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{
"titles": [
"2009 - Opening Up the Conversation on Genetics.pdf",
"2009 - Opening Up the Conversation on Genetics.pdf",
"2013 - ACMG recommendations for reporting of incidental findings.pdf",
"2008 - Genetic and Genomic Healthcare Ethical Issues of Importance to Nurses.pdf",
"2009 - From Genetics to Genomics Ethics, Policy, and Parental.pdf",
"2009 - Opening Up the Conversation on Genetics.pdf",
"2020 - Informed Consent for Genetic and Genomics Research.pdf",
"2008 - Canada Public Health Genomics.pdf",
"2018 - Ethical_Social_and_Legal_Consequences.pdf",
"2009 - From Genetics to Genomics Ethics, Policy, and Parental.pdf"
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"1999) raises practical and ethical issues of access to resulting opportunities and creates family communication challenges. Currently, prenatal testing for chromosomal diseases has become increasingly common (Moyer et al., 1999). Options such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can identify over 1,250 disease-related mutations creating an opportunity for parents to select unaffected embryos for implantation in the womb (R. M. Green, 2008). Test results provide potential parents with information",
"undergo prenatal testing have determined that partners base their decision upon several factors, including, but not limited to: parental beliefs about abor-tion, attitudes regarding disability and their perceptions of the usefulness of having the information revealed by genetic tests (Moyer et al., 1999, p. 522). Abortion beliefs constitute a key issue in the decision-making process. Even though a majority of parents receiving abnormal prenatal test results terminate their pregnancies (Redlinger-Grosse,",
"Hum Genet 1995;57:12331241. 24. Committee on Bioethics. Ethical and policy issues in genetic testing and screening of children. Pediatrics 2013;131:620622. 25. Ross LF, Saal HM, David KL, Anderson RR. Technical report: ethical and policy issues in genetic testing and screening of children. Genet Med 2013;15: 234245. 26. Wilfond B, Ross LF. From genetics to genomics: ethics, policy, and parental decision-making. J Pediatr Psychol 2009;34:639647.",
"Informed Consent and Genetic Testing Genetic testing is increasingly used across the life continuum for screening, diagnosis, and de termining the best treatment of diseases. Obstetric and pediat ric nurses have traditionally been involved in the genetic testing process with prenatal screening for genetic conditions such as spina bifida and Down syndrome, and newborn screening for genetic conditions such",
"Objective Ethical evaluation of genetic testing in children is traditionally based on balancing clinical benefits and risks. However, this focus can be inconsistent with the general practice of respecting parentaldecision-making about their childrens health care. We argue that respect for parental decision-making should play a larger role in shaping pediatric genetic testing practices, and play a similar role regarding decisions",
"prenatal decisions. Further research needs to investigate how different families engage in such discussions and decision-making pro-cesses, especially as prenatal testing becomes more common and better able to predict or prevent a wider range of genetic conditions.",
"all of the complex ethical and legal issues rel- evant to genetic testing would disappear if there were effective preventions or treatments available for genetic conditions. The ability to predict future disease in conjunction with a limited ability to do much about it has im- portant social and psychological implications that must be addressed in conducting genetic research. One final factor worth consideration in un- derstandingthesensitivitytogeneticmedicine",
"Newborn screening by tandem mass spec-trometry: ethical and social issues. Can J Public Health 2007; 98: 284286. 65 Belle-Isle L: Genetic testing for late onset dis- eases: a population and public health per-spective. Health Policy Res Bull 2001; 1: 11 12. 66 Williams-Jones B: Private genetic testing in Canada: a summary. Health Law Rev 2001; 9: 1013. 67 Begleiter ML: Training for genetic counsel- lors. Nat Rev Genet 2002; 3: 557561. 68 Carroll JC, Reid AJ, Woodward CA, Per-",
"Although risk-based genetic testing for common diseases raise similar ethical issues to more traditional genetic testing for rare diseases, new challenges are raised due to the type of information revealed and access to tests. With thoughtful deliberation with health professionals, patients and families, test developers and laboratories, insurers and other stakeholders, these issues can be addressed to ensure the safe and appropriate use of these promising new clinical applications. REFERENCES",
"against testing, parents should generally be given final decision-making authority. Ethical Considerations in Developing Policy for Comprehensive Genomic Testing In the near future, genomic testing is likely to become more accessible and will provide both information aboutthe risks of common conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension as well as predictions aboutindividual responses to specific pharmaceuticals and other medical therapies (Aspinall & Hamermesh, 2007)."
],
"answer": "The ethical considerations surrounding prenatal genetic testing and the selective termination of pregnancies based on genetic factors are multifaceted and complex. Key considerations include: 1. **Parental Beliefs and Attitudes**: Decisions about prenatal testing and subsequent actions, such as termination, are heavily influenced by parental beliefs about abortion, attitudes regarding disability, and their perceptions of the usefulness of the information revealed by genetic tests [2]. These personal beliefs and attitudes play a crucial role in shaping the ethical landscape of prenatal genetic testing. 2. **Informed Consent**: Ensuring that parents are fully informed about the implications of genetic testing is critical. This includes understanding the potential outcomes, the accuracy of the tests, and the possible decisions they may face based on the results [4]. Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical medical practice, particularly in the context of genetic testing. 3. **Respect for Parental Decision-Making**: Ethical considerations must balance clinical benefits and risks with respect for parental decision-making. Parents should generally have the final authority in making decisions about their children's health care, including whether to undergo genetic testing and how to respond to the results [5]. 4. **Social and Psychological Implications**: The ability to predict future diseases through genetic testing, coupled with limited options for prevention or treatment, has significant social and psychological implications. These must be addressed to ensure that parents are not unduly burdened by the information provided by genetic tests [7]. 5. **Access and Equity**: Ethical issues also arise from the accessibility of genetic testing and the opportunities it creates. There are concerns about equitable access to these technologies and the potential for disparities in who can benefit from them [1]. 6. **Family Communication Challenges**: Genetic testing results can create communication challenges within families, as they navigate the complex information and make decisions that affect their future [1]. In summary, the ethical considerations surrounding prenatal genetic testing and selective termination involve respecting parental beliefs and decision-making, ensuring informed consent, addressing social and psychological impacts, and promoting equitable access to genetic testing technologies. These considerations must be carefully balanced to navigate the ethical complexities of prenatal genetic testing.",
"question": "What are the ethical considerations surrounding prenatal genetic testing and the selective termination of pregnancies based on genetic factors?"
}
|
