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diff --git a/gnqa/paper2_eval/data/dataset/human/intermediate_files/human_cs_diabetes_16 b/gnqa/paper2_eval/data/dataset/human/intermediate_files/human_cs_diabetes_16 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baa98fa --- /dev/null +++ b/gnqa/paper2_eval/data/dataset/human/intermediate_files/human_cs_diabetes_16 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +{ + "titles": [ + "2017 - diabetes-mellitus-in-developing-countries-and-underserved-commun-2017.pdf", + "2018 - Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.pdf", + "2014 - Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes.pdf", + "2011 - Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes.pdf", + "2010 - Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake.pdf", + "2008 - Public Health Genomics Approach to Type 2 Diabetes.pdf", + "2009 - Zinc and Diabetes - clinical links and molecular mechanisms.pdf", + "2011 - Type 2 diabetes across generations from pathophysiology to prevention and management.pdf", + "2007 - Physical activity modifies the effect of SNPs in the SLC2A2 (GLUT2).pdf", + "2011 - Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes.pdf" + ], + "extraction_id": [ + "e6158348-e782-5e6d-9d89-3169b8fa630f", + "b534ab93-c837-5d89-809d-92062b1d49a4", + "35936d60-f8db-502e-be2c-4fe39f60fddd", + "93638ea5-6d1f-5b6a-9629-798804de24dd", + "6283c124-b479-5050-86ca-dc42390147a1", + "12668f1a-1631-5cce-bb6a-80b4de3fbb9e", + "ef8e6aa1-b7e0-5988-b9fb-a339317f9a66", + "de689016-3a4c-53b2-b3bf-a25ccbcbbb02", + "65609b08-1113-5a7f-9117-73476bcf50de", + "93638ea5-6d1f-5b6a-9629-798804de24dd" + ], + "document_id": [ + "8a9451b9-d7e8-5417-b6a5-5fd1b791cc4d", + "8bc8f3d4-968f-5252-ab4c-832b92e9ec0d", + "ab9288ab-e3ad-58f1-b5ba-183ee17ce4bd", + "a16d3328-039c-530a-bfe5-f6f80ecf2ad0", + "e4d4a19e-18a0-5a08-9ab7-537f31b7cdc1", + "47186d35-9c05-5b0a-b8cd-21d2e0e688d8", + "72ab8458-928b-56b9-9547-1ba4b59dfab9", + "0f49b102-1d7e-5702-af30-35e5f2ed93a6", + "6f5ced46-b777-563a-b644-432f4e7e2644", + "a16d3328-039c-530a-bfe5-f6f80ecf2ad0" + ], + "id": [ + "chatcmpl-ADZRbty26XP7vi2KOPG4Rh8fHX6iY", + "4e079c08-9095-5ec2-8c19-c6d0b222891e", + "b81dd6ab-e06e-55a2-bc0a-c89c5e883d3a", + "d090cda1-cf6a-5f2f-899a-3c7c763d0c8c", + "2b361786-7027-54e1-825d-34abc3a3fe98", + "89339b65-325f-588f-9f25-761124f0012f", + "74ec2f7f-a933-53b3-a78a-c69b9796c1c5", + "e6e5b010-d608-5a19-ae74-d571499fbb7b", + "2dc0e0fa-b061-5c09-8af3-02a44811042e", + "0e465787-e5b0-5f33-88cf-9bd1d0624f68", + "4d08d1ea-03a2-53d9-bb9d-df46c3fc2dcb" + ], + "contexts": [ + "of Type 2 Diabetes The lifestyle intervention using physical exercise and modi cation of nutrition is ef cient in pre- venting type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance [ 99 ]. Clinical trials con rm that lifestyle interventions (dietary modi cation and increased physical activity) reduce the risk of progressing from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes [ 105 ]. Assessing T2D risk accord- ing to FINDRISK scale [ 106 ] is quite common in", + "Major clinical trials have demonstrated that diet and lifestyle modifications are effective in preventing T2DM in high-risk individuals. T2DM management strategies including lifestyle modifications, social support and ensuring medication adherence are key to reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus complications. REVIEWS NATURE REVIEWS | ENDOCRINOLOGY VOLUME 14 | FEBRUARY 2018 | 89", + "focused on people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose because of their high risk of development of type 2 diabetes. Several studies have examined the ability of lifestyle modi cation and drugs to slow progression to diabetes (table 2). Findings from these trials have nearly all shown a bene t, with lifestyle modi cations being more e cacious than any drug, with the exception of the thiazolidinedione anti diabetics. 163175", + "no or just minor weight loss was achieved, diabetes incidence was also reduced ( Pan et al., 1997 ; Ramachandran et al., 2006 ). In addition, on the long term weight was partially or totally regained in all of the studies ( Knowler et al., 2009 ; Li et al., 2008 ; Lindstrom et al., 2006 ; Lindstrom et al., 2003 ). Despite this regain T2DM risk remained low or decreased further, thus the e ect of lifestyle is unlikely to be solely due to", + "proven particularly effective for preven-tion and management of type 2 diabetes.For example, improvement in dietaryquality, in conjunction with other lifestylemodications like increased physical ac-tivity, was shown to be more effectivethan pharmacological treatment in pre-vention of diabetes in individuals at highrisk (1). Further, lifestyle modicationmay mitigate the risk associated with thestrongest known diabetes risk loci (2).While the existence of environmental in-uences on genetic risk (and vice", + "spite of our incomplete knowledge of the genetics of type 2diabetes today, the burden of type 2 diabetes can be amelio-rated at the population level. Recent studies have found thatlifestyle changes through diet and exercise can prevent or", + "Lifestyle modification including exercise, nutrition and behavioral changes is the cornerstone to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic medication either as single agent or combination therapy is frequently required to maintain metabolic control, as assessed by monitoring ofglycated hemoglobin A 1C(HbA 1C) levels. Eventually, asignificant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes require the exogenous administration of insulin [40].", + "diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 134350. 114 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393403. 115 Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, Mukesh B, Bhaskar AD,", + "type 2 diabetes. Physical activity, favorable dietary changes,and weight reduction were essential components of a success-ful lifestyle intervention in two large randomized controlled trials on the prevention of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individ-uals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), including theFinnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (44) and the Diabe-tes Prevention Program (DPP) (22). In the DPS, increasedphysical activity was associated with a decreased risk of type", + "demonstrate that lifestyle modi cation comprising higher levels of PA and prudent food consumption may be e ective in obesity and T2DM prevention. The positive e ect of lifestyle on body weight seems somewhat transient, whereas the e ect on T2DM is sustained for longer periods. Furthermore, lifestyle modi ca- tion appears to have an e ect on diabetes risk independently of body weight and even of weight loss. Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes" + ], + "answer": "Lifestyle changes, particularly those involving diet and physical activity, have been shown to be effective in managing and even reversing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Several sources in the provided context support this: 1. **Prevention and Management**: Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, have been proven effective in preventing the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes [1], [2], [3], [5], [9]. These interventions are more efficacious than pharmacological treatments in some cases [5]. 2. **Sustained Effects**: The positive effects of lifestyle changes on type 2 diabetes risk are sustained over longer periods, even if weight is partially or totally regained [4], [10]. This suggests that the benefits of lifestyle modifications are not solely dependent on weight loss. 3. **Cornerstone of Treatment**: Lifestyle modification, including exercise, nutrition, and behavioral changes, is considered the cornerstone for both preventing and treating type 2 diabetes [7]. In summary, lifestyle changes can indeed play a significant role in reversing type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by multiple clinical trials and studies [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [7], [9], [10].", + "question": "Can lifestyle changes reverse type 2 diabetes?" +}
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