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+###############################################################################
+#
+# Format - A class for writing the Excel XLSX Worksheet file.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2025, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+#
+
+# Package imports.
+from warnings import warn
+
+from . import xmlwriter
+
+
+class Format(xmlwriter.XMLwriter):
+    """
+    A class for writing the Excel XLSX Format file.
+
+
+    """
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #
+    # Public API.
+    #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def __init__(self, properties=None, xf_indices=None, dxf_indices=None):
+        """
+        Constructor.
+
+        """
+        if properties is None:
+            properties = {}
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.xf_format_indices = xf_indices
+        self.dxf_format_indices = dxf_indices
+        self.xf_index = None
+        self.dxf_index = None
+
+        self.num_format = "General"
+        self.num_format_index = 0
+        self.font_index = 0
+        self.has_font = 0
+        self.has_dxf_font = 0
+
+        self.bold = 0
+        self.underline = 0
+        self.italic = 0
+        self.font_name = "Calibri"
+        self.font_size = 11
+        self.font_color = 0x0
+        self.font_strikeout = 0
+        self.font_outline = 0
+        self.font_shadow = 0
+        self.font_script = 0
+        self.font_family = 2
+        self.font_charset = 0
+        self.font_scheme = "minor"
+        self.font_condense = 0
+        self.font_extend = 0
+        self.theme = 0
+        self.hyperlink = False
+        self.xf_id = 0
+
+        self.hidden = 0
+        self.locked = 1
+
+        self.text_h_align = 0
+        self.text_wrap = 0
+        self.text_v_align = 0
+        self.text_justlast = 0
+        self.rotation = 0
+
+        self.fg_color = 0
+        self.bg_color = 0
+        self.pattern = 0
+        self.has_fill = 0
+        self.has_dxf_fill = 0
+        self.fill_index = 0
+        self.fill_count = 0
+
+        self.border_index = 0
+        self.has_border = 0
+        self.has_dxf_border = 0
+        self.border_count = 0
+
+        self.bottom = 0
+        self.bottom_color = 0
+        self.diag_border = 0
+        self.diag_color = 0
+        self.diag_type = 0
+        self.left = 0
+        self.left_color = 0
+        self.right = 0
+        self.right_color = 0
+        self.top = 0
+        self.top_color = 0
+
+        self.indent = 0
+        self.shrink = 0
+        self.merge_range = 0
+        self.reading_order = 0
+        self.just_distrib = 0
+        self.color_indexed = 0
+        self.font_only = 0
+
+        self.quote_prefix = False
+        self.checkbox = False
+
+        # Convert properties in the constructor to method calls.
+        for key, value in properties.items():
+            getattr(self, "set_" + key)(value)
+
+        self._format_key = None
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #
+    # Format properties.
+    #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def set_font_name(self, font_name):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_name property such as 'Time New Roman'. The
+        default Excel font is 'Calibri'.
+
+        Args:
+            font_name: String with the font name. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_name = font_name
+
+    def set_font_size(self, font_size=11):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_size property. The default Excel font size is 11.
+
+        Args:
+            font_size: Int with font size. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_size = font_size
+
+    def set_font_color(self, font_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_color property. The Excel default is black.
+
+        Args:
+            font_color: String with the font color. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_color = self._get_color(font_color)
+
+    def set_bold(self, bold=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format bold property.
+
+        Args:
+            bold: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.bold = bold
+
+    def set_italic(self, italic=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format italic property.
+
+        Args:
+            italic: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.italic = italic
+
+    def set_underline(self, underline=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format underline property.
+
+        Args:
+            underline: Default is 1, single underline.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.underline = underline
+
+    def set_font_strikeout(self, font_strikeout=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_strikeout property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_strikeout: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_strikeout = font_strikeout
+
+    def set_font_script(self, font_script=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_script property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_script: Default is 1, superscript.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_script = font_script
+
+    def set_font_outline(self, font_outline=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_outline property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_outline: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_outline = font_outline
+
+    def set_font_shadow(self, font_shadow=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format font_shadow property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_shadow: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_shadow = font_shadow
+
+    def set_num_format(self, num_format):
+        """
+        Set the Format num_format property such as '#,##0'.
+
+        Args:
+            num_format: String representing the number format. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.num_format = num_format
+
+    def set_locked(self, locked=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format locked property.
+
+        Args:
+            locked: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.locked = locked
+
+    def set_hidden(self, hidden=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format hidden property.
+
+        Args:
+            hidden: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.hidden = hidden
+
+    def set_align(self, alignment):
+        """
+        Set the Format cell alignment.
+
+        Args:
+            alignment: String representing alignment. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+        """
+        alignment = alignment.lower()
+
+        # Set horizontal alignment properties.
+        if alignment == "left":
+            self.set_text_h_align(1)
+        if alignment == "centre":
+            self.set_text_h_align(2)
+        if alignment == "center":
+            self.set_text_h_align(2)
+        if alignment == "right":
+            self.set_text_h_align(3)
+        if alignment == "fill":
+            self.set_text_h_align(4)
+        if alignment == "justify":
+            self.set_text_h_align(5)
+        if alignment == "center_across":
+            self.set_text_h_align(6)
+        if alignment == "centre_across":
+            self.set_text_h_align(6)
+        if alignment == "distributed":
+            self.set_text_h_align(7)
+        if alignment == "justify_distributed":
+            self.set_text_h_align(7)
+
+        if alignment == "justify_distributed":
+            self.just_distrib = 1
+
+        # Set vertical alignment properties.
+        if alignment == "top":
+            self.set_text_v_align(1)
+        if alignment == "vcentre":
+            self.set_text_v_align(2)
+        if alignment == "vcenter":
+            self.set_text_v_align(2)
+        if alignment == "bottom":
+            self.set_text_v_align(3)
+        if alignment == "vjustify":
+            self.set_text_v_align(4)
+        if alignment == "vdistributed":
+            self.set_text_v_align(5)
+
+    def set_center_across(self, align_type=None):
+        # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """
+        Set the Format center_across property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.set_text_h_align(6)
+
+    def set_text_wrap(self, text_wrap=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format text_wrap property.
+
+        Args:
+            text_wrap: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.text_wrap = text_wrap
+
+    def set_rotation(self, rotation):
+        """
+        Set the Format rotation property.
+
+        Args:
+            rotation: Rotation angle. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        rotation = int(rotation)
+
+        # Map user angle to Excel angle.
+        if rotation == 270:
+            rotation = 255
+        elif -90 <= rotation <= 90:
+            if rotation < 0:
+                rotation = -rotation + 90
+        else:
+            warn("Rotation rotation outside range: -90 <= angle <= 90")
+            return
+
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def set_indent(self, indent=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format indent property.
+
+        Args:
+            indent: Default is 1, first indentation level.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.indent = indent
+
+    def set_shrink(self, shrink=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format shrink property.
+
+        Args:
+            shrink: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.shrink = shrink
+
+    def set_text_justlast(self, text_justlast=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format text_justlast property.
+
+        Args:
+            text_justlast: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.text_justlast = text_justlast
+
+    def set_pattern(self, pattern=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format pattern property.
+
+        Args:
+            pattern: Default is 1, solid fill.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.pattern = pattern
+
+    def set_bg_color(self, bg_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format bg_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            bg_color: Background color. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.bg_color = self._get_color(bg_color)
+
+    def set_fg_color(self, fg_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format fg_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            fg_color: Foreground color. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.fg_color = self._get_color(fg_color)
+
+    # set_border(style) Set cells borders to the same style
+    def set_border(self, style=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format bottom property.
+
+        Args:
+            bottom: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.set_bottom(style)
+        self.set_top(style)
+        self.set_left(style)
+        self.set_right(style)
+
+    # set_border_color(color) Set cells border to the same color
+    def set_border_color(self, color):
+        """
+        Set the Format bottom property.
+
+        Args:
+            color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.set_bottom_color(color)
+        self.set_top_color(color)
+        self.set_left_color(color)
+        self.set_right_color(color)
+
+    def set_bottom(self, bottom=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format bottom property.
+
+        Args:
+            bottom: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.bottom = bottom
+
+    def set_bottom_color(self, bottom_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format bottom_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            bottom_color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.bottom_color = self._get_color(bottom_color)
+
+    def set_diag_type(self, diag_type=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format diag_type property.
+
+        Args:
+            diag_type: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.diag_type = diag_type
+
+    def set_left(self, left=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format left property.
+
+        Args:
+            left: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.left = left
+
+    def set_left_color(self, left_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format left_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            left_color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.left_color = self._get_color(left_color)
+
+    def set_right(self, right=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format right property.
+
+        Args:
+            right: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.right = right
+
+    def set_right_color(self, right_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format right_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            right_color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.right_color = self._get_color(right_color)
+
+    def set_top(self, top=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format top property.
+
+        Args:
+            top: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.top = top
+
+    def set_top_color(self, top_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format top_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            top_color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.top_color = self._get_color(top_color)
+
+    def set_diag_color(self, diag_color):
+        """
+        Set the Format diag_color property.
+
+        Args:
+            diag_color: Color string. No default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.diag_color = self._get_color(diag_color)
+
+    def set_diag_border(self, diag_border=1):
+        """
+        Set the Format diag_border property.
+
+        Args:
+            diag_border: Default is 1, border type 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.diag_border = diag_border
+
+    def set_quote_prefix(self, quote_prefix=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format quote prefix property.
+
+        Args:
+            quote_prefix: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.quote_prefix = quote_prefix
+
+    def set_checkbox(self, checkbox=True):
+        """
+        Set the Format property to show a checkbox in a cell.
+
+        This format property can be used with a cell that contains a boolean
+        value to display it as a checkbox. This property isn't required very
+        often and it is generally easier to create a checkbox using the
+        ``worksheet.insert_checkbox()`` method.
+
+        Args:
+            checkbox: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.checkbox = checkbox
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #
+    # Internal Format properties. These aren't documented since they are
+    # either only used internally or else are unlikely to be set by the user.
+    #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def set_has_font(self, has_font=True):
+        """
+        Set the property to indicate the format has a font.
+
+        Args:
+            has_font: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.has_font = has_font
+
+    def set_has_fill(self, has_fill=True):
+        """
+        Set the property to indicate the format has a fill.
+
+        Args:
+            has_fill: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.has_fill = has_fill
+
+    def set_font_index(self, font_index):
+        """
+        Set the unique font index property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_index: The unique font index.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_index = font_index
+
+    def set_xf_index(self, xf_index):
+        """
+        Set the unique format index property.
+
+        Args:
+            xf_index: The unique Excel format index.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.xf_index = xf_index
+
+    def set_dxf_index(self, dxf_index):
+        """
+        Set the unique conditional format index property.
+
+        Args:
+            dxf_index: The unique Excel conditional format index.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.dxf_index = dxf_index
+
+    def set_num_format_index(self, num_format_index):
+        """
+        Set the number format_index property.
+
+        Args:
+            num_format_index: The unique number format index.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.num_format_index = num_format_index
+
+    def set_text_h_align(self, text_h_align):
+        """
+        Set the horizontal text alignment property.
+
+        Args:
+            text_h_align: Horizontal text alignment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.text_h_align = text_h_align
+
+    def set_text_v_align(self, text_v_align):
+        """
+        Set the vertical text alignment property.
+
+        Args:
+            text_h_align: Vertical text alignment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.text_v_align = text_v_align
+
+    def set_reading_order(self, direction=0):
+        # Set the reading_order property.
+        """
+        Set the reading order property.
+
+        Args:
+            direction: Default is 0, left to right.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.reading_order = direction
+
+    def set_valign(self, align):
+        # Set vertical cell alignment. This is required by the constructor
+        # properties dict to differentiate between the vertical and horizontal
+        # properties.
+        """
+        Set vertical cell alignment property.
+
+        This is required by the constructor properties dict to differentiate
+        between the vertical and horizontal properties.
+
+        Args:
+            align: Alignment property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.set_align(align)
+
+    def set_font_family(self, font_family):
+        """
+        Set the font family property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_family: Font family number.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_family = font_family
+
+    def set_font_charset(self, font_charset):
+        """
+        Set the font character set property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_charset: The font character set number.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_charset = font_charset
+
+    def set_font_scheme(self, font_scheme):
+        """
+        Set the font scheme property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_scheme: The font scheme.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_scheme = font_scheme
+
+    def set_font_condense(self, font_condense):
+        """
+        Set the font condense property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_condense: The font condense property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_condense = font_condense
+
+    def set_font_extend(self, font_extend):
+        """
+        Set the font extend property.
+
+        Args:
+            font_extend: The font extend property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_extend = font_extend
+
+    def set_theme(self, theme):
+        """
+        Set the theme property.
+
+        Args:
+            theme: Format theme.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.theme = theme
+
+    def set_hyperlink(self, hyperlink=True):
+        """
+        Set the properties for the hyperlink style.
+
+        Args:
+            hyperlink: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.xf_id = 1
+        self.set_underline(1)
+        self.set_theme(10)
+        self.hyperlink = hyperlink
+
+    def set_color_indexed(self, color_index):
+        """
+        Set the color index property. Some fundamental format properties use an
+        indexed color instead of a rbg or theme color.
+
+        Args:
+            color_index: Generally 0 or 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.color_indexed = color_index
+
+    def set_font_only(self, font_only=True):
+        """
+        Set property to indicate that the format is used for fonts only.
+
+        Args:
+            font_only: Default is True, turns property on.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing.
+
+        """
+        self.font_only = font_only
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #
+    # Private API.
+    #
+    ###########################################################################
+
+    def _get_align_properties(self):
+        # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
+        # Return properties for an Style xf <alignment> sub-element.
+        changed = 0
+        align = []
+
+        # Check if any alignment options in the format have been changed.
+        if (
+            self.text_h_align
+            or self.text_v_align
+            or self.indent
+            or self.rotation
+            or self.text_wrap
+            or self.shrink
+            or self.reading_order
+        ):
+            changed = 1
+        else:
+            return changed, align
+
+        # Indent is only allowed for some alignment properties. If it is
+        # defined for any other alignment or no alignment has been set then
+        # default to left alignment.
+        if (
+            self.indent
+            and self.text_h_align != 1
+            and self.text_h_align != 3
+            and self.text_h_align != 7
+            and self.text_v_align != 1
+            and self.text_v_align != 3
+            and self.text_v_align != 5
+        ):
+            self.text_h_align = 1
+
+        # Check for properties that are mutually exclusive.
+        if self.text_wrap:
+            self.shrink = 0
+        if self.text_h_align == 4:
+            self.shrink = 0
+        if self.text_h_align == 5:
+            self.shrink = 0
+        if self.text_h_align == 7:
+            self.shrink = 0
+        if self.text_h_align != 7:
+            self.just_distrib = 0
+        if self.indent:
+            self.just_distrib = 0
+
+        continuous = "centerContinuous"
+
+        if self.text_h_align == 1:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "left"))
+        if self.text_h_align == 2:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "center"))
+        if self.text_h_align == 3:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "right"))
+        if self.text_h_align == 4:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "fill"))
+        if self.text_h_align == 5:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "justify"))
+        if self.text_h_align == 6:
+            align.append(("horizontal", continuous))
+        if self.text_h_align == 7:
+            align.append(("horizontal", "distributed"))
+
+        if self.just_distrib:
+            align.append(("justifyLastLine", 1))
+
+        # Property 'vertical' => 'bottom' is a default. It sets applyAlignment
+        # without an alignment sub-element.
+        if self.text_v_align == 1:
+            align.append(("vertical", "top"))
+        if self.text_v_align == 2:
+            align.append(("vertical", "center"))
+        if self.text_v_align == 4:
+            align.append(("vertical", "justify"))
+        if self.text_v_align == 5:
+            align.append(("vertical", "distributed"))
+
+        if self.rotation:
+            align.append(("textRotation", self.rotation))
+        if self.indent:
+            align.append(("indent", self.indent))
+
+        if self.text_wrap:
+            align.append(("wrapText", 1))
+        if self.shrink:
+            align.append(("shrinkToFit", 1))
+
+        if self.reading_order == 1:
+            align.append(("readingOrder", 1))
+        if self.reading_order == 2:
+            align.append(("readingOrder", 2))
+
+        return changed, align
+
+    def _get_protection_properties(self):
+        # Return properties for an Excel XML <Protection> element.
+        attributes = []
+
+        if not self.locked:
+            attributes.append(("locked", 0))
+        if self.hidden:
+            attributes.append(("hidden", 1))
+
+        return attributes
+
+    def _get_format_key(self):
+        # Returns a unique hash key for a format. Used by Workbook.
+        if self._format_key is None:
+            self._format_key = ":".join(
+                str(x)
+                for x in (
+                    self._get_font_key(),
+                    self._get_border_key(),
+                    self._get_fill_key(),
+                    self._get_alignment_key(),
+                    self.num_format,
+                    self.locked,
+                    self.checkbox,
+                    self.quote_prefix,
+                    self.hidden,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return self._format_key
+
+    def _get_font_key(self):
+        # Returns a unique hash key for a font. Used by Workbook.
+        key = ":".join(
+            str(x)
+            for x in (
+                self.bold,
+                self.font_color,
+                self.font_charset,
+                self.font_family,
+                self.font_outline,
+                self.font_script,
+                self.font_shadow,
+                self.font_strikeout,
+                self.font_name,
+                self.italic,
+                self.font_size,
+                self.underline,
+                self.theme,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return key
+
+    def _get_border_key(self):
+        # Returns a unique hash key for a border style. Used by Workbook.
+        key = ":".join(
+            str(x)
+            for x in (
+                self.bottom,
+                self.bottom_color,
+                self.diag_border,
+                self.diag_color,
+                self.diag_type,
+                self.left,
+                self.left_color,
+                self.right,
+                self.right_color,
+                self.top,
+                self.top_color,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return key
+
+    def _get_fill_key(self):
+        # Returns a unique hash key for a fill style. Used by Workbook.
+        key = ":".join(str(x) for x in (self.pattern, self.bg_color, self.fg_color))
+
+        return key
+
+    def _get_alignment_key(self):
+        # Returns a unique hash key for alignment formats.
+
+        key = ":".join(
+            str(x)
+            for x in (
+                self.text_h_align,
+                self.text_v_align,
+                self.indent,
+                self.rotation,
+                self.text_wrap,
+                self.shrink,
+                self.reading_order,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return key
+
+    def _get_xf_index(self):
+        # Returns the XF index number used by Excel to identify a format.
+        if self.xf_index is not None:
+            # Format already has an index number so return it.
+            return self.xf_index
+
+        # Format doesn't have an index number so assign one.
+        key = self._get_format_key()
+
+        if key in self.xf_format_indices:
+            # Format matches existing format with an index.
+            return self.xf_format_indices[key]
+
+        # New format requiring an index. Note. +1 since Excel
+        # has an implicit "General" format at index 0.
+        index = 1 + len(self.xf_format_indices)
+        self.xf_format_indices[key] = index
+        self.xf_index = index
+        return index
+
+    def _get_dxf_index(self):
+        # Returns the DXF index number used by Excel to identify a format.
+        if self.dxf_index is not None:
+            # Format already has an index number so return it.
+            return self.dxf_index
+
+        # Format doesn't have an index number so assign one.
+        key = self._get_format_key()
+
+        if key in self.dxf_format_indices:
+            # Format matches existing format with an index.
+            return self.dxf_format_indices[key]
+
+        # New format requiring an index.
+        index = len(self.dxf_format_indices)
+        self.dxf_format_indices[key] = index
+        self.dxf_index = index
+        return index
+
+    def _get_color(self, color):
+        # Used in conjunction with the set_xxx_color methods to convert a
+        # color name into an RGB formatted string. These colors are for
+        # backward compatibility with older versions of Excel.
+        named_colors = {
+            "black": "#000000",
+            "blue": "#0000FF",
+            "brown": "#800000",
+            "cyan": "#00FFFF",
+            "gray": "#808080",
+            "green": "#008000",
+            "lime": "#00FF00",
+            "magenta": "#FF00FF",
+            "navy": "#000080",
+            "orange": "#FF6600",
+            "pink": "#FF00FF",
+            "purple": "#800080",
+            "red": "#FF0000",
+            "silver": "#C0C0C0",
+            "white": "#FFFFFF",
+            "yellow": "#FFFF00",
+            "automatic": "Automatic",
+        }
+
+        return named_colors.get(color, color)
+
+    ###########################################################################
+    #
+    # XML methods.
+    #
+    ###########################################################################