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+import csv
+import email.message
+import functools
+import json
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Container,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
+    DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+    DirectUrl,
+    DirectUrlValidationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs  # TODO: Move definition here.
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_sys_path
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_local, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+from ._json import msg_to_json
+
+InfoPath = Union[str, pathlib.PurePath]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BaseEntryPoint(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def group(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _convert_installed_files_path(
+    entry: Tuple[str, ...],
+    info: Tuple[str, ...],
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a legacy installed-files.txt path into modern RECORD path.
+
+    The legacy format stores paths relative to the info directory, while the
+    modern format stores paths relative to the package root, e.g. the
+    site-packages directory.
+
+    :param entry: Path parts of the installed-files.txt entry.
+    :param info: Path parts of the egg-info directory relative to package root.
+    :returns: The converted entry.
+
+    For best compatibility with symlinks, this does not use ``abspath()`` or
+    ``Path.resolve()``, but tries to work with path parts:
+
+    1. While ``entry`` starts with ``..``, remove the equal amounts of parts
+       from ``info``; if ``info`` is empty, start appending ``..`` instead.
+    2. Join the two directly.
+    """
+    while entry and entry[0] == "..":
+        if not info or info[-1] == "..":
+            info += ("..",)
+        else:
+            info = info[:-1]
+        entry = entry[1:]
+    return str(pathlib.Path(*info, *entry))
+
+
+class RequiresEntry(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    extra: str
+    marker: str
+
+
+class BaseDistribution(Protocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a metadata directory.
+
+        :param directory: Path to a metadata directory, e.g. ``.dist-info``.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from the contents of a METADATA file.
+
+        This is used to implement PEP 658 by generating a "shallow" dist object that can
+        be used for resolution without downloading or building the actual dist yet.
+
+        :param metadata_contents: The contents of a METADATA file.
+        :param filename: File name for the dist with this metadata.
+        :param project_name: Name of the project this dist represents.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: "Wheel", name: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a given wheel.
+
+        :param wheel: A concrete wheel definition.
+        :param name: File name of the wheel.
+
+        :raises InvalidWheel: Whenever loading of the wheel causes a
+            :py:exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` exception to be thrown.
+        :raises UnsupportedWheel: If the wheel is a valid zip, but malformed
+            internally.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version} ({self.location})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version}"
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Where the distribution is loaded from.
+
+        A string value is not necessarily a filesystem path, since distributions
+        can be loaded from other sources, e.g. arbitrary zip archives. ``None``
+        means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def editable_project_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The project location for editable distributions.
+
+        This is the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is located.
+        None if the distribution is not installed in editable mode.
+        """
+        # TODO: this property is relatively costly to compute, memoize it ?
+        direct_url = self.direct_url
+        if direct_url:
+            if direct_url.is_local_editable():
+                return url_to_path(direct_url.url)
+        else:
+            # Search for an .egg-link file by walking sys.path, as it was
+            # done before by dist_is_editable().
+            egg_link_path = egg_link_path_from_sys_path(self.raw_name)
+            if egg_link_path:
+                # TODO: get project location from second line of egg_link file
+                #       (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10243)
+                return self.location
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The distribution's "installed" location.
+
+        This should generally be a ``site-packages`` directory. This is
+        usually ``dist.location``, except for legacy develop-installed packages,
+        where ``dist.location`` is the source code location, and this is where
+        the ``.egg-link`` file is.
+
+        The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Location of the .[egg|dist]-info directory or file.
+
+        Similarly to ``location``, a string value is not necessarily a
+        filesystem path. ``None`` means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        For a modern .dist-info installation on disk, this should be something
+        like ``{location}/{raw_name}-{version}.dist-info``.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and other files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with legacy distutils format.
+
+        A distribution installed with "raw" distutils not patched by setuptools
+        uses one single file at ``info_location`` to store metadata. We need to
+        treat this specially on uninstallation.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_file()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_as_egg(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed as an egg.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed by (older versions
+        of) easy_install.
+        """
+        location = self.location
+        if not location:
+            return False
+        return location.endswith(".egg")
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_setuptools_egg_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the ``.egg-info`` format.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed with setuptools
+        with an old pip version or with ``single-version-externally-managed``.
+
+        Note that this ensure the metadata store is a directory. distutils can
+        also installs an ``.egg-info``, but as a file, not a directory. This
+        property is *False* for that case. Also see ``installed_by_distutils``.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_dist_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the "modern format".
+
+        This indicates a "modern" installation, e.g. storing metadata in the
+        ``.dist-info`` directory. This applies to installations made by
+        setuptools (but through pip, not directly), or anything using the
+        standardized build backend interface (PEP 517).
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".dist-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def raw_version(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def setuptools_filename(self) -> str:
+        """Convert a project name to its setuptools-compatible filename.
+
+        This is a copy of ``pkg_resources.to_filename()`` for compatibility.
+        """
+        return self.raw_name.replace("-", "_")
+
+    @property
+    def direct_url(self) -> Optional[DirectUrl]:
+        """Obtain a DirectUrl from this distribution.
+
+        Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
+        or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return DirectUrl.from_json(content)
+        except (
+            UnicodeDecodeError,
+            json.JSONDecodeError,
+            DirectUrlValidationError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
+                DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+                self.canonical_name,
+                e,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def installer(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            installer_text = self.read_text("INSTALLER")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, NoneMetadataError):
+            return ""  # Fail silently if the installer file cannot be read.
+        for line in installer_text.splitlines():
+            cleaned_line = line.strip()
+            if cleaned_line:
+                return cleaned_line
+        return ""
+
+    @property
+    def requested(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file("REQUESTED")
+
+    @property
+    def editable(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.editable_project_location)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> bool:
+        """If distribution is installed in the current virtual environment.
+
+        Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
+        """
+        if self.installed_location is None:
+            return False
+        return is_local(self.installed_location)
+
+    @property
+    def in_usersite(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or user_site is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))
+
+    @property
+    def in_site_packages(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or site_packages is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an entry in the info directory is a file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Find distutils 'scripts' entries metadata.
+
+        If 'scripts' is supplied in ``setup.py``, distutils records those in the
+        installed distribution's ``scripts`` directory, a file for each script.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        """Read a file in the info directory.
+
+        :raise FileNotFoundError: If ``path`` does not exist in the directory.
+        :raise NoneMetadataError: If ``path`` exists in the info directory, but
+            cannot be read.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def metadata(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """Metadata of distribution parsed from e.g. METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty message if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        metadata = self._metadata_impl()
+        self._add_egg_info_requires(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """PEP 566 compliant JSON-serializable representation of METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty dict if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return msg_to_json(self.metadata)
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_version(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Value of "Metadata-Version:" in distribution metadata, if available."""
+        return self.metadata.get("Metadata-Version")
+
+    @property
+    def raw_name(self) -> str:
+        """Value of "Name:" in distribution metadata."""
+        # The metadata should NEVER be missing the Name: key, but if it somehow
+        # does, fall back to the known canonical name.
+        return self.metadata.get("Name", self.canonical_name)
+
+    @property
+    def requires_python(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        """Value of "Requires-Python:" in distribution metadata.
+
+        If the key does not exist or contains an invalid value, an empty
+        SpecifierSet should be returned.
+        """
+        value = self.metadata.get("Requires-Python")
+        if value is None:
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        try:
+            # Convert to str to satisfy the type checker; this can be a Header object.
+            spec = SpecifierSet(str(value))
+        except InvalidSpecifier as e:
+            message = "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s"
+            logger.warning(message, self.raw_name, e)
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        return spec
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        """Dependencies of this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Requires-Dist:" entries in distribution metadata.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_raw_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Raw Requires-Dist metadata."""
+        return self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", [])
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[NormalizedName]:
+        """Extras provided by this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Provides-Extra:" entries in distribution metadata.
+
+        The return value of this function is expected to be normalised names,
+        per PEP 685, with the returned value being handled appropriately by
+        `iter_dependencies`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_record(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("RECORD")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        # This extra Path-str cast normalizes entries.
+        return (str(pathlib.Path(row[0])) for row in csv.reader(text.splitlines()))
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_legacy(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("installed-files.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        paths = (p for p in text.splitlines(keepends=False) if p)
+        root = self.location
+        info = self.info_location
+        if root is None or info is None:
+            return paths
+        try:
+            info_rel = pathlib.Path(info).relative_to(root)
+        except ValueError:  # info is not relative to root.
+            return paths
+        if not info_rel.parts:  # info *is* root.
+            return paths
+        return (
+            _convert_installed_files_path(pathlib.Path(p).parts, info_rel.parts)
+            for p in paths
+        )
+
+    def iter_declared_entries(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        """Iterate through file entries declared in this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the files listed in the
+        ``RECORD`` metadata file. For legacy setuptools distributions, this
+        comes from ``installed-files.txt``, with entries normalized to be
+        compatible with the format used by ``RECORD``.
+
+        :return: An iterator for listed entries, or None if the distribution
+            contains neither ``RECORD`` nor ``installed-files.txt``.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._iter_declared_entries_from_record()
+            or self._iter_declared_entries_from_legacy()
+        )
+
+    def _iter_requires_txt_entries(self) -> Iterator[RequiresEntry]:
+        """Parse a ``requires.txt`` in an egg-info directory.
+
+        This is an INI-ish format where an egg-info stores dependencies. A
+        section name describes extra other environment markers, while each entry
+        is an arbitrary string (not a key-value pair) representing a dependency
+        as a requirement string (no markers).
+
+        There is a construct in ``importlib.metadata`` called ``Sectioned`` that
+        does mostly the same, but the format is currently considered private.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text("requires.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return
+        extra = marker = ""  # Section-less entries don't have markers.
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):  # Comment; ignored.
+                continue
+            if line.startswith("[") and line.endswith("]"):  # A section header.
+                extra, _, marker = line.strip("[]").partition(":")
+                continue
+            yield RequiresEntry(requirement=line, extra=extra, marker=marker)
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get extras from the egg-info directory."""
+        known_extras = {""}
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra in known_extras:
+                continue
+            known_extras.add(extra)
+            yield extra
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get distribution dependencies from the egg-info directory.
+
+        To ease parsing, this converts a legacy dependency entry into a PEP 508
+        requirement string. Like ``_iter_requires_txt_entries()``, there is code
+        in ``importlib.metadata`` that does mostly the same, but not do exactly
+        what we need.
+
+        Namely, ``importlib.metadata`` does not normalize the extra name before
+        putting it into the requirement string, which causes marker comparison
+        to fail because the dist-info format do normalize. This is consistent in
+        all currently available PEP 517 backends, although not standardized.
+        """
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra and entry.marker:
+                marker = f'({entry.marker}) and extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif extra:
+                marker = f'extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif entry.marker:
+                marker = entry.marker
+            else:
+                marker = ""
+            if marker:
+                yield f"{entry.requirement} ; {marker}"
+            else:
+                yield entry.requirement
+
+    def _add_egg_info_requires(self, metadata: email.message.Message) -> None:
+        """Add egg-info requires.txt information to the metadata."""
+        if not metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist"):
+            for dep in self._iter_egg_info_dependencies():
+                metadata["Requires-Dist"] = dep
+        if not metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"):
+            for extra in self._iter_egg_info_extras():
+                metadata["Provides-Extra"] = extra
+
+
+class BaseEnvironment:
+    """An environment containing distributions to introspect."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Given a requirement name, return the installed distributions.
+
+        The name may not be normalized. The implementation must canonicalize
+        it for lookup.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Iterate through installed distributions.
+
+        This function should be implemented by subclass, but never called
+        directly. Use the public ``iter_distribution()`` instead, which
+        implements additional logic to make sure the distributions are valid.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_all_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Iterate through all installed distributions without any filtering."""
+        for dist in self._iter_distributions():
+            # Make sure the distribution actually comes from a valid Python
+            # packaging distribution. Pip's AdjacentTempDirectory leaves folders
+            # e.g. ``~atplotlib.dist-info`` if cleanup was interrupted. The
+            # valid project name pattern is taken from PEP 508.
+            project_name_valid = re.match(
+                r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                flags=re.IGNORECASE,
+            )
+            if not project_name_valid:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid distribution %s (%s)",
+                    dist.canonical_name,
+                    dist.location,
+                )
+                continue
+            yield dist
+
+    def iter_installed_distributions(
+        self,
+        local_only: bool = True,
+        skip: Container[str] = stdlib_pkgs,
+        include_editables: bool = True,
+        editables_only: bool = False,
+        user_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Return a list of installed distributions.
+
+        This is based on ``iter_all_distributions()`` with additional filtering
+        options. Note that ``iter_installed_distributions()`` without arguments
+        is *not* equal to ``iter_all_distributions()``, since some of the
+        configurations exclude packages by default.
+
+        :param local_only: If True (default), only return installations
+        local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
+        :param skip: An iterable of canonicalized project names to ignore;
+            defaults to ``stdlib_pkgs``.
+        :param include_editables: If False, don't report editables.
+        :param editables_only: If True, only report editables.
+        :param user_only: If True, only report installations in the user
+        site directory.
+        """
+        it = self.iter_all_distributions()
+        if local_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.local)
+        if not include_editables:
+            it = (d for d in it if not d.editable)
+        if editables_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.editable)
+        if user_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.in_usersite)
+        return (d for d in it if d.canonical_name not in skip)
+
+
+class Wheel(Protocol):
+    location: str
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FilesystemWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.location, allowZip64=True)
+
+
+class MemoryWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.stream, allowZip64=True)