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+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import subprocess
+import pkgutil
+import types
+import importlib
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy
+import pytest
+from numpy.testing import IS_WASM
+
+try:
+ import ctypes
+except ImportError:
+ ctypes = None
+
+
+def check_dir(module, module_name=None):
+ """Returns a mapping of all objects with the wrong __module__ attribute."""
+ if module_name is None:
+ module_name = module.__name__
+ results = {}
+ for name in dir(module):
+ item = getattr(module, name)
+ if (hasattr(item, '__module__') and hasattr(item, '__name__')
+ and item.__module__ != module_name):
+ results[name] = item.__module__ + '.' + item.__name__
+ return results
+
+
+def test_numpy_namespace():
+ # None of these objects are publicly documented to be part of the main
+ # NumPy namespace (some are useful though, others need to be cleaned up)
+ undocumented = {
+ '_add_newdoc_ufunc': 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath._add_newdoc_ufunc',
+ 'add_docstring': 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath.add_docstring',
+ 'add_newdoc': 'numpy.core.function_base.add_newdoc',
+ 'add_newdoc_ufunc': 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath._add_newdoc_ufunc',
+ 'byte_bounds': 'numpy.lib.utils.byte_bounds',
+ 'compare_chararrays': 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath.compare_chararrays',
+ 'deprecate': 'numpy.lib.utils.deprecate',
+ 'deprecate_with_doc': 'numpy.lib.utils.deprecate_with_doc',
+ 'disp': 'numpy.lib.function_base.disp',
+ 'fastCopyAndTranspose': 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath.fastCopyAndTranspose',
+ 'get_array_wrap': 'numpy.lib.shape_base.get_array_wrap',
+ 'get_include': 'numpy.lib.utils.get_include',
+ 'recfromcsv': 'numpy.lib.npyio.recfromcsv',
+ 'recfromtxt': 'numpy.lib.npyio.recfromtxt',
+ 'safe_eval': 'numpy.lib.utils.safe_eval',
+ 'set_string_function': 'numpy.core.arrayprint.set_string_function',
+ 'show_config': 'numpy.__config__.show',
+ 'show_runtime': 'numpy.lib.utils.show_runtime',
+ 'who': 'numpy.lib.utils.who',
+ }
+ # We override dir to not show these members
+ allowlist = undocumented
+ bad_results = check_dir(np)
+ # pytest gives better error messages with the builtin assert than with
+ # assert_equal
+ assert bad_results == allowlist
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="can't start subprocess")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('name', ['testing'])
+def test_import_lazy_import(name):
+ """Make sure we can actually use the modules we lazy load.
+
+ While not exported as part of the public API, it was accessible. With the
+ use of __getattr__ and __dir__, this isn't always true It can happen that
+ an infinite recursion may happen.
+
+ This is the only way I found that would force the failure to appear on the
+ badly implemented code.
+
+ We also test for the presence of the lazily imported modules in dir
+
+ """
+ exe = (sys.executable, '-c', "import numpy; numpy." + name)
+ result = subprocess.check_output(exe)
+ assert not result
+
+ # Make sure they are still in the __dir__
+ assert name in dir(np)
+
+
+def test_dir_testing():
+ """Assert that output of dir has only one "testing/tester"
+ attribute without duplicate"""
+ assert len(dir(np)) == len(set(dir(np)))
+
+
+def test_numpy_linalg():
+ bad_results = check_dir(np.linalg)
+ assert bad_results == {}
+
+
+def test_numpy_fft():
+ bad_results = check_dir(np.fft)
+ assert bad_results == {}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(ctypes is None,
+ reason="ctypes not available in this python")
+def test_NPY_NO_EXPORT():
+ cdll = ctypes.CDLL(np.core._multiarray_tests.__file__)
+ # Make sure an arbitrary NPY_NO_EXPORT function is actually hidden
+ f = getattr(cdll, 'test_not_exported', None)
+ assert f is None, ("'test_not_exported' is mistakenly exported, "
+ "NPY_NO_EXPORT does not work")
+
+
+# Historically NumPy has not used leading underscores for private submodules
+# much. This has resulted in lots of things that look like public modules
+# (i.e. things that can be imported as `import numpy.somesubmodule.somefile`),
+# but were never intended to be public. The PUBLIC_MODULES list contains
+# modules that are either public because they were meant to be, or because they
+# contain public functions/objects that aren't present in any other namespace
+# for whatever reason and therefore should be treated as public.
+#
+# The PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES list contains modules that look public (lack
+# of underscores) but should not be used. For many of those modules the
+# current status is fine. For others it may make sense to work on making them
+# private, to clean up our public API and avoid confusion.
+PUBLIC_MODULES = ['numpy.' + s for s in [
+ "array_api",
+ "array_api.linalg",
+ "ctypeslib",
+ "doc",
+ "doc.constants",
+ "doc.ufuncs",
+ "dtypes",
+ "exceptions",
+ "f2py",
+ "fft",
+ "lib",
+ "lib.format", # was this meant to be public?
+ "lib.mixins",
+ "lib.recfunctions",
+ "lib.scimath",
+ "lib.stride_tricks",
+ "linalg",
+ "ma",
+ "ma.extras",
+ "ma.mrecords",
+ "matlib",
+ "polynomial",
+ "polynomial.chebyshev",
+ "polynomial.hermite",
+ "polynomial.hermite_e",
+ "polynomial.laguerre",
+ "polynomial.legendre",
+ "polynomial.polynomial",
+ "random",
+ "testing",
+ "testing.overrides",
+ "typing",
+ "typing.mypy_plugin",
+ "version" # Should be removed for NumPy 2.0
+]]
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+ PUBLIC_MODULES += [
+ 'numpy.' + s for s in [
+ "distutils",
+ "distutils.cpuinfo",
+ "distutils.exec_command",
+ "distutils.misc_util",
+ "distutils.log",
+ "distutils.system_info",
+ ]
+ ]
+
+
+
+PUBLIC_ALIASED_MODULES = [
+ "numpy.char",
+ "numpy.emath",
+ "numpy.rec",
+]
+
+
+PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES = ['numpy.' + s for s in [
+ "compat",
+ "compat.py3k",
+ "conftest",
+ "core",
+ "core.arrayprint",
+ "core.defchararray",
+ "core.einsumfunc",
+ "core.fromnumeric",
+ "core.function_base",
+ "core.getlimits",
+ "core.memmap",
+ "core.multiarray",
+ "core.numeric",
+ "core.numerictypes",
+ "core.overrides",
+ "core.records",
+ "core.shape_base",
+ "core.umath",
+ "f2py.auxfuncs",
+ "f2py.capi_maps",
+ "f2py.cb_rules",
+ "f2py.cfuncs",
+ "f2py.common_rules",
+ "f2py.crackfortran",
+ "f2py.diagnose",
+ "f2py.f2py2e",
+ "f2py.f90mod_rules",
+ "f2py.func2subr",
+ "f2py.rules",
+ "f2py.symbolic",
+ "f2py.use_rules",
+ "fft.helper",
+ "lib.arraypad",
+ "lib.arraysetops",
+ "lib.arrayterator",
+ "lib.function_base",
+ "lib.histograms",
+ "lib.index_tricks",
+ "lib.nanfunctions",
+ "lib.npyio",
+ "lib.polynomial",
+ "lib.shape_base",
+ "lib.twodim_base",
+ "lib.type_check",
+ "lib.ufunclike",
+ "lib.user_array", # note: not in np.lib, but probably should just be deleted
+ "lib.utils",
+ "linalg.lapack_lite",
+ "linalg.linalg",
+ "ma.core",
+ "ma.testutils",
+ "ma.timer_comparison",
+ "matrixlib",
+ "matrixlib.defmatrix",
+ "polynomial.polyutils",
+ "random.mtrand",
+ "random.bit_generator",
+ "testing.print_coercion_tables",
+]]
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+ PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES += [
+ 'numpy.' + s for s in [
+ "distutils.armccompiler",
+ "distutils.fujitsuccompiler",
+ "distutils.ccompiler",
+ 'distutils.ccompiler_opt',
+ "distutils.command",
+ "distutils.command.autodist",
+ "distutils.command.bdist_rpm",
+ "distutils.command.build",
+ "distutils.command.build_clib",
+ "distutils.command.build_ext",
+ "distutils.command.build_py",
+ "distutils.command.build_scripts",
+ "distutils.command.build_src",
+ "distutils.command.config",
+ "distutils.command.config_compiler",
+ "distutils.command.develop",
+ "distutils.command.egg_info",
+ "distutils.command.install",
+ "distutils.command.install_clib",
+ "distutils.command.install_data",
+ "distutils.command.install_headers",
+ "distutils.command.sdist",
+ "distutils.conv_template",
+ "distutils.core",
+ "distutils.extension",
+ "distutils.fcompiler",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.absoft",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.arm",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.compaq",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.environment",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.g95",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.gnu",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.hpux",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.ibm",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.intel",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.lahey",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.mips",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.nag",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.none",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.pathf95",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.pg",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.nv",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.sun",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.vast",
+ "distutils.fcompiler.fujitsu",
+ "distutils.from_template",
+ "distutils.intelccompiler",
+ "distutils.lib2def",
+ "distutils.line_endings",
+ "distutils.mingw32ccompiler",
+ "distutils.msvccompiler",
+ "distutils.npy_pkg_config",
+ "distutils.numpy_distribution",
+ "distutils.pathccompiler",
+ "distutils.unixccompiler",
+ ]
+ ]
+
+
+def is_unexpected(name):
+ """Check if this needs to be considered."""
+ if '._' in name or '.tests' in name or '.setup' in name:
+ return False
+
+ if name in PUBLIC_MODULES:
+ return False
+
+ if name in PUBLIC_ALIASED_MODULES:
+ return False
+
+ if name in PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES:
+ return False
+
+ return True
+
+
+# These are present in a directory with an __init__.py but cannot be imported
+# code_generators/ isn't installed, but present for an inplace build
+SKIP_LIST = [
+ "numpy.core.code_generators",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.genapi",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.generate_umath",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.ufunc_docstrings",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.generate_numpy_api",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.generate_ufunc_api",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.numpy_api",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.generate_umath_doc",
+ "numpy.core.code_generators.verify_c_api_version",
+ "numpy.core.cversions",
+ "numpy.core.generate_numpy_api",
+ "numpy.core.umath_tests",
+]
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+ SKIP_LIST += ["numpy.distutils.msvc9compiler"]
+
+
+# suppressing warnings from deprecated modules
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.*np.compat.*:DeprecationWarning")
+def test_all_modules_are_expected():
+ """
+ Test that we don't add anything that looks like a new public module by
+ accident. Check is based on filenames.
+ """
+
+ modnames = []
+ for _, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(path=np.__path__,
+ prefix=np.__name__ + '.',
+ onerror=None):
+ if is_unexpected(modname) and modname not in SKIP_LIST:
+ # We have a name that is new. If that's on purpose, add it to
+ # PUBLIC_MODULES. We don't expect to have to add anything to
+ # PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES. Use an underscore in the name!
+ modnames.append(modname)
+
+ if modnames:
+ raise AssertionError(f'Found unexpected modules: {modnames}')
+
+
+# Stuff that clearly shouldn't be in the API and is detected by the next test
+# below
+SKIP_LIST_2 = [
+ 'numpy.math',
+ 'numpy.doc.constants.re',
+ 'numpy.doc.constants.textwrap',
+ 'numpy.lib.emath',
+ 'numpy.lib.math',
+ 'numpy.matlib.char',
+ 'numpy.matlib.rec',
+ 'numpy.matlib.emath',
+ 'numpy.matlib.exceptions',
+ 'numpy.matlib.math',
+ 'numpy.matlib.linalg',
+ 'numpy.matlib.fft',
+ 'numpy.matlib.random',
+ 'numpy.matlib.ctypeslib',
+ 'numpy.matlib.ma',
+]
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+ SKIP_LIST_2 += [
+ 'numpy.distutils.log.sys',
+ 'numpy.distutils.log.logging',
+ 'numpy.distutils.log.warnings',
+ ]
+
+
+def test_all_modules_are_expected_2():
+ """
+ Method checking all objects. The pkgutil-based method in
+ `test_all_modules_are_expected` does not catch imports into a namespace,
+ only filenames. So this test is more thorough, and checks this like:
+
+ import .lib.scimath as emath
+
+ To check if something in a module is (effectively) public, one can check if
+ there's anything in that namespace that's a public function/object but is
+ not exposed in a higher-level namespace. For example for a `numpy.lib`
+ submodule::
+
+ mod = np.lib.mixins
+ for obj in mod.__all__:
+ if obj in np.__all__:
+ continue
+ elif obj in np.lib.__all__:
+ continue
+
+ else:
+ print(obj)
+
+ """
+
+ def find_unexpected_members(mod_name):
+ members = []
+ module = importlib.import_module(mod_name)
+ if hasattr(module, '__all__'):
+ objnames = module.__all__
+ else:
+ objnames = dir(module)
+
+ for objname in objnames:
+ if not objname.startswith('_'):
+ fullobjname = mod_name + '.' + objname
+ if isinstance(getattr(module, objname), types.ModuleType):
+ if is_unexpected(fullobjname):
+ if fullobjname not in SKIP_LIST_2:
+ members.append(fullobjname)
+
+ return members
+
+ unexpected_members = find_unexpected_members("numpy")
+ for modname in PUBLIC_MODULES:
+ unexpected_members.extend(find_unexpected_members(modname))
+
+ if unexpected_members:
+ raise AssertionError("Found unexpected object(s) that look like "
+ "modules: {}".format(unexpected_members))
+
+
+def test_api_importable():
+ """
+ Check that all submodules listed higher up in this file can be imported
+
+ Note that if a PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES entry goes missing, it may
+ simply need to be removed from the list (deprecation may or may not be
+ needed - apply common sense).
+ """
+ def check_importable(module_name):
+ try:
+ importlib.import_module(module_name)
+ except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+ return False
+
+ return True
+
+ module_names = []
+ for module_name in PUBLIC_MODULES:
+ if not check_importable(module_name):
+ module_names.append(module_name)
+
+ if module_names:
+ raise AssertionError("Modules in the public API that cannot be "
+ "imported: {}".format(module_names))
+
+ for module_name in PUBLIC_ALIASED_MODULES:
+ try:
+ eval(module_name)
+ except AttributeError:
+ module_names.append(module_name)
+
+ if module_names:
+ raise AssertionError("Modules in the public API that were not "
+ "found: {}".format(module_names))
+
+ with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+ warnings.filterwarnings('always', category=DeprecationWarning)
+ warnings.filterwarnings('always', category=ImportWarning)
+ for module_name in PRIVATE_BUT_PRESENT_MODULES:
+ if not check_importable(module_name):
+ module_names.append(module_name)
+
+ if module_names:
+ raise AssertionError("Modules that are not really public but looked "
+ "public and can not be imported: "
+ "{}".format(module_names))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(
+ sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_DEBUG") not in (None, 0, "0"),
+ reason=(
+ "NumPy possibly built with `USE_DEBUG=True ./tools/travis-test.sh`, "
+ "which does not expose the `array_api` entry point. "
+ "See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/19800"
+ ),
+)
+def test_array_api_entry_point():
+ """
+ Entry point for Array API implementation can be found with importlib and
+ returns the numpy.array_api namespace.
+ """
+ # For a development install that did not go through meson-python,
+ # the entrypoint will not have been installed. So ensure this test fails
+ # only if numpy is inside site-packages.
+ numpy_in_sitepackages = sysconfig.get_path('platlib') in np.__file__
+
+ eps = importlib.metadata.entry_points()
+ try:
+ xp_eps = eps.select(group="array_api")
+ except AttributeError:
+ # The select interface for entry_points was introduced in py3.10,
+ # deprecating its dict interface. We fallback to dict keys for finding
+ # Array API entry points so that running this test in <=3.9 will
+ # still work - see https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/19800.
+ xp_eps = eps.get("array_api", [])
+ if len(xp_eps) == 0:
+ if numpy_in_sitepackages:
+ msg = "No entry points for 'array_api' found"
+ raise AssertionError(msg) from None
+ return
+
+ try:
+ ep = next(ep for ep in xp_eps if ep.name == "numpy")
+ except StopIteration:
+ if numpy_in_sitepackages:
+ msg = "'numpy' not in array_api entry points"
+ raise AssertionError(msg) from None
+ return
+
+ xp = ep.load()
+ msg = (
+ f"numpy entry point value '{ep.value}' "
+ "does not point to our Array API implementation"
+ )
+ assert xp is numpy.array_api, msg
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", [
+ 'ModuleDeprecationWarning', 'VisibleDeprecationWarning',
+ 'ComplexWarning', 'TooHardError', 'AxisError'])
+def test_moved_exceptions(name):
+ # These were moved to the exceptions namespace, but currently still
+ # available
+ assert name in np.__all__
+ assert name not in np.__dir__()
+ # Fetching works, but __module__ is set correctly:
+ assert getattr(np, name).__module__ == "numpy.exceptions"
+ assert name in np.exceptions.__all__
+ getattr(np.exceptions, name)