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+# Table of Contents Extension for Python-Markdown
+# ===============================================
+
+# See https://Python-Markdown.github.io/extensions/toc
+# for documentation.
+
+# Original code Copyright 2008 [Jack Miller](https://codezen.org/)
+
+# All changes Copyright 2008-2024 The Python Markdown Project
+
+# License: [BSD](https://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php)
+
+"""
+Add table of contents support to Python-Markdown.
+
+See the [documentation](https://Python-Markdown.github.io/extensions/toc)
+for details.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from . import Extension
+from ..treeprocessors import Treeprocessor
+from ..util import parseBoolValue, AMP_SUBSTITUTE, deprecated, HTML_PLACEHOLDER_RE, AtomicString
+from ..treeprocessors import UnescapeTreeprocessor
+from ..serializers import RE_AMP
+import re
+import html
+import unicodedata
+from copy import deepcopy
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Iterator, MutableSet
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from markdown import Markdown
+
+
+def slugify(value: str, separator: str, unicode: bool = False) -> str:
+    """ Slugify a string, to make it URL friendly. """
+    if not unicode:
+        # Replace Extended Latin characters with ASCII, i.e. `žlutý` => `zluty`
+        value = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', value)
+        value = value.encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii')
+    value = re.sub(r'[^\w\s-]', '', value).strip().lower()
+    return re.sub(r'[{}\s]+'.format(separator), separator, value)
+
+
+def slugify_unicode(value: str, separator: str) -> str:
+    """ Slugify a string, to make it URL friendly while preserving Unicode characters. """
+    return slugify(value, separator, unicode=True)
+
+
+IDCOUNT_RE = re.compile(r'^(.*)_([0-9]+)$')
+
+
+def unique(id: str, ids: MutableSet[str]) -> str:
+    """ Ensure id is unique in set of ids. Append '_1', '_2'... if not """
+    while id in ids or not id:
+        m = IDCOUNT_RE.match(id)
+        if m:
+            id = '%s_%d' % (m.group(1), int(m.group(2))+1)
+        else:
+            id = '%s_%d' % (id, 1)
+    ids.add(id)
+    return id
+
+
+@deprecated('Use `render_inner_html` and `striptags` instead.')
+def get_name(el: etree.Element) -> str:
+    """Get title name."""
+
+    text = []
+    for c in el.itertext():
+        if isinstance(c, AtomicString):
+            text.append(html.unescape(c))
+        else:
+            text.append(c)
+    return ''.join(text).strip()
+
+
+@deprecated('Use `run_postprocessors`, `render_inner_html` and/or `striptags` instead.')
+def stashedHTML2text(text: str, md: Markdown, strip_entities: bool = True) -> str:
+    """ Extract raw HTML from stash, reduce to plain text and swap with placeholder. """
+    def _html_sub(m: re.Match[str]) -> str:
+        """ Substitute raw html with plain text. """
+        try:
+            raw = md.htmlStash.rawHtmlBlocks[int(m.group(1))]
+        except (IndexError, TypeError):  # pragma: no cover
+            return m.group(0)
+        # Strip out tags and/or entities - leaving text
+        res = re.sub(r'(<[^>]+>)', '', raw)
+        if strip_entities:
+            res = re.sub(r'(&[\#a-zA-Z0-9]+;)', '', res)
+        return res
+
+    return HTML_PLACEHOLDER_RE.sub(_html_sub, text)
+
+
+def unescape(text: str) -> str:
+    """ Unescape Markdown backslash escaped text. """
+    c = UnescapeTreeprocessor()
+    return c.unescape(text)
+
+
+def strip_tags(text: str) -> str:
+    """ Strip HTML tags and return plain text. Note: HTML entities are unaffected. """
+    # A comment could contain a tag, so strip comments first
+    while (start := text.find('<!--')) != -1 and (end := text.find('-->', start)) != -1:
+        text = f'{text[:start]}{text[end + 3:]}'
+
+    while (start := text.find('<')) != -1 and (end := text.find('>', start)) != -1:
+        text = f'{text[:start]}{text[end + 1:]}'
+
+    # Collapse whitespace
+    text = ' '.join(text.split())
+    return text
+
+
+def escape_cdata(text: str) -> str:
+    """ Escape character data. """
+    if "&" in text:
+        # Only replace & when not part of an entity
+        text = RE_AMP.sub('&amp;', text)
+    if "<" in text:
+        text = text.replace("<", "&lt;")
+    if ">" in text:
+        text = text.replace(">", "&gt;")
+    return text
+
+
+def run_postprocessors(text: str, md: Markdown) -> str:
+    """ Run postprocessors from Markdown instance on text. """
+    for pp in md.postprocessors:
+        text = pp.run(text)
+    return text.strip()
+
+
+def render_inner_html(el: etree.Element, md: Markdown) -> str:
+    """ Fully render inner html of an `etree` element as a string. """
+    # The `UnescapeTreeprocessor` runs after `toc` extension so run here.
+    text = unescape(md.serializer(el))
+
+    # strip parent tag
+    start = text.index('>') + 1
+    end = text.rindex('<')
+    text = text[start:end].strip()
+
+    return run_postprocessors(text, md)
+
+
+def remove_fnrefs(root: etree.Element) -> etree.Element:
+    """ Remove footnote references from a copy of the element, if any are present. """
+    # Remove footnote references, which look like this: `<sup id="fnref:1">...</sup>`.
+    # If there are no `sup` elements, then nothing to do.
+    if next(root.iter('sup'), None) is None:
+        return root
+    root = deepcopy(root)
+    # Find parent elements that contain `sup` elements.
+    for parent in root.findall('.//sup/..'):
+        carry_text = ""
+        for child in reversed(parent):  # Reversed for the ability to mutate during iteration.
+            # Remove matching footnote references but carry any `tail` text to preceding elements.
+            if child.tag == 'sup' and child.get('id', '').startswith('fnref'):
+                carry_text = f'{child.tail or ""}{carry_text}'
+                parent.remove(child)
+            elif carry_text:
+                child.tail = f'{child.tail or ""}{carry_text}'
+                carry_text = ""
+        if carry_text:
+            parent.text = f'{parent.text or ""}{carry_text}'
+    return root
+
+
+def nest_toc_tokens(toc_list):
+    """Given an unsorted list with errors and skips, return a nested one.
+
+        [{'level': 1}, {'level': 2}]
+        =>
+        [{'level': 1, 'children': [{'level': 2, 'children': []}]}]
+
+    A wrong list is also converted:
+
+        [{'level': 2}, {'level': 1}]
+        =>
+        [{'level': 2, 'children': []}, {'level': 1, 'children': []}]
+    """
+
+    ordered_list = []
+    if len(toc_list):
+        # Initialize everything by processing the first entry
+        last = toc_list.pop(0)
+        last['children'] = []
+        levels = [last['level']]
+        ordered_list.append(last)
+        parents = []
+
+        # Walk the rest nesting the entries properly
+        while toc_list:
+            t = toc_list.pop(0)
+            current_level = t['level']
+            t['children'] = []
+
+            # Reduce depth if current level < last item's level
+            if current_level < levels[-1]:
+                # Pop last level since we know we are less than it
+                levels.pop()
+
+                # Pop parents and levels we are less than or equal to
+                to_pop = 0
+                for p in reversed(parents):
+                    if current_level <= p['level']:
+                        to_pop += 1
+                    else:  # pragma: no cover
+                        break
+                if to_pop:
+                    levels = levels[:-to_pop]
+                    parents = parents[:-to_pop]
+
+                # Note current level as last
+                levels.append(current_level)
+
+            # Level is the same, so append to
+            # the current parent (if available)
+            if current_level == levels[-1]:
+                (parents[-1]['children'] if parents
+                 else ordered_list).append(t)
+
+            # Current level is > last item's level,
+            # So make last item a parent and append current as child
+            else:
+                last['children'].append(t)
+                parents.append(last)
+                levels.append(current_level)
+            last = t
+
+    return ordered_list
+
+
+class TocTreeprocessor(Treeprocessor):
+    """ Step through document and build TOC. """
+
+    def __init__(self, md: Markdown, config: dict[str, Any]):
+        super().__init__(md)
+
+        self.marker: str = config["marker"]
+        self.title: str = config["title"]
+        self.base_level = int(config["baselevel"]) - 1
+        self.slugify = config["slugify"]
+        self.sep = config["separator"]
+        self.toc_class = config["toc_class"]
+        self.title_class: str = config["title_class"]
+        self.use_anchors: bool = parseBoolValue(config["anchorlink"])
+        self.anchorlink_class: str = config["anchorlink_class"]
+        self.use_permalinks = parseBoolValue(config["permalink"], False)
+        if self.use_permalinks is None:
+            self.use_permalinks = config["permalink"]
+        self.permalink_class: str = config["permalink_class"]
+        self.permalink_title: str = config["permalink_title"]
+        self.permalink_leading: bool | None = parseBoolValue(config["permalink_leading"], False)
+        self.header_rgx = re.compile("[Hh][123456]")
+        if isinstance(config["toc_depth"], str) and '-' in config["toc_depth"]:
+            self.toc_top, self.toc_bottom = [int(x) for x in config["toc_depth"].split('-')]
+        else:
+            self.toc_top = 1
+            self.toc_bottom = int(config["toc_depth"])
+
+    def iterparent(self, node: etree.Element) -> Iterator[tuple[etree.Element, etree.Element]]:
+        """ Iterator wrapper to get allowed parent and child all at once. """
+
+        # We do not allow the marker inside a header as that
+        # would causes an endless loop of placing a new TOC
+        # inside previously generated TOC.
+        for child in node:
+            if not self.header_rgx.match(child.tag) and child.tag not in ['pre', 'code']:
+                yield node, child
+                yield from self.iterparent(child)
+
+    def replace_marker(self, root: etree.Element, elem: etree.Element) -> None:
+        """ Replace marker with elem. """
+        for (p, c) in self.iterparent(root):
+            text = ''.join(c.itertext()).strip()
+            if not text:
+                continue
+
+            # To keep the output from screwing up the
+            # validation by putting a `<div>` inside of a `<p>`
+            # we actually replace the `<p>` in its entirety.
+
+            # The `<p>` element may contain more than a single text content
+            # (`nl2br` can introduce a `<br>`). In this situation, `c.text` returns
+            # the very first content, ignore children contents or tail content.
+            # `len(c) == 0` is here to ensure there is only text in the `<p>`.
+            if c.text and c.text.strip() == self.marker and len(c) == 0:
+                for i in range(len(p)):
+                    if p[i] == c:
+                        p[i] = elem
+                        break
+
+    def set_level(self, elem: etree.Element) -> None:
+        """ Adjust header level according to base level. """
+        level = int(elem.tag[-1]) + self.base_level
+        if level > 6:
+            level = 6
+        elem.tag = 'h%d' % level
+
+    def add_anchor(self, c: etree.Element, elem_id: str) -> None:
+        anchor = etree.Element("a")
+        anchor.text = c.text
+        anchor.attrib["href"] = "#" + elem_id
+        anchor.attrib["class"] = self.anchorlink_class
+        c.text = ""
+        for elem in c:
+            anchor.append(elem)
+        while len(c):
+            c.remove(c[0])
+        c.append(anchor)
+
+    def add_permalink(self, c: etree.Element, elem_id: str) -> None:
+        permalink = etree.Element("a")
+        permalink.text = ("%spara;" % AMP_SUBSTITUTE
+                          if self.use_permalinks is True
+                          else self.use_permalinks)
+        permalink.attrib["href"] = "#" + elem_id
+        permalink.attrib["class"] = self.permalink_class
+        if self.permalink_title:
+            permalink.attrib["title"] = self.permalink_title
+        if self.permalink_leading:
+            permalink.tail = c.text
+            c.text = ""
+            c.insert(0, permalink)
+        else:
+            c.append(permalink)
+
+    def build_toc_div(self, toc_list: list) -> etree.Element:
+        """ Return a string div given a toc list. """
+        div = etree.Element("div")
+        div.attrib["class"] = self.toc_class
+
+        # Add title to the div
+        if self.title:
+            header = etree.SubElement(div, "span")
+            if self.title_class:
+                header.attrib["class"] = self.title_class
+            header.text = self.title
+
+        def build_etree_ul(toc_list: list, parent: etree.Element) -> etree.Element:
+            ul = etree.SubElement(parent, "ul")
+            for item in toc_list:
+                # List item link, to be inserted into the toc div
+                li = etree.SubElement(ul, "li")
+                link = etree.SubElement(li, "a")
+                link.text = item.get('name', '')
+                link.attrib["href"] = '#' + item.get('id', '')
+                if item['children']:
+                    build_etree_ul(item['children'], li)
+            return ul
+
+        build_etree_ul(toc_list, div)
+
+        if 'prettify' in self.md.treeprocessors:
+            self.md.treeprocessors['prettify'].run(div)
+
+        return div
+
+    def run(self, doc: etree.Element) -> None:
+        # Get a list of id attributes
+        used_ids = set()
+        for el in doc.iter():
+            if "id" in el.attrib:
+                used_ids.add(el.attrib["id"])
+
+        toc_tokens = []
+        for el in doc.iter():
+            if isinstance(el.tag, str) and self.header_rgx.match(el.tag):
+                self.set_level(el)
+                innerhtml = render_inner_html(remove_fnrefs(el), self.md)
+                name = strip_tags(innerhtml)
+
+                # Do not override pre-existing ids
+                if "id" not in el.attrib:
+                    el.attrib["id"] = unique(self.slugify(html.unescape(name), self.sep), used_ids)
+
+                data_toc_label = ''
+                if 'data-toc-label' in el.attrib:
+                    data_toc_label = run_postprocessors(unescape(el.attrib['data-toc-label']), self.md)
+                    # Overwrite name with sanitized value of `data-toc-label`.
+                    name = escape_cdata(strip_tags(data_toc_label))
+                    # Remove the data-toc-label attribute as it is no longer needed
+                    del el.attrib['data-toc-label']
+
+                if int(el.tag[-1]) >= self.toc_top and int(el.tag[-1]) <= self.toc_bottom:
+                    toc_tokens.append({
+                        'level': int(el.tag[-1]),
+                        'id': el.attrib["id"],
+                        'name': name,
+                        'html': innerhtml,
+                        'data-toc-label': data_toc_label
+                    })
+
+                if self.use_anchors:
+                    self.add_anchor(el, el.attrib["id"])
+                if self.use_permalinks not in [False, None]:
+                    self.add_permalink(el, el.attrib["id"])
+
+        toc_tokens = nest_toc_tokens(toc_tokens)
+        div = self.build_toc_div(toc_tokens)
+        if self.marker:
+            self.replace_marker(doc, div)
+
+        # serialize and attach to markdown instance.
+        toc = self.md.serializer(div)
+        for pp in self.md.postprocessors:
+            toc = pp.run(toc)
+        self.md.toc_tokens = toc_tokens
+        self.md.toc = toc
+
+
+class TocExtension(Extension):
+
+    TreeProcessorClass = TocTreeprocessor
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.config = {
+            'marker': [
+                '[TOC]',
+                'Text to find and replace with Table of Contents. Set to an empty string to disable. '
+                'Default: `[TOC]`.'
+            ],
+            'title': [
+                '', 'Title to insert into TOC `<div>`. Default: an empty string.'
+            ],
+            'title_class': [
+                'toctitle', 'CSS class used for the title. Default: `toctitle`.'
+            ],
+            'toc_class': [
+                'toc', 'CSS class(es) used for the link. Default: `toclink`.'
+            ],
+            'anchorlink': [
+                False, 'True if header should be a self link. Default: `False`.'
+            ],
+            'anchorlink_class': [
+                'toclink', 'CSS class(es) used for the link. Defaults: `toclink`.'
+            ],
+            'permalink': [
+                0, 'True or link text if a Sphinx-style permalink should be added. Default: `False`.'
+            ],
+            'permalink_class': [
+                'headerlink', 'CSS class(es) used for the link. Default: `headerlink`.'
+            ],
+            'permalink_title': [
+                'Permanent link', 'Title attribute of the permalink. Default: `Permanent link`.'
+            ],
+            'permalink_leading': [
+                False,
+                'True if permalinks should be placed at start of the header, rather than end. Default: False.'
+            ],
+            'baselevel': ['1', 'Base level for headers. Default: `1`.'],
+            'slugify': [
+                slugify, 'Function to generate anchors based on header text. Default: `slugify`.'
+            ],
+            'separator': ['-', 'Word separator. Default: `-`.'],
+            'toc_depth': [
+                6,
+                'Define the range of section levels to include in the Table of Contents. A single integer '
+                '(b) defines the bottom section level (<h1>..<hb>) only. A string consisting of two digits '
+                'separated by a hyphen in between (`2-5`) defines the top (t) and the bottom (b) (<ht>..<hb>). '
+                'Default: `6` (bottom).'
+            ],
+        }
+        """ Default configuration options. """
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def extendMarkdown(self, md):
+        """ Add TOC tree processor to Markdown. """
+        md.registerExtension(self)
+        self.md = md
+        self.reset()
+        tocext = self.TreeProcessorClass(md, self.getConfigs())
+        md.treeprocessors.register(tocext, 'toc', 5)
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self.md.toc = ''
+        self.md.toc_tokens = []
+
+
+def makeExtension(**kwargs):  # pragma: no cover
+    return TocExtension(**kwargs)