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+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import BytesIO
+from unittest import TestCase, mock
+import importlib.metadata
+import json
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib.request
+
+import referencing.exceptions
+
+from jsonschema import FormatChecker, exceptions, protocols, validators
+
+
+class TestDeprecations(TestCase):
+    def test_version(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, __version__ is deprecated in favor of importlib.metadata.
+        """
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.__version__ is deprecated"
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import __version__
+
+        self.assertEqual(__version__, importlib.metadata.version("jsonschema"))
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_validators_ErrorTree(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, importing ErrorTree from jsonschema.validators is
+        deprecated in favor of doing so from jsonschema.exceptions.
+        """
+
+        message = "Importing ErrorTree from jsonschema.validators is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema.validators import ErrorTree
+
+        self.assertEqual(ErrorTree, exceptions.ErrorTree)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_import_ErrorTree(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.18.0, importing ErrorTree from the package root is
+        deprecated in favor of doing so from jsonschema.exceptions.
+        """
+
+        message = "Importing ErrorTree directly from the jsonschema package "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import ErrorTree
+
+        self.assertEqual(ErrorTree, exceptions.ErrorTree)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_ErrorTree_setitem(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.20.0, setting items on an ErrorTree is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        e = exceptions.ValidationError("some error", path=["foo"])
+        tree = exceptions.ErrorTree()
+        subtree = exceptions.ErrorTree(errors=[e])
+
+        message = "ErrorTree.__setitem__ is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            tree["foo"] = subtree
+
+        self.assertEqual(tree["foo"], subtree)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_import_FormatError(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.18.0, importing FormatError from the package root is
+        deprecated in favor of doing so from jsonschema.exceptions.
+        """
+
+        message = "Importing FormatError directly from the jsonschema package "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import FormatError
+
+        self.assertEqual(FormatError, exceptions.FormatError)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_import_Validator(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.19.0, importing Validator from the package root is
+        deprecated in favor of doing so from jsonschema.protocols.
+        """
+
+        message = "Importing Validator directly from the jsonschema package "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import Validator
+
+        self.assertEqual(Validator, protocols.Validator)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_validators_validators(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, accessing jsonschema.validators.validators is
+        deprecated.
+        """
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.validators.validators is deprecated"
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            value = validators.validators
+
+        self.assertEqual(value, validators._VALIDATORS)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_validators_meta_schemas(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, accessing jsonschema.validators.meta_schemas is
+        deprecated.
+        """
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.validators.meta_schemas is deprecated"
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            value = validators.meta_schemas
+
+        self.assertEqual(value, validators._META_SCHEMAS)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_RefResolver_in_scope(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, RefResolver.in_scope is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        resolver = validators._RefResolver.from_schema({})
+        message = "jsonschema.RefResolver.in_scope is deprecated "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:  # noqa: SIM117
+            with resolver.in_scope("foo"):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_Validator_is_valid_two_arguments(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, calling is_valid with two arguments (to provide a
+        different schema) is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        validator = validators.Draft7Validator({})
+        message = "Passing a schema to Validator.is_valid is deprecated "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            result = validator.is_valid("foo", {"type": "number"})
+
+        self.assertFalse(result)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_Validator_iter_errors_two_arguments(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.0.0, calling iter_errors with two arguments (to provide a
+        different schema) is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        validator = validators.Draft7Validator({})
+        message = "Passing a schema to Validator.iter_errors is deprecated "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            error, = validator.iter_errors("foo", {"type": "number"})
+
+        self.assertEqual(error.validator, "type")
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_Validator_resolver(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.18.0, accessing Validator.resolver is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        validator = validators.Draft7Validator({})
+        message = "Accessing Draft7Validator.resolver is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            self.assertIsInstance(validator.resolver, validators._RefResolver)
+
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_RefResolver(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.18.0, RefResolver is fully deprecated.
+        """
+
+        message = "jsonschema.RefResolver is deprecated"
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import RefResolver
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema.validators import RefResolver  # noqa: F401, F811
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_RefResolutionError(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.18.0, RefResolutionError is deprecated in favor of directly
+        catching errors from the referencing library.
+        """
+
+        message = "jsonschema.exceptions.RefResolutionError is deprecated"
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import RefResolutionError
+
+        self.assertEqual(RefResolutionError, exceptions._RefResolutionError)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema.exceptions import RefResolutionError
+
+        self.assertEqual(RefResolutionError, exceptions._RefResolutionError)
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_catching_Unresolvable_directly(self):
+        """
+        This behavior is the intended behavior (i.e. it's not deprecated), but
+        given we do "tricksy" things in the iterim to wrap exceptions in a
+        multiple inheritance subclass, we need to be extra sure it works and
+        stays working.
+        """
+        validator = validators.Draft202012Validator({"$ref": "urn:nothing"})
+
+        with self.assertRaises(referencing.exceptions.Unresolvable) as e:
+            validator.validate(12)
+
+        expected = referencing.exceptions.Unresolvable(ref="urn:nothing")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (e.exception, str(e.exception)),
+            (expected, "Unresolvable: urn:nothing"),
+        )
+
+    def test_catching_Unresolvable_via_RefResolutionError(self):
+        """
+        Until RefResolutionError is removed, it is still possible to catch
+        exceptions from reference resolution using it, even though they may
+        have been raised by referencing.
+        """
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            from jsonschema import RefResolutionError
+
+        validator = validators.Draft202012Validator({"$ref": "urn:nothing"})
+
+        with self.assertRaises(referencing.exceptions.Unresolvable) as u:
+            validator.validate(12)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(RefResolutionError) as e:
+            validator.validate(12)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (e.exception, str(e.exception)),
+            (u.exception, "Unresolvable: urn:nothing"),
+        )
+
+    def test_WrappedReferencingError_hashability(self):
+        """
+        Ensure the wrapped referencing errors are hashable when possible.
+        """
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            from jsonschema import RefResolutionError
+
+        validator = validators.Draft202012Validator({"$ref": "urn:nothing"})
+
+        with self.assertRaises(referencing.exceptions.Unresolvable) as u:
+            validator.validate(12)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(RefResolutionError) as e:
+            validator.validate(12)
+
+        self.assertIn(e.exception, {u.exception})
+        self.assertIn(u.exception, {e.exception})
+
+    def test_Validator_subclassing(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.12.0, subclassing a validator class produces an explicit
+        deprecation warning.
+
+        This was never intended to be public API (and some comments over the
+        years in issues said so, but obviously that's not a great way to make
+        sure it's followed).
+
+        A future version will explicitly raise an error.
+        """
+
+        message = "Subclassing validator classes is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            class Subclass(validators.Draft202012Validator):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            class AnotherSubclass(validators.create(meta_schema={})):
+                pass
+
+    def test_FormatChecker_cls_checks(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.14.0, FormatChecker.cls_checks is deprecated without
+        replacement.
+        """
+
+        self.addCleanup(FormatChecker.checkers.pop, "boom", None)
+
+        message = "FormatChecker.cls_checks "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            FormatChecker.cls_checks("boom")
+
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+    def test_draftN_format_checker(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.16.0, accessing jsonschema.draftn_format_checker is deprecated
+        in favor of Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER.
+        """
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft202012_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft202012_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft202012_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft202012Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft201909_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft201909_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft201909_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft201909Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft7_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft7_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft7_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft7Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft6_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft6_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft6_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft6Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft4_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft4_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft4_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft4Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        message = "Accessing jsonschema.draft3_format_checker is "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            from jsonschema import draft3_format_checker
+
+        self.assertIs(
+            draft3_format_checker,
+            validators.Draft3Validator.FORMAT_CHECKER,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, __file__)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            from jsonschema import draft1234_format_checker  # noqa: F401
+
+    def test_import_cli(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.17.0, importing jsonschema.cli is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        message = "The jsonschema CLI is deprecated and will be removed "
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message) as w:
+            import jsonschema.cli
+            importlib.reload(jsonschema.cli)
+
+        self.assertEqual(w.filename, importlib.__file__)
+
+    def test_cli(self):
+        """
+        As of v4.17.0, the jsonschema CLI is deprecated.
+        """
+
+        process = subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, "-m", "jsonschema"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(b"The jsonschema CLI is deprecated ", process.stderr)
+
+    def test_automatic_remote_retrieval(self):
+        """
+        Automatic retrieval of remote references is deprecated as of v4.18.0.
+        """
+        ref = "http://bar#/$defs/baz"
+        schema = {"$defs": {"baz": {"type": "integer"}}}
+
+        if "requests" in sys.modules:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.addCleanup(
+                sys.modules.__setitem__, "requests", sys.modules["requests"],
+            )
+        sys.modules["requests"] = None
+
+        @contextmanager
+        def fake_urlopen(request):
+            self.assertIsInstance(request, urllib.request.Request)
+            self.assertEqual(request.full_url, "http://bar")
+
+            # Ha ha urllib.request.Request "normalizes" header names and
+            # Request.get_header does not also normalize them...
+            (header, value), = request.header_items()
+            self.assertEqual(header.lower(), "user-agent")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                value, "python-jsonschema (deprecated $ref resolution)",
+            )
+            yield BytesIO(json.dumps(schema).encode("utf8"))
+
+        validator = validators.Draft202012Validator({"$ref": ref})
+
+        message = "Automatically retrieving remote references "
+        patch = mock.patch.object(urllib.request, "urlopen", new=fake_urlopen)
+
+        with patch, self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, message):
+            self.assertEqual(
+                (validator.is_valid({}), validator.is_valid(37)),
+                (False, True),
+            )