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+import pickle
+
+from apscheduler.job import Job
+from apscheduler.jobstores.base import BaseJobStore, ConflictingIdError, JobLookupError
+from apscheduler.util import (
+ datetime_to_utc_timestamp,
+ maybe_ref,
+ utc_timestamp_to_datetime,
+)
+
+try:
+ from sqlalchemy import (
+ Column,
+ Float,
+ LargeBinary,
+ MetaData,
+ Table,
+ Unicode,
+ and_,
+ create_engine,
+ select,
+ )
+ from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
+ from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import null
+except ImportError as exc: # pragma: nocover
+ raise ImportError("SQLAlchemyJobStore requires SQLAlchemy installed") from exc
+
+
+class SQLAlchemyJobStore(BaseJobStore):
+ """
+ Stores jobs in a database table using SQLAlchemy.
+ The table will be created if it doesn't exist in the database.
+
+ Plugin alias: ``sqlalchemy``
+
+ :param str url: connection string (see
+ :ref:`SQLAlchemy documentation <sqlalchemy:database_urls>` on this)
+ :param engine: an SQLAlchemy :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Engine` to use instead of creating a
+ new one based on ``url``
+ :param str tablename: name of the table to store jobs in
+ :param metadata: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` instance to use instead of creating a
+ new one
+ :param int pickle_protocol: pickle protocol level to use (for serialization), defaults to the
+ highest available
+ :param str tableschema: name of the (existing) schema in the target database where the table
+ should be
+ :param dict engine_options: keyword arguments to :func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine`
+ (ignored if ``engine`` is given)
+ """
+
+ def __init__(
+ self,
+ url=None,
+ engine=None,
+ tablename="apscheduler_jobs",
+ metadata=None,
+ pickle_protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL,
+ tableschema=None,
+ engine_options=None,
+ ):
+ super().__init__()
+ self.pickle_protocol = pickle_protocol
+ metadata = maybe_ref(metadata) or MetaData()
+
+ if engine:
+ self.engine = maybe_ref(engine)
+ elif url:
+ self.engine = create_engine(url, **(engine_options or {}))
+ else:
+ raise ValueError('Need either "engine" or "url" defined')
+
+ # 191 = max key length in MySQL for InnoDB/utf8mb4 tables,
+ # 25 = precision that translates to an 8-byte float
+ self.jobs_t = Table(
+ tablename,
+ metadata,
+ Column("id", Unicode(191), primary_key=True),
+ Column("next_run_time", Float(25), index=True),
+ Column("job_state", LargeBinary, nullable=False),
+ schema=tableschema,
+ )
+
+ def start(self, scheduler, alias):
+ super().start(scheduler, alias)
+ self.jobs_t.create(self.engine, True)
+
+ def lookup_job(self, job_id):
+ selectable = select(self.jobs_t.c.job_state).where(self.jobs_t.c.id == job_id)
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ job_state = connection.execute(selectable).scalar()
+ return self._reconstitute_job(job_state) if job_state else None
+
+ def get_due_jobs(self, now):
+ timestamp = datetime_to_utc_timestamp(now)
+ return self._get_jobs(self.jobs_t.c.next_run_time <= timestamp)
+
+ def get_next_run_time(self):
+ selectable = (
+ select(self.jobs_t.c.next_run_time)
+ .where(self.jobs_t.c.next_run_time != null())
+ .order_by(self.jobs_t.c.next_run_time)
+ .limit(1)
+ )
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ next_run_time = connection.execute(selectable).scalar()
+ return utc_timestamp_to_datetime(next_run_time)
+
+ def get_all_jobs(self):
+ jobs = self._get_jobs()
+ self._fix_paused_jobs_sorting(jobs)
+ return jobs
+
+ def add_job(self, job):
+ insert = self.jobs_t.insert().values(
+ **{
+ "id": job.id,
+ "next_run_time": datetime_to_utc_timestamp(job.next_run_time),
+ "job_state": pickle.dumps(job.__getstate__(), self.pickle_protocol),
+ }
+ )
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ try:
+ connection.execute(insert)
+ except IntegrityError:
+ raise ConflictingIdError(job.id)
+
+ def update_job(self, job):
+ update = (
+ self.jobs_t.update()
+ .values(
+ **{
+ "next_run_time": datetime_to_utc_timestamp(job.next_run_time),
+ "job_state": pickle.dumps(job.__getstate__(), self.pickle_protocol),
+ }
+ )
+ .where(self.jobs_t.c.id == job.id)
+ )
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ result = connection.execute(update)
+ if result.rowcount == 0:
+ raise JobLookupError(job.id)
+
+ def remove_job(self, job_id):
+ delete = self.jobs_t.delete().where(self.jobs_t.c.id == job_id)
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ result = connection.execute(delete)
+ if result.rowcount == 0:
+ raise JobLookupError(job_id)
+
+ def remove_all_jobs(self):
+ delete = self.jobs_t.delete()
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ connection.execute(delete)
+
+ def shutdown(self):
+ self.engine.dispose()
+
+ def _reconstitute_job(self, job_state):
+ job_state = pickle.loads(job_state)
+ job_state["jobstore"] = self
+ job = Job.__new__(Job)
+ job.__setstate__(job_state)
+ job._scheduler = self._scheduler
+ job._jobstore_alias = self._alias
+ return job
+
+ def _get_jobs(self, *conditions):
+ jobs = []
+ selectable = select(self.jobs_t.c.id, self.jobs_t.c.job_state).order_by(
+ self.jobs_t.c.next_run_time
+ )
+ selectable = selectable.where(and_(*conditions)) if conditions else selectable
+ failed_job_ids = set()
+ with self.engine.begin() as connection:
+ for row in connection.execute(selectable):
+ try:
+ jobs.append(self._reconstitute_job(row.job_state))
+ except BaseException:
+ self._logger.exception(
+ 'Unable to restore job "%s" -- removing it', row.id
+ )
+ failed_job_ids.add(row.id)
+
+ # Remove all the jobs we failed to restore
+ if failed_job_ids:
+ delete = self.jobs_t.delete().where(
+ self.jobs_t.c.id.in_(failed_job_ids)
+ )
+ connection.execute(delete)
+
+ return jobs
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} (url={self.engine.url})>"