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+# Copyright (c) 2006, Mathieu Fenniak
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import codecs
+import decimal
+import hashlib
+import re
+from binascii import unhexlify
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from .._codecs import _pdfdoc_encoding_rev
+from .._protocols import PdfObjectProtocol, PdfWriterProtocol
+from .._utils import (
+    StreamType,
+    b_,
+    deprecation_with_replacement,
+    hex_str,
+    hexencode,
+    logger_warning,
+    read_non_whitespace,
+    read_until_regex,
+    str_,
+)
+from ..errors import STREAM_TRUNCATED_PREMATURELY, PdfReadError, PdfStreamError
+
+__author__ = "Mathieu Fenniak"
+__author_email__ = "biziqe@mathieu.fenniak.net"
+
+
+class PdfObject(PdfObjectProtocol):
+    # function for calculating a hash value
+    hash_func: Callable[..., "hashlib._Hash"] = hashlib.sha1
+    indirect_reference: Optional["IndirectObject"]
+
+    def hash_value_data(self) -> bytes:
+        return ("%s" % self).encode()
+
+    def hash_value(self) -> bytes:
+        return (
+            "%s:%s"
+            % (
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                self.hash_func(self.hash_value_data()).hexdigest(),
+            )
+        ).encode()
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "PdfObject":
+        """
+        clone object into pdf_dest (PdfWriterProtocol which is an interface for PdfWriter)
+        force_duplicate: in standard if the object has been already cloned and reference,
+                         the copy is returned; when force_duplicate == True, a new copy is always performed
+        ignore_fields : list/tuple of Fields names (for dictionaries that will be ignored during cloning (apply also to childs duplication)
+        in standard, clone function call _reference_clone (see _reference)
+        """
+        raise Exception("clone PdfObject")
+
+    def _reference_clone(
+        self, clone: Any, pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol
+    ) -> PdfObjectProtocol:
+        """
+        reference the object within the _objects of pdf_dest only if
+        indirect_reference attribute exists (which means the objects
+        was already identified in xref/xobjstm)
+        if object has been already referenced do nothing
+        """
+        try:
+            if clone.indirect_reference.pdf == pdf_dest:
+                return clone
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        if hasattr(self, "indirect_reference"):
+            ind = self.indirect_reference
+            i = len(pdf_dest._objects) + 1
+            if ind is not None:
+                if id(ind.pdf) not in pdf_dest._id_translated:
+                    pdf_dest._id_translated[id(ind.pdf)] = {}
+                if ind.idnum in pdf_dest._id_translated[id(ind.pdf)]:
+                    obj = pdf_dest.get_object(
+                        pdf_dest._id_translated[id(ind.pdf)][ind.idnum]
+                    )
+                    assert obj is not None
+                    return obj
+                pdf_dest._id_translated[id(ind.pdf)][ind.idnum] = i
+            pdf_dest._objects.append(clone)
+            clone.indirect_reference = IndirectObject(i, 0, pdf_dest)
+        return clone
+
+    def get_object(self) -> Optional["PdfObject"]:
+        """Resolve indirect references."""
+        return self
+
+    def getObject(self) -> Optional["PdfObject"]:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("getObject", "get_object", "3.0.0")
+        return self.get_object()
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class NullObject(PdfObject):
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "NullObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast("NullObject", self._reference_clone(NullObject(), pdf_dest))
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        stream.write(b"null")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_from_stream(stream: StreamType) -> "NullObject":
+        nulltxt = stream.read(4)
+        if nulltxt != b"null":
+            raise PdfReadError("Could not read Null object")
+        return NullObject()
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "NullObject"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readFromStream(stream: StreamType) -> "NullObject":  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("readFromStream", "read_from_stream", "3.0.0")
+        return NullObject.read_from_stream(stream)
+
+
+class BooleanObject(PdfObject):
+    def __init__(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "BooleanObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast(
+            "BooleanObject", self._reference_clone(BooleanObject(self.value), pdf_dest)
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, __o: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(__o, BooleanObject):
+            return self.value == __o.value
+        elif isinstance(__o, bool):
+            return self.value == __o
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "True" if self.value else "False"
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.value:
+            stream.write(b"true")
+        else:
+            stream.write(b"false")
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_from_stream(stream: StreamType) -> "BooleanObject":
+        word = stream.read(4)
+        if word == b"true":
+            return BooleanObject(True)
+        elif word == b"fals":
+            stream.read(1)
+            return BooleanObject(False)
+        else:
+            raise PdfReadError("Could not read Boolean object")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readFromStream(stream: StreamType) -> "BooleanObject":  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("readFromStream", "read_from_stream", "3.0.0")
+        return BooleanObject.read_from_stream(stream)
+
+
+class IndirectObject(PdfObject):
+    def __init__(self, idnum: int, generation: int, pdf: Any) -> None:  # PdfReader
+        self.idnum = idnum
+        self.generation = generation
+        self.pdf = pdf
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "IndirectObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        if self.pdf == pdf_dest and not force_duplicate:
+            # Already duplicated and no extra duplication required
+            return self
+        if id(self.pdf) not in pdf_dest._id_translated:
+            pdf_dest._id_translated[id(self.pdf)] = {}
+
+        if not force_duplicate and self.idnum in pdf_dest._id_translated[id(self.pdf)]:
+            dup = pdf_dest.get_object(pdf_dest._id_translated[id(self.pdf)][self.idnum])
+        else:
+            obj = self.get_object()
+            assert obj is not None
+            dup = obj.clone(pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+        assert dup is not None
+        assert dup.indirect_reference is not None
+        return dup.indirect_reference
+
+    @property
+    def indirect_reference(self) -> "IndirectObject":  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self
+
+    def get_object(self) -> Optional["PdfObject"]:
+        obj = self.pdf.get_object(self)
+        if obj is None:
+            return None
+        return obj.get_object()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"IndirectObject({self.idnum!r}, {self.generation!r}, {id(self.pdf)})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            other is not None
+            and isinstance(other, IndirectObject)
+            and self.idnum == other.idnum
+            and self.generation == other.generation
+            and self.pdf is other.pdf
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        stream.write(b_(f"{self.idnum} {self.generation} R"))
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_from_stream(stream: StreamType, pdf: Any) -> "IndirectObject":  # PdfReader
+        idnum = b""
+        while True:
+            tok = stream.read(1)
+            if not tok:
+                raise PdfStreamError(STREAM_TRUNCATED_PREMATURELY)
+            if tok.isspace():
+                break
+            idnum += tok
+        generation = b""
+        while True:
+            tok = stream.read(1)
+            if not tok:
+                raise PdfStreamError(STREAM_TRUNCATED_PREMATURELY)
+            if tok.isspace():
+                if not generation:
+                    continue
+                break
+            generation += tok
+        r = read_non_whitespace(stream)
+        if r != b"R":
+            raise PdfReadError(
+                f"Error reading indirect object reference at byte {hex_str(stream.tell())}"
+            )
+        return IndirectObject(int(idnum), int(generation), pdf)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readFromStream(
+        stream: StreamType, pdf: Any  # PdfReader
+    ) -> "IndirectObject":  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("readFromStream", "read_from_stream", "3.0.0")
+        return IndirectObject.read_from_stream(stream, pdf)
+
+
+class FloatObject(decimal.Decimal, PdfObject):
+    def __new__(
+        cls, value: Union[str, Any] = "0", context: Optional[Any] = None
+    ) -> "FloatObject":
+        try:
+            return decimal.Decimal.__new__(cls, str_(value), context)
+        except Exception:
+            # If this isn't a valid decimal (happens in malformed PDFs)
+            # fallback to 0
+            logger_warning(f"FloatObject ({value}) invalid; use 0.0 instead", __name__)
+            return decimal.Decimal.__new__(cls, "0.0")
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: Any,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "FloatObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast("FloatObject", self._reference_clone(FloatObject(self), pdf_dest))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self == self.to_integral():
+            # If this is an integer, format it with no decimal place.
+            return str(self.quantize(decimal.Decimal(1)))
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, format it with a decimal place, taking care to
+            # remove any extraneous trailing zeros.
+            return f"{self:f}".rstrip("0")
+
+    def as_numeric(self) -> float:
+        return float(repr(self).encode("utf8"))
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        stream.write(repr(self).encode("utf8"))
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+
+class NumberObject(int, PdfObject):
+    NumberPattern = re.compile(b"[^+-.0-9]")
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: Any) -> "NumberObject":
+        try:
+            return int.__new__(cls, int(value))
+        except ValueError:
+            logger_warning(f"NumberObject({value}) invalid; use 0 instead", __name__)
+            return int.__new__(cls, 0)
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: Any,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "NumberObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast("NumberObject", self._reference_clone(NumberObject(self), pdf_dest))
+
+    def as_numeric(self) -> int:
+        return int(repr(self).encode("utf8"))
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        stream.write(repr(self).encode("utf8"))
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_from_stream(stream: StreamType) -> Union["NumberObject", "FloatObject"]:
+        num = read_until_regex(stream, NumberObject.NumberPattern)
+        if num.find(b".") != -1:
+            return FloatObject(num)
+        return NumberObject(num)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readFromStream(
+        stream: StreamType,
+    ) -> Union["NumberObject", "FloatObject"]:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("readFromStream", "read_from_stream", "3.0.0")
+        return NumberObject.read_from_stream(stream)
+
+
+class ByteStringObject(bytes, PdfObject):
+    """
+    Represents a string object where the text encoding could not be determined.
+    This occurs quite often, as the PDF spec doesn't provide an alternate way to
+    represent strings -- for example, the encryption data stored in files (like
+    /O) is clearly not text, but is still stored in a "String" object.
+    """
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: Any,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "ByteStringObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast(
+            "ByteStringObject",
+            self._reference_clone(ByteStringObject(bytes(self)), pdf_dest),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def original_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """For compatibility with TextStringObject.original_bytes."""
+        return self
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        bytearr = self
+        if encryption_key:
+            from .._security import RC4_encrypt
+
+            bytearr = RC4_encrypt(encryption_key, bytearr)  # type: ignore
+        stream.write(b"<")
+        stream.write(hexencode(bytearr))
+        stream.write(b">")
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+
+class TextStringObject(str, PdfObject):
+    """
+    Represents a string object that has been decoded into a real unicode string.
+    If read from a PDF document, this string appeared to match the
+    PDFDocEncoding, or contained a UTF-16BE BOM mark to cause UTF-16 decoding to
+    occur.
+    """
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: Any,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "TextStringObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        obj = TextStringObject(self)
+        obj.autodetect_pdfdocencoding = self.autodetect_pdfdocencoding
+        obj.autodetect_utf16 = self.autodetect_utf16
+        return cast("TextStringObject", self._reference_clone(obj, pdf_dest))
+
+    autodetect_pdfdocencoding = False
+    autodetect_utf16 = False
+
+    @property
+    def original_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        It is occasionally possible that a text string object gets created where
+        a byte string object was expected due to the autodetection mechanism --
+        if that occurs, this "original_bytes" property can be used to
+        back-calculate what the original encoded bytes were.
+        """
+        return self.get_original_bytes()
+
+    def get_original_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        # We're a text string object, but the library is trying to get our raw
+        # bytes.  This can happen if we auto-detected this string as text, but
+        # we were wrong.  It's pretty common.  Return the original bytes that
+        # would have been used to create this object, based upon the autodetect
+        # method.
+        if self.autodetect_utf16:
+            return codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE + self.encode("utf-16be")
+        elif self.autodetect_pdfdocencoding:
+            return encode_pdfdocencoding(self)
+        else:
+            raise Exception("no information about original bytes")
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        # Try to write the string out as a PDFDocEncoding encoded string.  It's
+        # nicer to look at in the PDF file.  Sadly, we take a performance hit
+        # here for trying...
+        try:
+            bytearr = encode_pdfdocencoding(self)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            bytearr = codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE + self.encode("utf-16be")
+        if encryption_key:
+            from .._security import RC4_encrypt
+
+            bytearr = RC4_encrypt(encryption_key, bytearr)
+            obj = ByteStringObject(bytearr)
+            obj.write_to_stream(stream, None)
+        else:
+            stream.write(b"(")
+            for c in bytearr:
+                if not chr(c).isalnum() and c != b" ":
+                    # This:
+                    #   stream.write(b_(rf"\{c:0>3o}"))
+                    # gives
+                    #   https://github.com/davidhalter/parso/issues/207
+                    stream.write(b_("\\%03o" % c))
+                else:
+                    stream.write(b_(chr(c)))
+            stream.write(b")")
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+
+class NameObject(str, PdfObject):
+    delimiter_pattern = re.compile(rb"\s+|[\(\)<>\[\]{}/%]")
+    surfix = b"/"
+    renumber_table = {
+        "#": b"#23",
+        "(": b"#28",
+        ")": b"#29",
+        "/": b"#2F",
+        **{chr(i): f"#{i:02X}".encode() for i in range(33)},
+    }
+
+    def clone(
+        self,
+        pdf_dest: Any,
+        force_duplicate: bool = False,
+        ignore_fields: Union[Tuple[str, ...], List[str], None] = (),
+    ) -> "NameObject":
+        """clone object into pdf_dest"""
+        return cast("NameObject", self._reference_clone(NameObject(self), pdf_dest))
+
+    def write_to_stream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        stream.write(self.renumber())  # b_(renumber(self)))
+
+    def writeToStream(
+        self, stream: StreamType, encryption_key: Union[None, str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("writeToStream", "write_to_stream", "3.0.0")
+        self.write_to_stream(stream, encryption_key)
+
+    def renumber(self) -> bytes:
+        out = self[0].encode("utf-8")
+        if out != b"/":
+            logger_warning(f"Incorrect first char in NameObject:({self})", __name__)
+        for c in self[1:]:
+            if c > "~":
+                for x in c.encode("utf-8"):
+                    out += f"#{x:02X}".encode()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    out += self.renumber_table[c]
+                except KeyError:
+                    out += c.encode("utf-8")
+        return out
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def unnumber(sin: bytes) -> bytes:
+        i = sin.find(b"#", 0)
+        while i >= 0:
+            try:
+                sin = sin[:i] + unhexlify(sin[i + 1 : i + 3]) + sin[i + 3 :]
+                i = sin.find(b"#", i + 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                # if the 2 characters after # can not be converted to hexa
+                # we change nothing and carry on
+                i = i + 1
+        return sin
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_from_stream(stream: StreamType, pdf: Any) -> "NameObject":  # PdfReader
+        name = stream.read(1)
+        if name != NameObject.surfix:
+            raise PdfReadError("name read error")
+        name += read_until_regex(stream, NameObject.delimiter_pattern, ignore_eof=True)
+        try:
+            # Name objects should represent irregular characters
+            # with a '#' followed by the symbol's hex number
+            name = NameObject.unnumber(name)
+            for enc in ("utf-8", "gbk"):
+                try:
+                    ret = name.decode(enc)
+                    return NameObject(ret)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            raise UnicodeDecodeError("", name, 0, 0, "Code Not Found")
+        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+            if not pdf.strict:
+                logger_warning(
+                    f"Illegal character in Name Object ({repr(name)})", __name__
+                )
+                return NameObject(name.decode("charmap"))
+            else:
+                raise PdfReadError(
+                    f"Illegal character in Name Object ({repr(name)})"
+                ) from e
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readFromStream(
+        stream: StreamType, pdf: Any  # PdfReader
+    ) -> "NameObject":  # pragma: no cover
+        deprecation_with_replacement("readFromStream", "read_from_stream", "3.0.0")
+        return NameObject.read_from_stream(stream, pdf)
+
+
+def encode_pdfdocencoding(unicode_string: str) -> bytes:
+    retval = b""
+    for c in unicode_string:
+        try:
+            retval += b_(chr(_pdfdoc_encoding_rev[c]))
+        except KeyError:
+            raise UnicodeEncodeError(
+                "pdfdocencoding", c, -1, -1, "does not exist in translation table"
+            )
+    return retval