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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""psutil is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on
+running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network,
+sensors) in Python. Supported platforms:
+
+ - Linux
+ - Windows
+ - macOS
+ - FreeBSD
+ - OpenBSD
+ - NetBSD
+ - Sun Solaris
+ - AIX
+
+Works with Python versions 2.7 and 3.6+.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import division
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import datetime
+import functools
+import os
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+
+
+try:
+    import pwd
+except ImportError:
+    pwd = None
+
+from . import _common
+from ._common import AIX
+from ._common import BSD
+from ._common import CONN_CLOSE
+from ._common import CONN_CLOSE_WAIT
+from ._common import CONN_CLOSING
+from ._common import CONN_ESTABLISHED
+from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT1
+from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT2
+from ._common import CONN_LAST_ACK
+from ._common import CONN_LISTEN
+from ._common import CONN_NONE
+from ._common import CONN_SYN_RECV
+from ._common import CONN_SYN_SENT
+from ._common import CONN_TIME_WAIT
+from ._common import FREEBSD  # NOQA
+from ._common import LINUX
+from ._common import MACOS
+from ._common import NETBSD  # NOQA
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
+from ._common import OPENBSD  # NOQA
+from ._common import OSX  # deprecated alias
+from ._common import POSIX  # NOQA
+from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+from ._common import STATUS_DEAD
+from ._common import STATUS_DISK_SLEEP
+from ._common import STATUS_IDLE
+from ._common import STATUS_LOCKED
+from ._common import STATUS_PARKED
+from ._common import STATUS_RUNNING
+from ._common import STATUS_SLEEPING
+from ._common import STATUS_STOPPED
+from ._common import STATUS_TRACING_STOP
+from ._common import STATUS_WAITING
+from ._common import STATUS_WAKING
+from ._common import STATUS_ZOMBIE
+from ._common import SUNOS
+from ._common import WINDOWS
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import Error
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import TimeoutExpired
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import debug
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import wrap_numbers as _wrap_numbers
+from ._compat import PY3 as _PY3
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from ._compat import SubprocessTimeoutExpired as _SubprocessTimeoutExpired
+from ._compat import long
+
+
+if LINUX:
+    # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py
+    # via sys.modules.
+    PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
+
+    from . import _pslinux as _psplatform
+    from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_BE  # NOQA
+    from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE  # NOQA
+    from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE  # NOQA
+    from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_RT  # NOQA
+
+elif WINDOWS:
+    from . import _pswindows as _psplatform
+    from ._psutil_windows import ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._psutil_windows import BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._psutil_windows import HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._psutil_windows import IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._psutil_windows import NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._psutil_windows import REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS  # NOQA
+    from ._pswindows import CONN_DELETE_TCB  # NOQA
+    from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_HIGH  # NOQA
+    from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_LOW  # NOQA
+    from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_NORMAL  # NOQA
+    from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_VERYLOW  # NOQA
+
+elif MACOS:
+    from . import _psosx as _psplatform
+
+elif BSD:
+    from . import _psbsd as _psplatform
+
+elif SUNOS:
+    from . import _pssunos as _psplatform
+    from ._pssunos import CONN_BOUND  # NOQA
+    from ._pssunos import CONN_IDLE  # NOQA
+
+    # This is public writable API which is read from _pslinux.py and
+    # _pssunos.py via sys.modules.
+    PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
+
+elif AIX:
+    from . import _psaix as _psplatform
+
+    # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py
+    # via sys.modules.
+    PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    raise NotImplementedError('platform %s is not supported' % sys.platform)
+
+
+# fmt: off
+__all__ = [
+    # exceptions
+    "Error", "NoSuchProcess", "ZombieProcess", "AccessDenied",
+    "TimeoutExpired",
+
+    # constants
+    "version_info", "__version__",
+
+    "STATUS_RUNNING", "STATUS_IDLE", "STATUS_SLEEPING", "STATUS_DISK_SLEEP",
+    "STATUS_STOPPED", "STATUS_TRACING_STOP", "STATUS_ZOMBIE", "STATUS_DEAD",
+    "STATUS_WAKING", "STATUS_LOCKED", "STATUS_WAITING", "STATUS_LOCKED",
+    "STATUS_PARKED",
+
+    "CONN_ESTABLISHED", "CONN_SYN_SENT", "CONN_SYN_RECV", "CONN_FIN_WAIT1",
+    "CONN_FIN_WAIT2", "CONN_TIME_WAIT", "CONN_CLOSE", "CONN_CLOSE_WAIT",
+    "CONN_LAST_ACK", "CONN_LISTEN", "CONN_CLOSING", "CONN_NONE",
+    # "CONN_IDLE", "CONN_BOUND",
+
+    "AF_LINK",
+
+    "NIC_DUPLEX_FULL", "NIC_DUPLEX_HALF", "NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN",
+
+    "POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN", "POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED",
+
+    "BSD", "FREEBSD", "LINUX", "NETBSD", "OPENBSD", "MACOS", "OSX", "POSIX",
+    "SUNOS", "WINDOWS", "AIX",
+
+    # "RLIM_INFINITY", "RLIMIT_AS", "RLIMIT_CORE", "RLIMIT_CPU", "RLIMIT_DATA",
+    # "RLIMIT_FSIZE", "RLIMIT_LOCKS", "RLIMIT_MEMLOCK", "RLIMIT_NOFILE",
+    # "RLIMIT_NPROC", "RLIMIT_RSS", "RLIMIT_STACK", "RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE",
+    # "RLIMIT_NICE", "RLIMIT_RTPRIO", "RLIMIT_RTTIME", "RLIMIT_SIGPENDING",
+
+    # classes
+    "Process", "Popen",
+
+    # functions
+    "pid_exists", "pids", "process_iter", "wait_procs",             # proc
+    "virtual_memory", "swap_memory",                                # memory
+    "cpu_times", "cpu_percent", "cpu_times_percent", "cpu_count",   # cpu
+    "cpu_stats",  # "cpu_freq", "getloadavg"
+    "net_io_counters", "net_connections", "net_if_addrs",           # network
+    "net_if_stats",
+    "disk_io_counters", "disk_partitions", "disk_usage",            # disk
+    # "sensors_temperatures", "sensors_battery", "sensors_fans"     # sensors
+    "users", "boot_time",                                           # others
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+__all__.extend(_psplatform.__extra__all__)
+
+# Linux, FreeBSD
+if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"):
+    # Populate global namespace with RLIM* constants.
+    from . import _psutil_posix
+
+    _globals = globals()
+    _name = None
+    for _name in dir(_psutil_posix):
+        if _name.startswith('RLIM') and _name.isupper():
+            _globals[_name] = getattr(_psutil_posix, _name)
+            __all__.append(_name)
+    del _globals, _name
+
+AF_LINK = _psplatform.AF_LINK
+
+__author__ = "Giampaolo Rodola'"
+__version__ = "6.1.1"
+version_info = tuple([int(num) for num in __version__.split('.')])
+
+_timer = getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time)
+_TOTAL_PHYMEM = None
+_LOWEST_PID = None
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+# Sanity check in case the user messed up with psutil installation
+# or did something weird with sys.path. In this case we might end
+# up importing a python module using a C extension module which
+# was compiled for a different version of psutil.
+# We want to prevent that by failing sooner rather than later.
+# See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/564
+if int(__version__.replace('.', '')) != getattr(
+    _psplatform.cext, 'version', None
+):
+    msg = "version conflict: %r C extension " % _psplatform.cext.__file__
+    msg += "module was built for another version of psutil"
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version'):
+        msg += " (%s instead of %s)" % (
+            '.'.join([x for x in str(_psplatform.cext.version)]),
+            __version__,
+        )
+    else:
+        msg += " (different than %s)" % __version__
+    msg += "; you may try to 'pip uninstall psutil', manually remove %s" % (
+        getattr(
+            _psplatform.cext,
+            "__file__",
+            "the existing psutil install directory",
+        )
+    )
+    msg += " or clean the virtual env somehow, then reinstall"
+    raise ImportError(msg)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+if hasattr(_psplatform, 'ppid_map'):
+    # Faster version (Windows and Linux).
+    _ppid_map = _psplatform.ppid_map
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def _ppid_map():
+        """Return a {pid: ppid, ...} dict for all running processes in
+        one shot. Used to speed up Process.children().
+        """
+        ret = {}
+        for pid in pids():
+            try:
+                ret[pid] = _psplatform.Process(pid).ppid()
+            except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess):
+                pass
+        return ret
+
+
+def _pprint_secs(secs):
+    """Format seconds in a human readable form."""
+    now = time.time()
+    secs_ago = int(now - secs)
+    fmt = "%H:%M:%S" if secs_ago < 60 * 60 * 24 else "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(secs).strftime(fmt)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Process class
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+class Process(object):  # noqa: UP004
+    """Represents an OS process with the given PID.
+    If PID is omitted current process PID (os.getpid()) is used.
+    Raise NoSuchProcess if PID does not exist.
+
+    Note that most of the methods of this class do not make sure that
+    the PID of the process being queried has been reused. That means
+    that you may end up retrieving information for another process.
+
+    The only exceptions for which process identity is pre-emptively
+    checked and guaranteed are:
+
+     - parent()
+     - children()
+     - nice() (set)
+     - ionice() (set)
+     - rlimit() (set)
+     - cpu_affinity (set)
+     - suspend()
+     - resume()
+     - send_signal()
+     - terminate()
+     - kill()
+
+    To prevent this problem for all other methods you can use
+    is_running() before querying the process.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pid=None):
+        self._init(pid)
+
+    def _init(self, pid, _ignore_nsp=False):
+        if pid is None:
+            pid = os.getpid()
+        else:
+            if not _PY3 and not isinstance(pid, (int, long)):
+                msg = "pid must be an integer (got %r)" % pid
+                raise TypeError(msg)
+            if pid < 0:
+                msg = "pid must be a positive integer (got %s)" % pid
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            try:
+                _psplatform.cext.check_pid_range(pid)
+            except OverflowError:
+                msg = "process PID out of range (got %s)" % pid
+                raise NoSuchProcess(pid, msg=msg)
+
+        self._pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._exe = None
+        self._create_time = None
+        self._gone = False
+        self._pid_reused = False
+        self._hash = None
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        # used for caching on Windows only (on POSIX ppid may change)
+        self._ppid = None
+        # platform-specific modules define an _psplatform.Process
+        # implementation class
+        self._proc = _psplatform.Process(pid)
+        self._last_sys_cpu_times = None
+        self._last_proc_cpu_times = None
+        self._exitcode = _SENTINEL
+        self._ident = (self.pid, None)
+        try:
+            self._ident = self._get_ident()
+        except AccessDenied:
+            # This should happen on Windows only, since we use the fast
+            # create time method. AFAIK, on all other platforms we are
+            # able to get create time for all PIDs.
+            pass
+        except ZombieProcess:
+            # Zombies can still be queried by this class (although
+            # not always) and pids() return them so just go on.
+            pass
+        except NoSuchProcess:
+            if not _ignore_nsp:
+                msg = "process PID not found"
+                raise NoSuchProcess(pid, msg=msg)
+            else:
+                self._gone = True
+
+    def _get_ident(self):
+        """Return a (pid, uid) tuple which is supposed to identify a
+        Process instance univocally over time. The PID alone is not
+        enough, as it can be assigned to a new process after this one
+        terminates, so we add process creation time to the mix. We need
+        this in order to prevent killing the wrong process later on.
+        This is also known as PID reuse or PID recycling problem.
+
+        The reliability of this strategy mostly depends on
+        create_time() precision, which is 0.01 secs on Linux. The
+        assumption is that, after a process terminates, the kernel
+        won't reuse the same PID after such a short period of time
+        (0.01 secs). Technically this is inherently racy, but
+        practically it should be good enough.
+        """
+        if WINDOWS:
+            # Use create_time() fast method in order to speedup
+            # `process_iter()`. This means we'll get AccessDenied for
+            # most ADMIN processes, but that's fine since it means
+            # we'll also get AccessDenied on kill().
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2366#issuecomment-2381646555
+            self._create_time = self._proc.create_time(fast_only=True)
+            return (self.pid, self._create_time)
+        else:
+            return (self.pid, self.create_time())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        info = collections.OrderedDict()
+        info["pid"] = self.pid
+        if self._name:
+            info['name'] = self._name
+        with self.oneshot():
+            if self._pid_reused:
+                info["status"] = "terminated + PID reused"
+            else:
+                try:
+                    info["name"] = self.name()
+                    info["status"] = self.status()
+                except ZombieProcess:
+                    info["status"] = "zombie"
+                except NoSuchProcess:
+                    info["status"] = "terminated"
+                except AccessDenied:
+                    pass
+
+            if self._exitcode not in {_SENTINEL, None}:
+                info["exitcode"] = self._exitcode
+            if self._create_time is not None:
+                info['started'] = _pprint_secs(self._create_time)
+
+            return "%s.%s(%s)" % (
+                self.__class__.__module__,
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                ", ".join(["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()]),
+            )
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        # Test for equality with another Process object based
+        # on PID and creation time.
+        if not isinstance(other, Process):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if OPENBSD or NETBSD:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Zombie processes on Open/NetBSD have a creation time of
+            # 0.0. This covers the case when a process started normally
+            # (so it has a ctime), then it turned into a zombie. It's
+            # important to do this because is_running() depends on
+            # __eq__.
+            pid1, ident1 = self._ident
+            pid2, ident2 = other._ident
+            if pid1 == pid2:
+                if ident1 and not ident2:
+                    try:
+                        return self.status() == STATUS_ZOMBIE
+                    except Error:
+                        pass
+        return self._ident == other._ident
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        if self._hash is None:
+            self._hash = hash(self._ident)
+        return self._hash
+
+    def _raise_if_pid_reused(self):
+        """Raises NoSuchProcess in case process PID has been reused."""
+        if self._pid_reused or (not self.is_running() and self._pid_reused):
+            # We may directly raise NSP in here already if PID is just
+            # not running, but I prefer NSP to be raised naturally by
+            # the actual Process API call. This way unit tests will tell
+            # us if the API is broken (aka don't raise NSP when it
+            # should). We also remain consistent with all other "get"
+            # APIs which don't use _raise_if_pid_reused().
+            msg = "process no longer exists and its PID has been reused"
+            raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name, msg=msg)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self):
+        """The process PID."""
+        return self._pid
+
+    # --- utility methods
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def oneshot(self):
+        """Utility context manager which considerably speeds up the
+        retrieval of multiple process information at the same time.
+
+        Internally different process info (e.g. name, ppid, uids,
+        gids, ...) may be fetched by using the same routine, but
+        only one information is returned and the others are discarded.
+        When using this context manager the internal routine is
+        executed once (in the example below on name()) and the
+        other info are cached.
+
+        The cache is cleared when exiting the context manager block.
+        The advice is to use this every time you retrieve more than
+        one information about the process. If you're lucky, you'll
+        get a hell of a speedup.
+
+        >>> import psutil
+        >>> p = psutil.Process()
+        >>> with p.oneshot():
+        ...     p.name()  # collect multiple info
+        ...     p.cpu_times()  # return cached value
+        ...     p.cpu_percent()  # return cached value
+        ...     p.create_time()  # return cached value
+        ...
+        >>>
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if hasattr(self, "_cache"):
+                # NOOP: this covers the use case where the user enters the
+                # context twice:
+                #
+                # >>> with p.oneshot():
+                # ...    with p.oneshot():
+                # ...
+                #
+                # Also, since as_dict() internally uses oneshot()
+                # I expect that the code below will be a pretty common
+                # "mistake" that the user will make, so let's guard
+                # against that:
+                #
+                # >>> with p.oneshot():
+                # ...    p.as_dict()
+                # ...
+                yield
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # cached in case cpu_percent() is used
+                    self.cpu_times.cache_activate(self)
+                    # cached in case memory_percent() is used
+                    self.memory_info.cache_activate(self)
+                    # cached in case parent() is used
+                    self.ppid.cache_activate(self)
+                    # cached in case username() is used
+                    if POSIX:
+                        self.uids.cache_activate(self)
+                    # specific implementation cache
+                    self._proc.oneshot_enter()
+                    yield
+                finally:
+                    self.cpu_times.cache_deactivate(self)
+                    self.memory_info.cache_deactivate(self)
+                    self.ppid.cache_deactivate(self)
+                    if POSIX:
+                        self.uids.cache_deactivate(self)
+                    self._proc.oneshot_exit()
+
+    def as_dict(self, attrs=None, ad_value=None):
+        """Utility method returning process information as a
+        hashable dictionary.
+        If *attrs* is specified it must be a list of strings
+        reflecting available Process class' attribute names
+        (e.g. ['cpu_times', 'name']) else all public (read
+        only) attributes are assumed.
+        *ad_value* is the value which gets assigned in case
+        AccessDenied or ZombieProcess exception is raised when
+        retrieving that particular process information.
+        """
+        valid_names = _as_dict_attrnames
+        if attrs is not None:
+            if not isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
+                msg = "invalid attrs type %s" % type(attrs)
+                raise TypeError(msg)
+            attrs = set(attrs)
+            invalid_names = attrs - valid_names
+            if invalid_names:
+                msg = "invalid attr name%s %s" % (
+                    "s" if len(invalid_names) > 1 else "",
+                    ", ".join(map(repr, invalid_names)),
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        retdict = {}
+        ls = attrs or valid_names
+        with self.oneshot():
+            for name in ls:
+                try:
+                    if name == 'pid':
+                        ret = self.pid
+                    else:
+                        meth = getattr(self, name)
+                        ret = meth()
+                except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess):
+                    ret = ad_value
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    # in case of not implemented functionality (may happen
+                    # on old or exotic systems) we want to crash only if
+                    # the user explicitly asked for that particular attr
+                    if attrs:
+                        raise
+                    continue
+                retdict[name] = ret
+        return retdict
+
+    def parent(self):
+        """Return the parent process as a Process object pre-emptively
+        checking whether PID has been reused.
+        If no parent is known return None.
+        """
+        lowest_pid = _LOWEST_PID if _LOWEST_PID is not None else pids()[0]
+        if self.pid == lowest_pid:
+            return None
+        ppid = self.ppid()
+        if ppid is not None:
+            ctime = self.create_time()
+            try:
+                parent = Process(ppid)
+                if parent.create_time() <= ctime:
+                    return parent
+                # ...else ppid has been reused by another process
+            except NoSuchProcess:
+                pass
+
+    def parents(self):
+        """Return the parents of this process as a list of Process
+        instances. If no parents are known return an empty list.
+        """
+        parents = []
+        proc = self.parent()
+        while proc is not None:
+            parents.append(proc)
+            proc = proc.parent()
+        return parents
+
+    def is_running(self):
+        """Return whether this process is running.
+
+        It also checks if PID has been reused by another process, in
+        which case it will remove the process from `process_iter()`
+        internal cache and return False.
+        """
+        if self._gone or self._pid_reused:
+            return False
+        try:
+            # Checking if PID is alive is not enough as the PID might
+            # have been reused by another process. Process identity /
+            # uniqueness over time is guaranteed by (PID + creation
+            # time) and that is verified in __eq__.
+            self._pid_reused = self != Process(self.pid)
+            if self._pid_reused:
+                _pids_reused.add(self.pid)
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid)
+            return True
+        except ZombieProcess:
+            # We should never get here as it's already handled in
+            # Process.__init__; here just for extra safety.
+            return True
+        except NoSuchProcess:
+            self._gone = True
+            return False
+
+    # --- actual API
+
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def ppid(self):
+        """The process parent PID.
+        On Windows the return value is cached after first call.
+        """
+        # On POSIX we don't want to cache the ppid as it may unexpectedly
+        # change to 1 (init) in case this process turns into a zombie:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/321
+        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/356722/
+
+        # XXX should we check creation time here rather than in
+        # Process.parent()?
+        self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+        if POSIX:
+            return self._proc.ppid()
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._ppid = self._ppid or self._proc.ppid()
+            return self._ppid
+
+    def name(self):
+        """The process name. The return value is cached after first call."""
+        # Process name is only cached on Windows as on POSIX it may
+        # change, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/692
+        if WINDOWS and self._name is not None:
+            return self._name
+        name = self._proc.name()
+        if POSIX and len(name) >= 15:
+            # On UNIX the name gets truncated to the first 15 characters.
+            # If it matches the first part of the cmdline we return that
+            # one instead because it's usually more explicative.
+            # Examples are "gnome-keyring-d" vs. "gnome-keyring-daemon".
+            try:
+                cmdline = self.cmdline()
+            except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess):
+                # Just pass and return the truncated name: it's better
+                # than nothing. Note: there are actual cases where a
+                # zombie process can return a name() but not a
+                # cmdline(), see:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2239
+                pass
+            else:
+                if cmdline:
+                    extended_name = os.path.basename(cmdline[0])
+                    if extended_name.startswith(name):
+                        name = extended_name
+        self._name = name
+        self._proc._name = name
+        return name
+
+    def exe(self):
+        """The process executable as an absolute path.
+        May also be an empty string.
+        The return value is cached after first call.
+        """
+
+        def guess_it(fallback):
+            # try to guess exe from cmdline[0] in absence of a native
+            # exe representation
+            cmdline = self.cmdline()
+            if cmdline and hasattr(os, 'access') and hasattr(os, 'X_OK'):
+                exe = cmdline[0]  # the possible exe
+                # Attempt to guess only in case of an absolute path.
+                # It is not safe otherwise as the process might have
+                # changed cwd.
+                if (
+                    os.path.isabs(exe)
+                    and os.path.isfile(exe)
+                    and os.access(exe, os.X_OK)
+                ):
+                    return exe
+            if isinstance(fallback, AccessDenied):
+                raise fallback
+            return fallback
+
+        if self._exe is None:
+            try:
+                exe = self._proc.exe()
+            except AccessDenied as err:
+                return guess_it(fallback=err)
+            else:
+                if not exe:
+                    # underlying implementation can legitimately return an
+                    # empty string; if that's the case we don't want to
+                    # raise AD while guessing from the cmdline
+                    try:
+                        exe = guess_it(fallback=exe)
+                    except AccessDenied:
+                        pass
+                self._exe = exe
+        return self._exe
+
+    def cmdline(self):
+        """The command line this process has been called with."""
+        return self._proc.cmdline()
+
+    def status(self):
+        """The process current status as a STATUS_* constant."""
+        try:
+            return self._proc.status()
+        except ZombieProcess:
+            return STATUS_ZOMBIE
+
+    def username(self):
+        """The name of the user that owns the process.
+        On UNIX this is calculated by using *real* process uid.
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            if pwd is None:
+                # might happen if python was installed from sources
+                msg = "requires pwd module shipped with standard python"
+                raise ImportError(msg)
+            real_uid = self.uids().real
+            try:
+                return pwd.getpwuid(real_uid).pw_name
+            except KeyError:
+                # the uid can't be resolved by the system
+                return str(real_uid)
+        else:
+            return self._proc.username()
+
+    def create_time(self):
+        """The process creation time as a floating point number
+        expressed in seconds since the epoch.
+        The return value is cached after first call.
+        """
+        if self._create_time is None:
+            self._create_time = self._proc.create_time()
+        return self._create_time
+
+    def cwd(self):
+        """Process current working directory as an absolute path."""
+        return self._proc.cwd()
+
+    def nice(self, value=None):
+        """Get or set process niceness (priority)."""
+        if value is None:
+            return self._proc.nice_get()
+        else:
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            self._proc.nice_set(value)
+
+    if POSIX:
+
+        @memoize_when_activated
+        def uids(self):
+            """Return process UIDs as a (real, effective, saved)
+            namedtuple.
+            """
+            return self._proc.uids()
+
+        def gids(self):
+            """Return process GIDs as a (real, effective, saved)
+            namedtuple.
+            """
+            return self._proc.gids()
+
+        def terminal(self):
+            """The terminal associated with this process, if any,
+            else None.
+            """
+            return self._proc.terminal()
+
+        def num_fds(self):
+            """Return the number of file descriptors opened by this
+            process (POSIX only).
+            """
+            return self._proc.num_fds()
+
+    # Linux, BSD, AIX and Windows only
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "io_counters"):
+
+        def io_counters(self):
+            """Return process I/O statistics as a
+            (read_count, write_count, read_bytes, write_bytes)
+            namedtuple.
+            Those are the number of read/write calls performed and the
+            amount of bytes read and written by the process.
+            """
+            return self._proc.io_counters()
+
+    # Linux and Windows
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "ionice_get"):
+
+        def ionice(self, ioclass=None, value=None):
+            """Get or set process I/O niceness (priority).
+
+            On Linux *ioclass* is one of the IOPRIO_CLASS_* constants.
+            *value* is a number which goes from 0 to 7. The higher the
+            value, the lower the I/O priority of the process.
+
+            On Windows only *ioclass* is used and it can be set to 2
+            (normal), 1 (low) or 0 (very low).
+
+            Available on Linux and Windows > Vista only.
+            """
+            if ioclass is None:
+                if value is not None:
+                    msg = "'ioclass' argument must be specified"
+                    raise ValueError(msg)
+                return self._proc.ionice_get()
+            else:
+                self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+                return self._proc.ionice_set(ioclass, value)
+
+    # Linux / FreeBSD only
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"):
+
+        def rlimit(self, resource, limits=None):
+            """Get or set process resource limits as a (soft, hard)
+            tuple.
+
+            *resource* is one of the RLIMIT_* constants.
+            *limits* is supposed to be a (soft, hard) tuple.
+
+            See "man prlimit" for further info.
+            Available on Linux and FreeBSD only.
+            """
+            if limits is not None:
+                self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            return self._proc.rlimit(resource, limits)
+
+    # Windows, Linux and FreeBSD only
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_affinity_get"):
+
+        def cpu_affinity(self, cpus=None):
+            """Get or set process CPU affinity.
+            If specified, *cpus* must be a list of CPUs for which you
+            want to set the affinity (e.g. [0, 1]).
+            If an empty list is passed, all egible CPUs are assumed
+            (and set).
+            (Windows, Linux and BSD only).
+            """
+            if cpus is None:
+                return sorted(set(self._proc.cpu_affinity_get()))
+            else:
+                self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+                if not cpus:
+                    if hasattr(self._proc, "_get_eligible_cpus"):
+                        cpus = self._proc._get_eligible_cpus()
+                    else:
+                        cpus = tuple(range(len(cpu_times(percpu=True))))
+                self._proc.cpu_affinity_set(list(set(cpus)))
+
+    # Linux, FreeBSD, SunOS
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_num"):
+
+        def cpu_num(self):
+            """Return what CPU this process is currently running on.
+            The returned number should be <= psutil.cpu_count()
+            and <= len(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)).
+            It may be used in conjunction with
+            psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) to observe the system
+            workload distributed across CPUs.
+            """
+            return self._proc.cpu_num()
+
+    # All platforms has it, but maybe not in the future.
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "environ"):
+
+        def environ(self):
+            """The environment variables of the process as a dict.  Note: this
+            might not reflect changes made after the process started.
+            """
+            return self._proc.environ()
+
+    if WINDOWS:
+
+        def num_handles(self):
+            """Return the number of handles opened by this process
+            (Windows only).
+            """
+            return self._proc.num_handles()
+
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        """Return the number of voluntary and involuntary context
+        switches performed by this process.
+        """
+        return self._proc.num_ctx_switches()
+
+    def num_threads(self):
+        """Return the number of threads used by this process."""
+        return self._proc.num_threads()
+
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "threads"):
+
+        def threads(self):
+            """Return threads opened by process as a list of
+            (id, user_time, system_time) namedtuples representing
+            thread id and thread CPU times (user/system).
+            On OpenBSD this method requires root access.
+            """
+            return self._proc.threads()
+
+    def children(self, recursive=False):
+        """Return the children of this process as a list of Process
+        instances, pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused.
+        If *recursive* is True return all the parent descendants.
+
+        Example (A == this process):
+
+         A ─┐
+            │
+            ├─ B (child) ─┐
+            │             └─ X (grandchild) ─┐
+            │                                └─ Y (great grandchild)
+            ├─ C (child)
+            └─ D (child)
+
+        >>> import psutil
+        >>> p = psutil.Process()
+        >>> p.children()
+        B, C, D
+        >>> p.children(recursive=True)
+        B, X, Y, C, D
+
+        Note that in the example above if process X disappears
+        process Y won't be listed as the reference to process A
+        is lost.
+        """
+        self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+        ppid_map = _ppid_map()
+        ret = []
+        if not recursive:
+            for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items():
+                if ppid == self.pid:
+                    try:
+                        child = Process(pid)
+                        # if child happens to be older than its parent
+                        # (self) it means child's PID has been reused
+                        if self.create_time() <= child.create_time():
+                            ret.append(child)
+                    except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess):
+                        pass
+        else:
+            # Construct a {pid: [child pids]} dict
+            reverse_ppid_map = collections.defaultdict(list)
+            for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items():
+                reverse_ppid_map[ppid].append(pid)
+            # Recursively traverse that dict, starting from self.pid,
+            # such that we only call Process() on actual children
+            seen = set()
+            stack = [self.pid]
+            while stack:
+                pid = stack.pop()
+                if pid in seen:
+                    # Since pids can be reused while the ppid_map is
+                    # constructed, there may be rare instances where
+                    # there's a cycle in the recorded process "tree".
+                    continue
+                seen.add(pid)
+                for child_pid in reverse_ppid_map[pid]:
+                    try:
+                        child = Process(child_pid)
+                        # if child happens to be older than its parent
+                        # (self) it means child's PID has been reused
+                        intime = self.create_time() <= child.create_time()
+                        if intime:
+                            ret.append(child)
+                            stack.append(child_pid)
+                    except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess):
+                        pass
+        return ret
+
+    def cpu_percent(self, interval=None):
+        """Return a float representing the current process CPU
+        utilization as a percentage.
+
+        When *interval* is 0.0 or None (default) compares process times
+        to system CPU times elapsed since last call, returning
+        immediately (non-blocking). That means that the first time
+        this is called it will return a meaningful 0.0 value.
+
+        When *interval* is > 0.0 compares process times to system CPU
+        times elapsed before and after the interval (blocking).
+
+        In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function
+        be called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls.
+
+        A value > 100.0 can be returned in case of processes running
+        multiple threads on different CPU cores.
+
+        The returned value is explicitly NOT split evenly between
+        all available logical CPUs. This means that a busy loop process
+        running on a system with 2 logical CPUs will be reported as
+        having 100% CPU utilization instead of 50%.
+
+        Examples:
+
+          >>> import psutil
+          >>> p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
+          >>> # blocking
+          >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=1)
+          2.0
+          >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call)
+          >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=None)
+          2.9
+          >>>
+        """
+        blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0
+        if interval is not None and interval < 0:
+            msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        num_cpus = cpu_count() or 1
+
+        def timer():
+            return _timer() * num_cpus
+
+        if blocking:
+            st1 = timer()
+            pt1 = self._proc.cpu_times()
+            time.sleep(interval)
+            st2 = timer()
+            pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times()
+        else:
+            st1 = self._last_sys_cpu_times
+            pt1 = self._last_proc_cpu_times
+            st2 = timer()
+            pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times()
+            if st1 is None or pt1 is None:
+                self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2
+                self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2
+                return 0.0
+
+        delta_proc = (pt2.user - pt1.user) + (pt2.system - pt1.system)
+        delta_time = st2 - st1
+        # reset values for next call in case of interval == None
+        self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2
+        self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2
+
+        try:
+            # This is the utilization split evenly between all CPUs.
+            # E.g. a busy loop process on a 2-CPU-cores system at this
+            # point is reported as 50% instead of 100%.
+            overall_cpus_percent = (delta_proc / delta_time) * 100
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            # interval was too low
+            return 0.0
+        else:
+            # Note 1:
+            # in order to emulate "top" we multiply the value for the num
+            # of CPU cores. This way the busy process will be reported as
+            # having 100% (or more) usage.
+            #
+            # Note 2:
+            # taskmgr.exe on Windows differs in that it will show 50%
+            # instead.
+            #
+            # Note 3:
+            # a percentage > 100 is legitimate as it can result from a
+            # process with multiple threads running on different CPU
+            # cores (top does the same), see:
+            # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1032357
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/474
+            single_cpu_percent = overall_cpus_percent * num_cpus
+            return round(single_cpu_percent, 1)
+
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        """Return a (user, system, children_user, children_system)
+        namedtuple representing the accumulated process time, in
+        seconds.
+        This is similar to os.times() but per-process.
+        On macOS and Windows children_user and children_system are
+        always set to 0.
+        """
+        return self._proc.cpu_times()
+
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def memory_info(self):
+        """Return a namedtuple with variable fields depending on the
+        platform, representing memory information about the process.
+
+        The "portable" fields available on all platforms are `rss` and `vms`.
+
+        All numbers are expressed in bytes.
+        """
+        return self._proc.memory_info()
+
+    @_common.deprecated_method(replacement="memory_info")
+    def memory_info_ex(self):
+        return self.memory_info()
+
+    def memory_full_info(self):
+        """This method returns the same information as memory_info(),
+        plus, on some platform (Linux, macOS, Windows), also provides
+        additional metrics (USS, PSS and swap).
+        The additional metrics provide a better representation of actual
+        process memory usage.
+
+        Namely USS is the memory which is unique to a process and which
+        would be freed if the process was terminated right now.
+
+        It does so by passing through the whole process address.
+        As such it usually requires higher user privileges than
+        memory_info() and is considerably slower.
+        """
+        return self._proc.memory_full_info()
+
+    def memory_percent(self, memtype="rss"):
+        """Compare process memory to total physical system memory and
+        calculate process memory utilization as a percentage.
+        *memtype* argument is a string that dictates what type of
+        process memory you want to compare against (defaults to "rss").
+        The list of available strings can be obtained like this:
+
+        >>> psutil.Process().memory_info()._fields
+        ('rss', 'vms', 'shared', 'text', 'lib', 'data', 'dirty', 'uss', 'pss')
+        """
+        valid_types = list(_psplatform.pfullmem._fields)
+        if memtype not in valid_types:
+            msg = "invalid memtype %r; valid types are %r" % (
+                memtype,
+                tuple(valid_types),
+            )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        fun = (
+            self.memory_info
+            if memtype in _psplatform.pmem._fields
+            else self.memory_full_info
+        )
+        metrics = fun()
+        value = getattr(metrics, memtype)
+
+        # use cached value if available
+        total_phymem = _TOTAL_PHYMEM or virtual_memory().total
+        if not total_phymem > 0:
+            # we should never get here
+            msg = (
+                "can't calculate process memory percent because total physical"
+                " system memory is not positive (%r)" % (total_phymem)
+            )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        return (value / float(total_phymem)) * 100
+
+    if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "memory_maps"):
+
+        def memory_maps(self, grouped=True):
+            """Return process' mapped memory regions as a list of namedtuples
+            whose fields are variable depending on the platform.
+
+            If *grouped* is True the mapped regions with the same 'path'
+            are grouped together and the different memory fields are summed.
+
+            If *grouped* is False every mapped region is shown as a single
+            entity and the namedtuple will also include the mapped region's
+            address space ('addr') and permission set ('perms').
+            """
+            it = self._proc.memory_maps()
+            if grouped:
+                d = {}
+                for tupl in it:
+                    path = tupl[2]
+                    nums = tupl[3:]
+                    try:
+                        d[path] = map(lambda x, y: x + y, d[path], nums)
+                    except KeyError:
+                        d[path] = nums
+                nt = _psplatform.pmmap_grouped
+                return [nt(path, *d[path]) for path in d]  # NOQA
+            else:
+                nt = _psplatform.pmmap_ext
+                return [nt(*x) for x in it]
+
+    def open_files(self):
+        """Return files opened by process as a list of
+        (path, fd) namedtuples including the absolute file name
+        and file descriptor number.
+        """
+        return self._proc.open_files()
+
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        """Return socket connections opened by process as a list of
+        (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status) namedtuples.
+        The *kind* parameter filters for connections that match the
+        following criteria:
+
+        +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+        | Kind Value | Connections using                                  |
+        +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+        | inet       | IPv4 and IPv6                                      |
+        | inet4      | IPv4                                               |
+        | inet6      | IPv6                                               |
+        | tcp        | TCP                                                |
+        | tcp4       | TCP over IPv4                                      |
+        | tcp6       | TCP over IPv6                                      |
+        | udp        | UDP                                                |
+        | udp4       | UDP over IPv4                                      |
+        | udp6       | UDP over IPv6                                      |
+        | unix       | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols)           |
+        | all        | the sum of all the possible families and protocols |
+        +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+        """
+        return self._proc.net_connections(kind)
+
+    @_common.deprecated_method(replacement="net_connections")
+    def connections(self, kind="inet"):
+        return self.net_connections(kind=kind)
+
+    # --- signals
+
+    if POSIX:
+
+        def _send_signal(self, sig):
+            assert not self.pid < 0, self.pid
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                # see "man 2 kill"
+                msg = (
+                    "preventing sending signal to process with PID 0 as it "
+                    "would affect every process in the process group of the "
+                    "calling process (os.getpid()) instead of PID 0"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            try:
+                os.kill(self.pid, sig)
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                if OPENBSD and pid_exists(self.pid):
+                    # We do this because os.kill() lies in case of
+                    # zombie processes.
+                    raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+                else:
+                    self._gone = True
+                    raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+            except PermissionError:
+                raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+
+    def send_signal(self, sig):
+        """Send a signal *sig* to process pre-emptively checking
+        whether PID has been reused (see signal module constants) .
+        On Windows only SIGTERM is valid and is treated as an alias
+        for kill().
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            self._send_signal(sig)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            if sig != signal.SIGTERM and not self.is_running():
+                msg = "process no longer exists"
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name, msg=msg)
+            self._proc.send_signal(sig)
+
+    def suspend(self):
+        """Suspend process execution with SIGSTOP pre-emptively checking
+        whether PID has been reused.
+        On Windows this has the effect of suspending all process threads.
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            self._send_signal(signal.SIGSTOP)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            self._proc.suspend()
+
+    def resume(self):
+        """Resume process execution with SIGCONT pre-emptively checking
+        whether PID has been reused.
+        On Windows this has the effect of resuming all process threads.
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            self._send_signal(signal.SIGCONT)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            self._proc.resume()
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        """Terminate the process with SIGTERM pre-emptively checking
+        whether PID has been reused.
+        On Windows this is an alias for kill().
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            self._send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            self._proc.kill()
+
+    def kill(self):
+        """Kill the current process with SIGKILL pre-emptively checking
+        whether PID has been reused.
+        """
+        if POSIX:
+            self._send_signal(signal.SIGKILL)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self._raise_if_pid_reused()
+            self._proc.kill()
+
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        """Wait for process to terminate and, if process is a children
+        of os.getpid(), also return its exit code, else None.
+        On Windows there's no such limitation (exit code is always
+        returned).
+
+        If the process is already terminated immediately return None
+        instead of raising NoSuchProcess.
+
+        If *timeout* (in seconds) is specified and process is still
+        alive raise TimeoutExpired.
+
+        To wait for multiple Process(es) use psutil.wait_procs().
+        """
+        if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0:
+            msg = "timeout must be a positive integer"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if self._exitcode is not _SENTINEL:
+            return self._exitcode
+        self._exitcode = self._proc.wait(timeout)
+        return self._exitcode
+
+
+# The valid attr names which can be processed by Process.as_dict().
+# fmt: off
+_as_dict_attrnames = set(
+    [x for x in dir(Process) if not x.startswith('_') and x not in
+     {'send_signal', 'suspend', 'resume', 'terminate', 'kill', 'wait',
+      'is_running', 'as_dict', 'parent', 'parents', 'children', 'rlimit',
+      'memory_info_ex', 'connections', 'oneshot'}])
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Popen class
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+class Popen(Process):
+    """Same as subprocess.Popen, but in addition it provides all
+    psutil.Process methods in a single class.
+    For the following methods which are common to both classes, psutil
+    implementation takes precedence:
+
+    * send_signal()
+    * terminate()
+    * kill()
+
+    This is done in order to avoid killing another process in case its
+    PID has been reused, fixing BPO-6973.
+
+      >>> import psutil
+      >>> from subprocess import PIPE
+      >>> p = psutil.Popen(["python", "-c", "print 'hi'"], stdout=PIPE)
+      >>> p.name()
+      'python'
+      >>> p.uids()
+      user(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000)
+      >>> p.username()
+      'giampaolo'
+      >>> p.communicate()
+      ('hi', None)
+      >>> p.terminate()
+      >>> p.wait(timeout=2)
+      0
+      >>>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # Explicitly avoid to raise NoSuchProcess in case the process
+        # spawned by subprocess.Popen terminates too quickly, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/193
+        self.__subproc = subprocess.Popen(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._init(self.__subproc.pid, _ignore_nsp=True)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return sorted(set(dir(Popen) + dir(subprocess.Popen)))
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__enter__'):
+            self.__subproc.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__exit__'):
+            return self.__subproc.__exit__(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            if self.stdout:
+                self.stdout.close()
+            if self.stderr:
+                self.stderr.close()
+            try:
+                # Flushing a BufferedWriter may raise an error.
+                if self.stdin:
+                    self.stdin.close()
+            finally:
+                # Wait for the process to terminate, to avoid zombies.
+                self.wait()
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                return object.__getattribute__(self.__subproc, name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                msg = "%s instance has no attribute '%s'" % (
+                    self.__class__.__name__,
+                    name,
+                )
+                raise AttributeError(msg)
+
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        if self.__subproc.returncode is not None:
+            return self.__subproc.returncode
+        ret = super(Popen, self).wait(timeout)  # noqa
+        self.__subproc.returncode = ret
+        return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system processes related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def pids():
+    """Return a list of current running PIDs."""
+    global _LOWEST_PID
+    ret = sorted(_psplatform.pids())
+    _LOWEST_PID = ret[0]
+    return ret
+
+
+def pid_exists(pid):
+    """Return True if given PID exists in the current process list.
+    This is faster than doing "pid in psutil.pids()" and
+    should be preferred.
+    """
+    if pid < 0:
+        return False
+    elif pid == 0 and POSIX:
+        # On POSIX we use os.kill() to determine PID existence.
+        # According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 has a special meaning
+        # though: it refers to <<every process in the process
+        # group of the calling process>> and that is not we want
+        # to do here.
+        return pid in pids()
+    else:
+        return _psplatform.pid_exists(pid)
+
+
+_pmap = {}
+_pids_reused = set()
+
+
+def process_iter(attrs=None, ad_value=None):
+    """Return a generator yielding a Process instance for all
+    running processes.
+
+    Every new Process instance is only created once and then cached
+    into an internal table which is updated every time this is used.
+    Cache can optionally be cleared via `process_iter.clear_cache()`.
+
+    The sorting order in which processes are yielded is based on
+    their PIDs.
+
+    *attrs* and *ad_value* have the same meaning as in
+    Process.as_dict(). If *attrs* is specified as_dict() is called
+    and the resulting dict is stored as a 'info' attribute attached
+    to returned Process instance.
+    If *attrs* is an empty list it will retrieve all process info
+    (slow).
+    """
+    global _pmap
+
+    def add(pid):
+        proc = Process(pid)
+        pmap[proc.pid] = proc
+        return proc
+
+    def remove(pid):
+        pmap.pop(pid, None)
+
+    pmap = _pmap.copy()
+    a = set(pids())
+    b = set(pmap.keys())
+    new_pids = a - b
+    gone_pids = b - a
+    for pid in gone_pids:
+        remove(pid)
+    while _pids_reused:
+        pid = _pids_reused.pop()
+        debug("refreshing Process instance for reused PID %s" % pid)
+        remove(pid)
+    try:
+        ls = sorted(list(pmap.items()) + list(dict.fromkeys(new_pids).items()))
+        for pid, proc in ls:
+            try:
+                if proc is None:  # new process
+                    proc = add(pid)
+                if attrs is not None:
+                    proc.info = proc.as_dict(attrs=attrs, ad_value=ad_value)
+                yield proc
+            except NoSuchProcess:
+                remove(pid)
+    finally:
+        _pmap = pmap
+
+
+process_iter.cache_clear = lambda: _pmap.clear()  # noqa
+process_iter.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clear process_iter() internal cache."
+
+
+def wait_procs(procs, timeout=None, callback=None):
+    """Convenience function which waits for a list of processes to
+    terminate.
+
+    Return a (gone, alive) tuple indicating which processes
+    are gone and which ones are still alive.
+
+    The gone ones will have a new *returncode* attribute indicating
+    process exit status (may be None).
+
+    *callback* is a function which gets called every time a process
+    terminates (a Process instance is passed as callback argument).
+
+    Function will return as soon as all processes terminate or when
+    *timeout* occurs.
+    Differently from Process.wait() it will not raise TimeoutExpired if
+    *timeout* occurs.
+
+    Typical use case is:
+
+     - send SIGTERM to a list of processes
+     - give them some time to terminate
+     - send SIGKILL to those ones which are still alive
+
+    Example:
+
+    >>> def on_terminate(proc):
+    ...     print("process {} terminated".format(proc))
+    ...
+    >>> for p in procs:
+    ...    p.terminate()
+    ...
+    >>> gone, alive = wait_procs(procs, timeout=3, callback=on_terminate)
+    >>> for p in alive:
+    ...     p.kill()
+    """
+
+    def check_gone(proc, timeout):
+        try:
+            returncode = proc.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        except TimeoutExpired:
+            pass
+        except _SubprocessTimeoutExpired:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if returncode is not None or not proc.is_running():
+                # Set new Process instance attribute.
+                proc.returncode = returncode
+                gone.add(proc)
+                if callback is not None:
+                    callback(proc)
+
+    if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0:
+        msg = "timeout must be a positive integer, got %s" % timeout
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    gone = set()
+    alive = set(procs)
+    if callback is not None and not callable(callback):
+        msg = "callback %r is not a callable" % callback
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    if timeout is not None:
+        deadline = _timer() + timeout
+
+    while alive:
+        if timeout is not None and timeout <= 0:
+            break
+        for proc in alive:
+            # Make sure that every complete iteration (all processes)
+            # will last max 1 sec.
+            # We do this because we don't want to wait too long on a
+            # single process: in case it terminates too late other
+            # processes may disappear in the meantime and their PID
+            # reused.
+            max_timeout = 1.0 / len(alive)
+            if timeout is not None:
+                timeout = min((deadline - _timer()), max_timeout)
+                if timeout <= 0:
+                    break
+                check_gone(proc, timeout)
+            else:
+                check_gone(proc, max_timeout)
+        alive = alive - gone  # noqa PLR6104
+
+    if alive:
+        # Last attempt over processes survived so far.
+        # timeout == 0 won't make this function wait any further.
+        for proc in alive:
+            check_gone(proc, 0)
+        alive = alive - gone  # noqa: PLR6104
+
+    return (list(gone), list(alive))
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_count(logical=True):
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system (same as
+    os.cpu_count() in Python 3.4).
+
+    If *logical* is False return the number of physical cores only
+    (e.g. hyper thread CPUs are excluded).
+
+    Return None if undetermined.
+
+    The return value is cached after first call.
+    If desired cache can be cleared like this:
+
+    >>> psutil.cpu_count.cache_clear()
+    """
+    if logical:
+        ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_logical()
+    else:
+        ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_cores()
+    if ret is not None and ret < 1:
+        ret = None
+    return ret
+
+
+def cpu_times(percpu=False):
+    """Return system-wide CPU times as a namedtuple.
+    Every CPU time represents the seconds the CPU has spent in the
+    given mode. The namedtuple's fields availability varies depending on the
+    platform:
+
+     - user
+     - system
+     - idle
+     - nice (UNIX)
+     - iowait (Linux)
+     - irq (Linux, FreeBSD)
+     - softirq (Linux)
+     - steal (Linux >= 2.6.11)
+     - guest (Linux >= 2.6.24)
+     - guest_nice (Linux >= 3.2.0)
+
+    When *percpu* is True return a list of namedtuples for each CPU.
+    First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element
+    to second CPU and so on.
+    The order of the list is consistent across calls.
+    """
+    if not percpu:
+        return _psplatform.cpu_times()
+    else:
+        return _psplatform.per_cpu_times()
+
+
+try:
+    _last_cpu_times = {threading.current_thread().ident: cpu_times()}
+except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+    # Don't want to crash at import time.
+    _last_cpu_times = {}
+
+try:
+    _last_per_cpu_times = {
+        threading.current_thread().ident: cpu_times(percpu=True)
+    }
+except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+    # Don't want to crash at import time.
+    _last_per_cpu_times = {}
+
+
+def _cpu_tot_time(times):
+    """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the total CPU time
+    (including idle time).
+    """
+    tot = sum(times)
+    if LINUX:
+        # On Linux guest times are already accounted in "user" or
+        # "nice" times, so we subtract them from total.
+        # Htop does the same. References:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/940
+        # http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/178045
+        # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/
+        #     447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/
+        #     cputime.c#L158
+        tot -= getattr(times, "guest", 0)  # Linux 2.6.24+
+        tot -= getattr(times, "guest_nice", 0)  # Linux 3.2.0+
+    return tot
+
+
+def _cpu_busy_time(times):
+    """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the busy CPU time.
+    We do so by subtracting all idle CPU times.
+    """
+    busy = _cpu_tot_time(times)
+    busy -= times.idle
+    # Linux: "iowait" is time during which the CPU does not do anything
+    # (waits for IO to complete). On Linux IO wait is *not* accounted
+    # in "idle" time so we subtract it. Htop does the same.
+    # References:
+    # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/
+    #     447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/cputime.c#L244
+    busy -= getattr(times, "iowait", 0)
+    return busy
+
+
+def _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2):
+    assert t1._fields == t2._fields, (t1, t2)
+    field_deltas = []
+    for field in _psplatform.scputimes._fields:
+        field_delta = getattr(t2, field) - getattr(t1, field)
+        # CPU times are always supposed to increase over time
+        # or at least remain the same and that's because time
+        # cannot go backwards.
+        # Surprisingly sometimes this might not be the case (at
+        # least on Windows and Linux), see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/392
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/645
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1210
+        # Trim negative deltas to zero to ignore decreasing fields.
+        # top does the same. Reference:
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/v3.3.12/top/top.c#L5063
+        field_delta = max(0, field_delta)
+        field_deltas.append(field_delta)
+    return _psplatform.scputimes(*field_deltas)
+
+
+def cpu_percent(interval=None, percpu=False):
+    """Return a float representing the current system-wide CPU
+    utilization as a percentage.
+
+    When *interval* is > 0.0 compares system CPU times elapsed before
+    and after the interval (blocking).
+
+    When *interval* is 0.0 or None compares system CPU times elapsed
+    since last call or module import, returning immediately (non
+    blocking). That means the first time this is called it will
+    return a meaningless 0.0 value which you should ignore.
+    In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function be
+    called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls.
+
+    When *percpu* is True returns a list of floats representing the
+    utilization as a percentage for each CPU.
+    First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element
+    to second CPU and so on.
+    The order of the list is consistent across calls.
+
+    Examples:
+
+      >>> # blocking, system-wide
+      >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
+      2.0
+      >>>
+      >>> # blocking, per-cpu
+      >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True)
+      [2.0, 1.0]
+      >>>
+      >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call)
+      >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None)
+      2.9
+      >>>
+    """
+    tid = threading.current_thread().ident
+    blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0
+    if interval is not None and interval < 0:
+        msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def calculate(t1, t2):
+        times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2)
+        all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta)
+        busy_delta = _cpu_busy_time(times_delta)
+
+        try:
+            busy_perc = (busy_delta / all_delta) * 100
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            return 0.0
+        else:
+            return round(busy_perc, 1)
+
+    # system-wide usage
+    if not percpu:
+        if blocking:
+            t1 = cpu_times()
+            time.sleep(interval)
+        else:
+            t1 = _last_cpu_times.get(tid) or cpu_times()
+        _last_cpu_times[tid] = cpu_times()
+        return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times[tid])
+    # per-cpu usage
+    else:
+        ret = []
+        if blocking:
+            tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True)
+            time.sleep(interval)
+        else:
+            tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times.get(tid) or cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        _last_per_cpu_times[tid] = cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times[tid]):
+            ret.append(calculate(t1, t2))
+        return ret
+
+
+# Use a separate dict for cpu_times_percent(), so it's independent from
+# cpu_percent() and they can both be used within the same program.
+_last_cpu_times_2 = _last_cpu_times.copy()
+_last_per_cpu_times_2 = _last_per_cpu_times.copy()
+
+
+def cpu_times_percent(interval=None, percpu=False):
+    """Same as cpu_percent() but provides utilization percentages
+    for each specific CPU time as is returned by cpu_times().
+    For instance, on Linux we'll get:
+
+      >>> cpu_times_percent()
+      cpupercent(user=4.8, nice=0.0, system=4.8, idle=90.5, iowait=0.0,
+                 irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
+      >>>
+
+    *interval* and *percpu* arguments have the same meaning as in
+    cpu_percent().
+    """
+    tid = threading.current_thread().ident
+    blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0
+    if interval is not None and interval < 0:
+        msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def calculate(t1, t2):
+        nums = []
+        times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2)
+        all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta)
+        # "scale" is the value to multiply each delta with to get percentages.
+        # We use "max" to avoid division by zero (if all_delta is 0, then all
+        # fields are 0 so percentages will be 0 too. all_delta cannot be a
+        # fraction because cpu times are integers)
+        scale = 100.0 / max(1, all_delta)
+        for field_delta in times_delta:
+            field_perc = field_delta * scale
+            field_perc = round(field_perc, 1)
+            # make sure we don't return negative values or values over 100%
+            field_perc = min(max(0.0, field_perc), 100.0)
+            nums.append(field_perc)
+        return _psplatform.scputimes(*nums)
+
+    # system-wide usage
+    if not percpu:
+        if blocking:
+            t1 = cpu_times()
+            time.sleep(interval)
+        else:
+            t1 = _last_cpu_times_2.get(tid) or cpu_times()
+        _last_cpu_times_2[tid] = cpu_times()
+        return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times_2[tid])
+    # per-cpu usage
+    else:
+        ret = []
+        if blocking:
+            tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True)
+            time.sleep(interval)
+        else:
+            tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times_2.get(tid) or cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        _last_per_cpu_times_2[tid] = cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times_2[tid]):
+            ret.append(calculate(t1, t2))
+        return ret
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return CPU statistics."""
+    return _psplatform.cpu_stats()
+
+
+if hasattr(_psplatform, "cpu_freq"):
+
+    def cpu_freq(percpu=False):
+        """Return CPU frequency as a namedtuple including current,
+        min and max frequency expressed in Mhz.
+
+        If *percpu* is True and the system supports per-cpu frequency
+        retrieval (Linux only) a list of frequencies is returned for
+        each CPU. If not a list with one element is returned.
+        """
+        ret = _psplatform.cpu_freq()
+        if percpu:
+            return ret
+        else:
+            num_cpus = float(len(ret))
+            if num_cpus == 0:
+                return None
+            elif num_cpus == 1:
+                return ret[0]
+            else:
+                currs, mins, maxs = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
+                set_none = False
+                for cpu in ret:
+                    currs += cpu.current
+                    # On Linux if /proc/cpuinfo is used min/max are set
+                    # to None.
+                    if LINUX and cpu.min is None:
+                        set_none = True
+                        continue
+                    mins += cpu.min
+                    maxs += cpu.max
+
+                current = currs / num_cpus
+
+                if set_none:
+                    min_ = max_ = None
+                else:
+                    min_ = mins / num_cpus
+                    max_ = maxs / num_cpus
+
+                return _common.scpufreq(current, min_, max_)
+
+    __all__.append("cpu_freq")
+
+
+if hasattr(os, "getloadavg") or hasattr(_psplatform, "getloadavg"):
+    # Perform this hasattr check once on import time to either use the
+    # platform based code or proxy straight from the os module.
+    if hasattr(os, "getloadavg"):
+        getloadavg = os.getloadavg
+    else:
+        getloadavg = _psplatform.getloadavg
+
+    __all__.append("getloadavg")
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system memory related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    """Return statistics about system memory usage as a namedtuple
+    including the following fields, expressed in bytes:
+
+     - total:
+       total physical memory available.
+
+     - available:
+       the memory that can be given instantly to processes without the
+       system going into swap.
+       This is calculated by summing different memory values depending
+       on the platform and it is supposed to be used to monitor actual
+       memory usage in a cross platform fashion.
+
+     - percent:
+       the percentage usage calculated as (total - available) / total * 100
+
+     - used:
+        memory used, calculated differently depending on the platform and
+        designed for informational purposes only:
+        macOS: active + wired
+        BSD: active + wired + cached
+        Linux: total - free
+
+     - free:
+       memory not being used at all (zeroed) that is readily available;
+       note that this doesn't reflect the actual memory available
+       (use 'available' instead)
+
+    Platform-specific fields:
+
+     - active (UNIX):
+       memory currently in use or very recently used, and so it is in RAM.
+
+     - inactive (UNIX):
+       memory that is marked as not used.
+
+     - buffers (BSD, Linux):
+       cache for things like file system metadata.
+
+     - cached (BSD, macOS):
+       cache for various things.
+
+     - wired (macOS, BSD):
+       memory that is marked to always stay in RAM. It is never moved to disk.
+
+     - shared (BSD):
+       memory that may be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes.
+
+    The sum of 'used' and 'available' does not necessarily equal total.
+    On Windows 'available' and 'free' are the same.
+    """
+    global _TOTAL_PHYMEM
+    ret = _psplatform.virtual_memory()
+    # cached for later use in Process.memory_percent()
+    _TOTAL_PHYMEM = ret.total
+    return ret
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Return system swap memory statistics as a namedtuple including
+    the following fields:
+
+     - total:   total swap memory in bytes
+     - used:    used swap memory in bytes
+     - free:    free swap memory in bytes
+     - percent: the percentage usage
+     - sin:     no. of bytes the system has swapped in from disk (cumulative)
+     - sout:    no. of bytes the system has swapped out from disk (cumulative)
+
+    'sin' and 'sout' on Windows are meaningless and always set to 0.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.swap_memory()
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks/partitions related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def disk_usage(path):
+    """Return disk usage statistics about the given *path* as a
+    namedtuple including total, used and free space expressed in bytes
+    plus the percentage usage.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.disk_usage(path)
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return mounted partitions as a list of
+    (device, mountpoint, fstype, opts) namedtuple.
+    'opts' field is a raw string separated by commas indicating mount
+    options which may vary depending on the platform.
+
+    If *all* parameter is False return physical devices only and ignore
+    all others.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.disk_partitions(all)
+
+
+def disk_io_counters(perdisk=False, nowrap=True):
+    """Return system disk I/O statistics as a namedtuple including
+    the following fields:
+
+     - read_count:  number of reads
+     - write_count: number of writes
+     - read_bytes:  number of bytes read
+     - write_bytes: number of bytes written
+     - read_time:   time spent reading from disk (in ms)
+     - write_time:  time spent writing to disk (in ms)
+
+    Platform specific:
+
+     - busy_time: (Linux, FreeBSD) time spent doing actual I/Os (in ms)
+     - read_merged_count (Linux): number of merged reads
+     - write_merged_count (Linux): number of merged writes
+
+    If *perdisk* is True return the same information for every
+    physical disk installed on the system as a dictionary
+    with partition names as the keys and the namedtuple
+    described above as the values.
+
+    If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow
+    and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that
+    the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same,
+    but never decrease.
+    "disk_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the
+    cache.
+
+    On recent Windows versions 'diskperf -y' command may need to be
+    executed first otherwise this function won't find any disk.
+    """
+    kwargs = dict(perdisk=perdisk) if LINUX else {}
+    rawdict = _psplatform.disk_io_counters(**kwargs)
+    if not rawdict:
+        return {} if perdisk else None
+    if nowrap:
+        rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.disk_io_counters')
+    nt = getattr(_psplatform, "sdiskio", _common.sdiskio)
+    if perdisk:
+        for disk, fields in rawdict.items():
+            rawdict[disk] = nt(*fields)
+        return rawdict
+    else:
+        return nt(*(sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values())))
+
+
+disk_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial(
+    _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.disk_io_counters'
+)
+disk_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache"
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def net_io_counters(pernic=False, nowrap=True):
+    """Return network I/O statistics as a namedtuple including
+    the following fields:
+
+     - bytes_sent:   number of bytes sent
+     - bytes_recv:   number of bytes received
+     - packets_sent: number of packets sent
+     - packets_recv: number of packets received
+     - errin:        total number of errors while receiving
+     - errout:       total number of errors while sending
+     - dropin:       total number of incoming packets which were dropped
+     - dropout:      total number of outgoing packets which were dropped
+                     (always 0 on macOS and BSD)
+
+    If *pernic* is True return the same information for every
+    network interface installed on the system as a dictionary
+    with network interface names as the keys and the namedtuple
+    described above as the values.
+
+    If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow
+    and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that
+    the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same,
+    but never decrease.
+    "net_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the
+    cache.
+    """
+    rawdict = _psplatform.net_io_counters()
+    if not rawdict:
+        return {} if pernic else None
+    if nowrap:
+        rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.net_io_counters')
+    if pernic:
+        for nic, fields in rawdict.items():
+            rawdict[nic] = _common.snetio(*fields)
+        return rawdict
+    else:
+        return _common.snetio(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values())])
+
+
+net_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial(
+    _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.net_io_counters'
+)
+net_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache"
+
+
+def net_connections(kind='inet'):
+    """Return system-wide socket connections as a list of
+    (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid) namedtuples.
+    In case of limited privileges 'fd' and 'pid' may be set to -1
+    and None respectively.
+    The *kind* parameter filters for connections that fit the
+    following criteria:
+
+    +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+    | Kind Value | Connections using                                  |
+    +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+    | inet       | IPv4 and IPv6                                      |
+    | inet4      | IPv4                                               |
+    | inet6      | IPv6                                               |
+    | tcp        | TCP                                                |
+    | tcp4       | TCP over IPv4                                      |
+    | tcp6       | TCP over IPv6                                      |
+    | udp        | UDP                                                |
+    | udp4       | UDP over IPv4                                      |
+    | udp6       | UDP over IPv6                                      |
+    | unix       | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols)           |
+    | all        | the sum of all the possible families and protocols |
+    +------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+
+    On macOS this function requires root privileges.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.net_connections(kind)
+
+
+def net_if_addrs():
+    """Return the addresses associated to each NIC (network interface
+    card) installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the
+    NIC names and value is a list of namedtuples for each address
+    assigned to the NIC. Each namedtuple includes 5 fields:
+
+     - family: can be either socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6 or
+               psutil.AF_LINK, which refers to a MAC address.
+     - address: is the primary address and it is always set.
+     - netmask: and 'broadcast' and 'ptp' may be None.
+     - ptp: stands for "point to point" and references the
+            destination address on a point to point interface
+            (typically a VPN).
+     - broadcast: and *ptp* are mutually exclusive.
+
+    Note: you can have more than one address of the same family
+    associated with each interface.
+    """
+    has_enums = _PY3
+    if has_enums:
+        import socket
+    rawlist = _psplatform.net_if_addrs()
+    rawlist.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])  # sort by family
+    ret = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    for name, fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp in rawlist:
+        if has_enums:
+            try:
+                fam = socket.AddressFamily(fam)
+            except ValueError:
+                if WINDOWS and fam == -1:
+                    fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK
+                elif (
+                    hasattr(_psplatform, "AF_LINK")
+                    and fam == _psplatform.AF_LINK
+                ):
+                    # Linux defines AF_LINK as an alias for AF_PACKET.
+                    # We re-set the family here so that repr(family)
+                    # will show AF_LINK rather than AF_PACKET
+                    fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK
+        if fam == _psplatform.AF_LINK:
+            # The underlying C function may return an incomplete MAC
+            # address in which case we fill it with null bytes, see:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/786
+            separator = ":" if POSIX else "-"
+            while addr.count(separator) < 5:
+                addr += "%s00" % separator
+        ret[name].append(_common.snicaddr(fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp))
+    return dict(ret)
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Return information about each NIC (network interface card)
+    installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the
+    NIC names and value is a namedtuple with the following fields:
+
+     - isup: whether the interface is up (bool)
+     - duplex: can be either NIC_DUPLEX_FULL, NIC_DUPLEX_HALF or
+               NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
+     - speed: the NIC speed expressed in mega bits (MB); if it can't
+              be determined (e.g. 'localhost') it will be set to 0.
+     - mtu: the maximum transmission unit expressed in bytes.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.net_if_stats()
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# Linux, macOS
+if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_temperatures"):
+
+    def sensors_temperatures(fahrenheit=False):
+        """Return hardware temperatures. Each entry is a namedtuple
+        representing a certain hardware sensor (it may be a CPU, an
+        hard disk or something else, depending on the OS and its
+        configuration).
+        All temperatures are expressed in celsius unless *fahrenheit*
+        is set to True.
+        """
+
+        def convert(n):
+            if n is not None:
+                return (float(n) * 9 / 5) + 32 if fahrenheit else n
+
+        ret = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        rawdict = _psplatform.sensors_temperatures()
+
+        for name, values in rawdict.items():
+            while values:
+                label, current, high, critical = values.pop(0)
+                current = convert(current)
+                high = convert(high)
+                critical = convert(critical)
+
+                if high and not critical:
+                    critical = high
+                elif critical and not high:
+                    high = critical
+
+                ret[name].append(
+                    _common.shwtemp(label, current, high, critical)
+                )
+
+        return dict(ret)
+
+    __all__.append("sensors_temperatures")
+
+
+# Linux
+if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_fans"):
+
+    def sensors_fans():
+        """Return fans speed. Each entry is a namedtuple
+        representing a certain hardware sensor.
+        All speed are expressed in RPM (rounds per minute).
+        """
+        return _psplatform.sensors_fans()
+
+    __all__.append("sensors_fans")
+
+
+# Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, macOS
+if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_battery"):
+
+    def sensors_battery():
+        """Return battery information. If no battery is installed
+        returns None.
+
+         - percent: battery power left as a percentage.
+         - secsleft: a rough approximation of how many seconds are left
+                     before the battery runs out of power. May be
+                     POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED or POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED.
+         - power_plugged: True if the AC power cable is connected.
+        """
+        return _psplatform.sensors_battery()
+
+    __all__.append("sensors_battery")
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system related functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """Return the system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    # Note: we are not caching this because it is subject to
+    # system clock updates.
+    return _psplatform.boot_time()
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return users currently connected on the system as a list of
+    namedtuples including the following fields.
+
+     - user: the name of the user
+     - terminal: the tty or pseudo-tty associated with the user, if any.
+     - host: the host name associated with the entry, if any.
+     - started: the creation time as a floating point number expressed in
+       seconds since the epoch.
+    """
+    return _psplatform.users()
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Windows services
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+if WINDOWS:
+
+    def win_service_iter():
+        """Return a generator yielding a WindowsService instance for all
+        Windows services installed.
+        """
+        return _psplatform.win_service_iter()
+
+    def win_service_get(name):
+        """Get a Windows service by *name*.
+        Raise NoSuchProcess if no service with such name exists.
+        """
+        return _psplatform.win_service_get(name)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def _set_debug(value):
+    """Enable or disable PSUTIL_DEBUG option, which prints debugging
+    messages to stderr.
+    """
+    import psutil._common
+
+    psutil._common.PSUTIL_DEBUG = bool(value)
+    _psplatform.cext.set_debug(bool(value))
+
+
+def test():  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._common import bytes2human
+    from ._compat import get_terminal_size
+
+    today_day = datetime.date.today()
+    # fmt: off
+    templ = "%-10s %5s %5s %7s %7s %5s %6s %6s %6s  %s"
+    attrs = ['pid', 'memory_percent', 'name', 'cmdline', 'cpu_times',
+             'create_time', 'memory_info', 'status', 'nice', 'username']
+    print(templ % ("USER", "PID", "%MEM", "VSZ", "RSS", "NICE",  # NOQA
+                   "STATUS", "START", "TIME", "CMDLINE"))
+    # fmt: on
+    for p in process_iter(attrs, ad_value=None):
+        if p.info['create_time']:
+            ctime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(p.info['create_time'])
+            if ctime.date() == today_day:
+                ctime = ctime.strftime("%H:%M")
+            else:
+                ctime = ctime.strftime("%b%d")
+        else:
+            ctime = ''
+        if p.info['cpu_times']:
+            cputime = time.strftime(
+                "%M:%S", time.localtime(sum(p.info['cpu_times']))
+            )
+        else:
+            cputime = ''
+
+        user = p.info['username'] or ''
+        if not user and POSIX:
+            try:
+                user = p.uids()[0]
+            except Error:
+                pass
+        if user and WINDOWS and '\\' in user:
+            user = user.split('\\')[1]
+        user = user[:9]
+        vms = (
+            bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].vms)
+            if p.info['memory_info'] is not None
+            else ''
+        )
+        rss = (
+            bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].rss)
+            if p.info['memory_info'] is not None
+            else ''
+        )
+        memp = (
+            round(p.info['memory_percent'], 1)
+            if p.info['memory_percent'] is not None
+            else ''
+        )
+        nice = int(p.info['nice']) if p.info['nice'] else ''
+        if p.info['cmdline']:
+            cmdline = ' '.join(p.info['cmdline'])
+        else:
+            cmdline = p.info['name']
+        status = p.info['status'][:5] if p.info['status'] else ''
+
+        line = templ % (
+            user[:10],
+            p.info['pid'],
+            memp,
+            vms,
+            rss,
+            nice,
+            status,
+            ctime,
+            cputime,
+            cmdline,
+        )
+        print(line[: get_terminal_size()[0]])  # NOQA
+
+
+del memoize_when_activated, division
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    del num, x  # noqa
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_common.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_common.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b99b093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,994 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Common objects shared by __init__.py and _ps*.py modules."""
+
+# Note: this module is imported by setup.py so it should not import
+# psutil or third-party modules.
+
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections import namedtuple
+from socket import AF_INET
+from socket import SOCK_DGRAM
+from socket import SOCK_STREAM
+
+
+try:
+    from socket import AF_INET6
+except ImportError:
+    AF_INET6 = None
+try:
+    from socket import AF_UNIX
+except ImportError:
+    AF_UNIX = None
+
+
+# can't take it from _common.py as this script is imported by setup.py
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+if PY3:
+    import enum
+else:
+    enum = None
+
+
+PSUTIL_DEBUG = bool(os.getenv('PSUTIL_DEBUG'))
+_DEFAULT = object()
+
+# fmt: off
+__all__ = [
+    # OS constants
+    'FREEBSD', 'BSD', 'LINUX', 'NETBSD', 'OPENBSD', 'MACOS', 'OSX', 'POSIX',
+    'SUNOS', 'WINDOWS',
+    # connection constants
+    'CONN_CLOSE', 'CONN_CLOSE_WAIT', 'CONN_CLOSING', 'CONN_ESTABLISHED',
+    'CONN_FIN_WAIT1', 'CONN_FIN_WAIT2', 'CONN_LAST_ACK', 'CONN_LISTEN',
+    'CONN_NONE', 'CONN_SYN_RECV', 'CONN_SYN_SENT', 'CONN_TIME_WAIT',
+    # net constants
+    'NIC_DUPLEX_FULL', 'NIC_DUPLEX_HALF', 'NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN',
+    # process status constants
+    'STATUS_DEAD', 'STATUS_DISK_SLEEP', 'STATUS_IDLE', 'STATUS_LOCKED',
+    'STATUS_RUNNING', 'STATUS_SLEEPING', 'STATUS_STOPPED', 'STATUS_SUSPENDED',
+    'STATUS_TRACING_STOP', 'STATUS_WAITING', 'STATUS_WAKE_KILL',
+    'STATUS_WAKING', 'STATUS_ZOMBIE', 'STATUS_PARKED',
+    # other constants
+    'ENCODING', 'ENCODING_ERRS', 'AF_INET6',
+    # named tuples
+    'pconn', 'pcputimes', 'pctxsw', 'pgids', 'pio', 'pionice', 'popenfile',
+    'pthread', 'puids', 'sconn', 'scpustats', 'sdiskio', 'sdiskpart',
+    'sdiskusage', 'snetio', 'snicaddr', 'snicstats', 'sswap', 'suser',
+    # utility functions
+    'conn_tmap', 'deprecated_method', 'isfile_strict', 'memoize',
+    'parse_environ_block', 'path_exists_strict', 'usage_percent',
+    'supports_ipv6', 'sockfam_to_enum', 'socktype_to_enum', "wrap_numbers",
+    'open_text', 'open_binary', 'cat', 'bcat',
+    'bytes2human', 'conn_to_ntuple', 'debug',
+    # shell utils
+    'hilite', 'term_supports_colors', 'print_color',
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- OS constants
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+POSIX = os.name == "posix"
+WINDOWS = os.name == "nt"
+LINUX = sys.platform.startswith("linux")
+MACOS = sys.platform.startswith("darwin")
+OSX = MACOS  # deprecated alias
+FREEBSD = sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "midnightbsd"))
+OPENBSD = sys.platform.startswith("openbsd")
+NETBSD = sys.platform.startswith("netbsd")
+BSD = FREEBSD or OPENBSD or NETBSD
+SUNOS = sys.platform.startswith(("sunos", "solaris"))
+AIX = sys.platform.startswith("aix")
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- API constants
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+# Process.status()
+STATUS_RUNNING = "running"
+STATUS_SLEEPING = "sleeping"
+STATUS_DISK_SLEEP = "disk-sleep"
+STATUS_STOPPED = "stopped"
+STATUS_TRACING_STOP = "tracing-stop"
+STATUS_ZOMBIE = "zombie"
+STATUS_DEAD = "dead"
+STATUS_WAKE_KILL = "wake-kill"
+STATUS_WAKING = "waking"
+STATUS_IDLE = "idle"  # Linux, macOS, FreeBSD
+STATUS_LOCKED = "locked"  # FreeBSD
+STATUS_WAITING = "waiting"  # FreeBSD
+STATUS_SUSPENDED = "suspended"  # NetBSD
+STATUS_PARKED = "parked"  # Linux
+
+# Process.net_connections() and psutil.net_connections()
+CONN_ESTABLISHED = "ESTABLISHED"
+CONN_SYN_SENT = "SYN_SENT"
+CONN_SYN_RECV = "SYN_RECV"
+CONN_FIN_WAIT1 = "FIN_WAIT1"
+CONN_FIN_WAIT2 = "FIN_WAIT2"
+CONN_TIME_WAIT = "TIME_WAIT"
+CONN_CLOSE = "CLOSE"
+CONN_CLOSE_WAIT = "CLOSE_WAIT"
+CONN_LAST_ACK = "LAST_ACK"
+CONN_LISTEN = "LISTEN"
+CONN_CLOSING = "CLOSING"
+CONN_NONE = "NONE"
+
+# net_if_stats()
+if enum is None:
+    NIC_DUPLEX_FULL = 2
+    NIC_DUPLEX_HALF = 1
+    NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN = 0
+else:
+
+    class NicDuplex(enum.IntEnum):
+        NIC_DUPLEX_FULL = 2
+        NIC_DUPLEX_HALF = 1
+        NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN = 0
+
+    globals().update(NicDuplex.__members__)
+
+# sensors_battery()
+if enum is None:
+    POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN = -1
+    POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED = -2
+else:
+
+    class BatteryTime(enum.IntEnum):
+        POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN = -1
+        POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED = -2
+
+    globals().update(BatteryTime.__members__)
+
+# --- others
+
+ENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+if not PY3:
+    ENCODING_ERRS = "replace"
+else:
+    try:
+        ENCODING_ERRS = sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors()  # py 3.6
+    except AttributeError:
+        ENCODING_ERRS = "surrogateescape" if POSIX else "replace"
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- namedtuples
+# ===================================================================
+
+# --- for system functions
+
+# fmt: off
+# psutil.swap_memory()
+sswap = namedtuple('sswap', ['total', 'used', 'free', 'percent', 'sin',
+                             'sout'])
+# psutil.disk_usage()
+sdiskusage = namedtuple('sdiskusage', ['total', 'used', 'free', 'percent'])
+# psutil.disk_io_counters()
+sdiskio = namedtuple('sdiskio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                                 'read_bytes', 'write_bytes',
+                                 'read_time', 'write_time'])
+# psutil.disk_partitions()
+sdiskpart = namedtuple('sdiskpart', ['device', 'mountpoint', 'fstype', 'opts'])
+# psutil.net_io_counters()
+snetio = namedtuple('snetio', ['bytes_sent', 'bytes_recv',
+                               'packets_sent', 'packets_recv',
+                               'errin', 'errout',
+                               'dropin', 'dropout'])
+# psutil.users()
+suser = namedtuple('suser', ['name', 'terminal', 'host', 'started', 'pid'])
+# psutil.net_connections()
+sconn = namedtuple('sconn', ['fd', 'family', 'type', 'laddr', 'raddr',
+                             'status', 'pid'])
+# psutil.net_if_addrs()
+snicaddr = namedtuple('snicaddr',
+                      ['family', 'address', 'netmask', 'broadcast', 'ptp'])
+# psutil.net_if_stats()
+snicstats = namedtuple('snicstats',
+                       ['isup', 'duplex', 'speed', 'mtu', 'flags'])
+# psutil.cpu_stats()
+scpustats = namedtuple(
+    'scpustats', ['ctx_switches', 'interrupts', 'soft_interrupts', 'syscalls'])
+# psutil.cpu_freq()
+scpufreq = namedtuple('scpufreq', ['current', 'min', 'max'])
+# psutil.sensors_temperatures()
+shwtemp = namedtuple(
+    'shwtemp', ['label', 'current', 'high', 'critical'])
+# psutil.sensors_battery()
+sbattery = namedtuple('sbattery', ['percent', 'secsleft', 'power_plugged'])
+# psutil.sensors_fans()
+sfan = namedtuple('sfan', ['label', 'current'])
+# fmt: on
+
+# --- for Process methods
+
+# psutil.Process.cpu_times()
+pcputimes = namedtuple(
+    'pcputimes', ['user', 'system', 'children_user', 'children_system']
+)
+# psutil.Process.open_files()
+popenfile = namedtuple('popenfile', ['path', 'fd'])
+# psutil.Process.threads()
+pthread = namedtuple('pthread', ['id', 'user_time', 'system_time'])
+# psutil.Process.uids()
+puids = namedtuple('puids', ['real', 'effective', 'saved'])
+# psutil.Process.gids()
+pgids = namedtuple('pgids', ['real', 'effective', 'saved'])
+# psutil.Process.io_counters()
+pio = namedtuple(
+    'pio', ['read_count', 'write_count', 'read_bytes', 'write_bytes']
+)
+# psutil.Process.ionice()
+pionice = namedtuple('pionice', ['ioclass', 'value'])
+# psutil.Process.ctx_switches()
+pctxsw = namedtuple('pctxsw', ['voluntary', 'involuntary'])
+# psutil.Process.net_connections()
+pconn = namedtuple(
+    'pconn', ['fd', 'family', 'type', 'laddr', 'raddr', 'status']
+)
+
+# psutil.net_connections() and psutil.Process.net_connections()
+addr = namedtuple('addr', ['ip', 'port'])
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Process.net_connections() 'kind' parameter mapping
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+conn_tmap = {
+    "all": ([AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    "tcp": ([AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM]),
+    "tcp4": ([AF_INET], [SOCK_STREAM]),
+    "udp": ([AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    "udp4": ([AF_INET], [SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    "inet": ([AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    "inet4": ([AF_INET], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    "inet6": ([AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM]),
+}
+
+if AF_INET6 is not None:
+    conn_tmap.update({
+        "tcp6": ([AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM]),
+        "udp6": ([AF_INET6], [SOCK_DGRAM]),
+    })
+
+if AF_UNIX is not None:
+    conn_tmap.update({"unix": ([AF_UNIX], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM])})
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Exceptions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    """Base exception class. All other psutil exceptions inherit
+    from this one.
+    """
+
+    __module__ = 'psutil'
+
+    def _infodict(self, attrs):
+        info = collections.OrderedDict()
+        for name in attrs:
+            value = getattr(self, name, None)
+            if value:  # noqa
+                info[name] = value
+            elif name == "pid" and value == 0:
+                info[name] = value
+        return info
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        # invoked on `raise Error`
+        info = self._infodict(("pid", "ppid", "name"))
+        if info:
+            details = "(%s)" % ", ".join(
+                ["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()]
+            )
+        else:
+            details = None
+        return " ".join([x for x in (getattr(self, "msg", ""), details) if x])
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        # invoked on `repr(Error)`
+        info = self._infodict(("pid", "ppid", "name", "seconds", "msg"))
+        details = ", ".join(["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()])
+        return "psutil.%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, details)
+
+
+class NoSuchProcess(Error):
+    """Exception raised when a process with a certain PID doesn't
+    or no longer exists.
+    """
+
+    __module__ = 'psutil'
+
+    def __init__(self, pid, name=None, msg=None):
+        Error.__init__(self)
+        self.pid = pid
+        self.name = name
+        self.msg = msg or "process no longer exists"
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, (self.pid, self.name, self.msg))
+
+
+class ZombieProcess(NoSuchProcess):
+    """Exception raised when querying a zombie process. This is
+    raised on macOS, BSD and Solaris only, and not always: depending
+    on the query the OS may be able to succeed anyway.
+    On Linux all zombie processes are querable (hence this is never
+    raised). Windows doesn't have zombie processes.
+    """
+
+    __module__ = 'psutil'
+
+    def __init__(self, pid, name=None, ppid=None, msg=None):
+        NoSuchProcess.__init__(self, pid, name, msg)
+        self.ppid = ppid
+        self.msg = msg or "PID still exists but it's a zombie"
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, (self.pid, self.name, self.ppid, self.msg))
+
+
+class AccessDenied(Error):
+    """Exception raised when permission to perform an action is denied."""
+
+    __module__ = 'psutil'
+
+    def __init__(self, pid=None, name=None, msg=None):
+        Error.__init__(self)
+        self.pid = pid
+        self.name = name
+        self.msg = msg or ""
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, (self.pid, self.name, self.msg))
+
+
+class TimeoutExpired(Error):
+    """Raised on Process.wait(timeout) if timeout expires and process
+    is still alive.
+    """
+
+    __module__ = 'psutil'
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds, pid=None, name=None):
+        Error.__init__(self)
+        self.seconds = seconds
+        self.pid = pid
+        self.name = name
+        self.msg = "timeout after %s seconds" % seconds
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, (self.seconds, self.pid, self.name))
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- utils
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+# This should be in _compat.py rather than here, but does not work well
+# with setup.py importing this module via a sys.path trick.
+if PY3:
+    if isinstance(__builtins__, dict):  # cpython
+        exec_ = __builtins__["exec"]
+    else:  # pypy
+        exec_ = getattr(__builtins__, "exec")  # noqa
+
+    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+    """)
+else:
+
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+def usage_percent(used, total, round_=None):
+    """Calculate percentage usage of 'used' against 'total'."""
+    try:
+        ret = (float(used) / total) * 100
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        return 0.0
+    else:
+        if round_ is not None:
+            ret = round(ret, round_)
+        return ret
+
+
+def memoize(fun):
+    """A simple memoize decorator for functions supporting (hashable)
+    positional arguments.
+    It also provides a cache_clear() function for clearing the cache:
+
+    >>> @memoize
+    ... def foo()
+    ...     return 1
+        ...
+    >>> foo()
+    1
+    >>> foo.cache_clear()
+    >>>
+
+    It supports:
+     - functions
+     - classes (acts as a @singleton)
+     - staticmethods
+     - classmethods
+
+    It does NOT support:
+     - methods
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        key = (args, frozenset(sorted(kwargs.items())))
+        try:
+            return cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            try:
+                ret = cache[key] = fun(*args, **kwargs)
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+                raise raise_from(err, None)
+            return ret
+
+    def cache_clear():
+        """Clear cache."""
+        cache.clear()
+
+    cache = {}
+    wrapper.cache_clear = cache_clear
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def memoize_when_activated(fun):
+    """A memoize decorator which is disabled by default. It can be
+    activated and deactivated on request.
+    For efficiency reasons it can be used only against class methods
+    accepting no arguments.
+
+    >>> class Foo:
+    ...     @memoize
+    ...     def foo()
+    ...         print(1)
+    ...
+    >>> f = Foo()
+    >>> # deactivated (default)
+    >>> foo()
+    1
+    >>> foo()
+    1
+    >>>
+    >>> # activated
+    >>> foo.cache_activate(self)
+    >>> foo()
+    1
+    >>> foo()
+    >>> foo()
+    >>>
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self):
+        try:
+            # case 1: we previously entered oneshot() ctx
+            ret = self._cache[fun]
+        except AttributeError:
+            # case 2: we never entered oneshot() ctx
+            try:
+                return fun(self)
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+                raise raise_from(err, None)
+        except KeyError:
+            # case 3: we entered oneshot() ctx but there's no cache
+            # for this entry yet
+            try:
+                ret = fun(self)
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+                raise raise_from(err, None)
+            try:
+                self._cache[fun] = ret
+            except AttributeError:
+                # multi-threading race condition, see:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1948
+                pass
+        return ret
+
+    def cache_activate(proc):
+        """Activate cache. Expects a Process instance. Cache will be
+        stored as a "_cache" instance attribute.
+        """
+        proc._cache = {}
+
+    def cache_deactivate(proc):
+        """Deactivate and clear cache."""
+        try:
+            del proc._cache
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    wrapper.cache_activate = cache_activate
+    wrapper.cache_deactivate = cache_deactivate
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def isfile_strict(path):
+    """Same as os.path.isfile() but does not swallow EACCES / EPERM
+    exceptions, see:
+    http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-June/120787.html.
+    """
+    try:
+        st = os.stat(path)
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno in {errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES}:
+            raise
+        return False
+    else:
+        return stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
+
+
+def path_exists_strict(path):
+    """Same as os.path.exists() but does not swallow EACCES / EPERM
+    exceptions. See:
+    http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-June/120787.html.
+    """
+    try:
+        os.stat(path)
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno in {errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES}:
+            raise
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+@memoize
+def supports_ipv6():
+    """Return True if IPv6 is supported on this platform."""
+    if not socket.has_ipv6 or AF_INET6 is None:
+        return False
+    try:
+        sock = socket.socket(AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        with contextlib.closing(sock):
+            sock.bind(("::1", 0))
+        return True
+    except socket.error:
+        return False
+
+
+def parse_environ_block(data):
+    """Parse a C environ block of environment variables into a dictionary."""
+    # The block is usually raw data from the target process.  It might contain
+    # trailing garbage and lines that do not look like assignments.
+    ret = {}
+    pos = 0
+
+    # localize global variable to speed up access.
+    WINDOWS_ = WINDOWS
+    while True:
+        next_pos = data.find("\0", pos)
+        # nul byte at the beginning or double nul byte means finish
+        if next_pos <= pos:
+            break
+        # there might not be an equals sign
+        equal_pos = data.find("=", pos, next_pos)
+        if equal_pos > pos:
+            key = data[pos:equal_pos]
+            value = data[equal_pos + 1 : next_pos]
+            # Windows expects environment variables to be uppercase only
+            if WINDOWS_:
+                key = key.upper()
+            ret[key] = value
+        pos = next_pos + 1
+
+    return ret
+
+
+def sockfam_to_enum(num):
+    """Convert a numeric socket family value to an IntEnum member.
+    If it's not a known member, return the numeric value itself.
+    """
+    if enum is None:
+        return num
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            return socket.AddressFamily(num)
+        except ValueError:
+            return num
+
+
+def socktype_to_enum(num):
+    """Convert a numeric socket type value to an IntEnum member.
+    If it's not a known member, return the numeric value itself.
+    """
+    if enum is None:
+        return num
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            return socket.SocketKind(num)
+        except ValueError:
+            return num
+
+
+def conn_to_ntuple(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, status_map, pid=None):
+    """Convert a raw connection tuple to a proper ntuple."""
+    if fam in {socket.AF_INET, AF_INET6}:
+        if laddr:
+            laddr = addr(*laddr)
+        if raddr:
+            raddr = addr(*raddr)
+    if type_ == socket.SOCK_STREAM and fam in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}:
+        status = status_map.get(status, CONN_NONE)
+    else:
+        status = CONN_NONE  # ignore whatever C returned to us
+    fam = sockfam_to_enum(fam)
+    type_ = socktype_to_enum(type_)
+    if pid is None:
+        return pconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status)
+    else:
+        return sconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid)
+
+
+def deprecated_method(replacement):
+    """A decorator which can be used to mark a method as deprecated
+    'replcement' is the method name which will be called instead.
+    """
+
+    def outer(fun):
+        msg = "%s() is deprecated and will be removed; use %s() instead" % (
+            fun.__name__,
+            replacement,
+        )
+        if fun.__doc__ is None:
+            fun.__doc__ = msg
+
+        @functools.wraps(fun)
+        def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return getattr(self, replacement)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return inner
+
+    return outer
+
+
+class _WrapNumbers:
+    """Watches numbers so that they don't overflow and wrap
+    (reset to zero).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lock = threading.Lock()
+        self.cache = {}
+        self.reminders = {}
+        self.reminder_keys = {}
+
+    def _add_dict(self, input_dict, name):
+        assert name not in self.cache
+        assert name not in self.reminders
+        assert name not in self.reminder_keys
+        self.cache[name] = input_dict
+        self.reminders[name] = collections.defaultdict(int)
+        self.reminder_keys[name] = collections.defaultdict(set)
+
+    def _remove_dead_reminders(self, input_dict, name):
+        """In case the number of keys changed between calls (e.g. a
+        disk disappears) this removes the entry from self.reminders.
+        """
+        old_dict = self.cache[name]
+        gone_keys = set(old_dict.keys()) - set(input_dict.keys())
+        for gone_key in gone_keys:
+            for remkey in self.reminder_keys[name][gone_key]:
+                del self.reminders[name][remkey]
+            del self.reminder_keys[name][gone_key]
+
+    def run(self, input_dict, name):
+        """Cache dict and sum numbers which overflow and wrap.
+        Return an updated copy of `input_dict`.
+        """
+        if name not in self.cache:
+            # This was the first call.
+            self._add_dict(input_dict, name)
+            return input_dict
+
+        self._remove_dead_reminders(input_dict, name)
+
+        old_dict = self.cache[name]
+        new_dict = {}
+        for key in input_dict:
+            input_tuple = input_dict[key]
+            try:
+                old_tuple = old_dict[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                # The input dict has a new key (e.g. a new disk or NIC)
+                # which didn't exist in the previous call.
+                new_dict[key] = input_tuple
+                continue
+
+            bits = []
+            for i in range(len(input_tuple)):
+                input_value = input_tuple[i]
+                old_value = old_tuple[i]
+                remkey = (key, i)
+                if input_value < old_value:
+                    # it wrapped!
+                    self.reminders[name][remkey] += old_value
+                    self.reminder_keys[name][key].add(remkey)
+                bits.append(input_value + self.reminders[name][remkey])
+
+            new_dict[key] = tuple(bits)
+
+        self.cache[name] = input_dict
+        return new_dict
+
+    def cache_clear(self, name=None):
+        """Clear the internal cache, optionally only for function 'name'."""
+        with self.lock:
+            if name is None:
+                self.cache.clear()
+                self.reminders.clear()
+                self.reminder_keys.clear()
+            else:
+                self.cache.pop(name, None)
+                self.reminders.pop(name, None)
+                self.reminder_keys.pop(name, None)
+
+    def cache_info(self):
+        """Return internal cache dicts as a tuple of 3 elements."""
+        with self.lock:
+            return (self.cache, self.reminders, self.reminder_keys)
+
+
+def wrap_numbers(input_dict, name):
+    """Given an `input_dict` and a function `name`, adjust the numbers
+    which "wrap" (restart from zero) across different calls by adding
+    "old value" to "new value" and return an updated dict.
+    """
+    with _wn.lock:
+        return _wn.run(input_dict, name)
+
+
+_wn = _WrapNumbers()
+wrap_numbers.cache_clear = _wn.cache_clear
+wrap_numbers.cache_info = _wn.cache_info
+
+
+# The read buffer size for open() builtin. This (also) dictates how
+# much data we read(2) when iterating over file lines as in:
+#   >>> with open(file) as f:
+#   ...    for line in f:
+#   ...        ...
+# Default per-line buffer size for binary files is 1K. For text files
+# is 8K. We use a bigger buffer (32K) in order to have more consistent
+# results when reading /proc pseudo files on Linux, see:
+# https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2050
+# On Python 2 this also speeds up the reading of big files:
+# (namely /proc/{pid}/smaps and /proc/net/*):
+# https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/708
+FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 32 * 1024
+
+
+def open_binary(fname):
+    return open(fname, "rb", buffering=FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE)
+
+
+def open_text(fname):
+    """On Python 3 opens a file in text mode by using fs encoding and
+    a proper en/decoding errors handler.
+    On Python 2 this is just an alias for open(name, 'rt').
+    """
+    if not PY3:
+        return open(fname, buffering=FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE)
+
+    # See:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/675
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/733
+    fobj = open(
+        fname,
+        buffering=FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE,
+        encoding=ENCODING,
+        errors=ENCODING_ERRS,
+    )
+    try:
+        # Dictates per-line read(2) buffer size. Defaults is 8k. See:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2050#issuecomment-1013387546
+        fobj._CHUNK_SIZE = FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+    except Exception:
+        fobj.close()
+        raise
+
+    return fobj
+
+
+def cat(fname, fallback=_DEFAULT, _open=open_text):
+    """Read entire file content and return it as a string. File is
+    opened in text mode. If specified, `fallback` is the value
+    returned in case of error, either if the file does not exist or
+    it can't be read().
+    """
+    if fallback is _DEFAULT:
+        with _open(fname) as f:
+            return f.read()
+    else:
+        try:
+            with _open(fname) as f:
+                return f.read()
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            return fallback
+
+
+def bcat(fname, fallback=_DEFAULT):
+    """Same as above but opens file in binary mode."""
+    return cat(fname, fallback=fallback, _open=open_binary)
+
+
+def bytes2human(n, format="%(value).1f%(symbol)s"):
+    """Used by various scripts. See: http://goo.gl/zeJZl.
+
+    >>> bytes2human(10000)
+    '9.8K'
+    >>> bytes2human(100001221)
+    '95.4M'
+    """
+    symbols = ('B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y')
+    prefix = {}
+    for i, s in enumerate(symbols[1:]):
+        prefix[s] = 1 << (i + 1) * 10
+    for symbol in reversed(symbols[1:]):
+        if abs(n) >= prefix[symbol]:
+            value = float(n) / prefix[symbol]
+            return format % locals()
+    return format % dict(symbol=symbols[0], value=n)
+
+
+def get_procfs_path():
+    """Return updated psutil.PROCFS_PATH constant."""
+    return sys.modules['psutil'].PROCFS_PATH
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def decode(s):
+        return s.decode(encoding=ENCODING, errors=ENCODING_ERRS)
+
+else:
+
+    def decode(s):
+        return s
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- shell utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@memoize
+def term_supports_colors(file=sys.stdout):  # pragma: no cover
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        return True
+    try:
+        import curses
+
+        assert file.isatty()
+        curses.setupterm()
+        assert curses.tigetnum("colors") > 0
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def hilite(s, color=None, bold=False):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Return an highlighted version of 'string'."""
+    if not term_supports_colors():
+        return s
+    attr = []
+    colors = dict(
+        blue='34',
+        brown='33',
+        darkgrey='30',
+        green='32',
+        grey='37',
+        lightblue='36',
+        red='91',
+        violet='35',
+        yellow='93',
+    )
+    colors[None] = '29'
+    try:
+        color = colors[color]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "invalid color %r; choose between %s" % (list(colors.keys()))
+        )
+    attr.append(color)
+    if bold:
+        attr.append('1')
+    return '\x1b[%sm%s\x1b[0m' % (';'.join(attr), s)
+
+
+def print_color(
+    s, color=None, bold=False, file=sys.stdout
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Print a colorized version of string."""
+    if not term_supports_colors():
+        print(s, file=file)  # NOQA
+    elif POSIX:
+        print(hilite(s, color, bold), file=file)  # NOQA
+    else:
+        import ctypes
+
+        DEFAULT_COLOR = 7
+        GetStdHandle = ctypes.windll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute = (
+            ctypes.windll.Kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+        )
+
+        colors = dict(green=2, red=4, brown=6, yellow=6)
+        colors[None] = DEFAULT_COLOR
+        try:
+            color = colors[color]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "invalid color %r; choose between %r"
+                % (color, list(colors.keys()))
+            )
+        if bold and color <= 7:
+            color += 8
+
+        handle_id = -12 if file is sys.stderr else -11
+        GetStdHandle.restype = ctypes.c_ulong
+        handle = GetStdHandle(handle_id)
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
+        try:
+            print(s, file=file)  # NOQA
+        finally:
+            SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, DEFAULT_COLOR)
+
+
+def debug(msg):
+    """If PSUTIL_DEBUG env var is set, print a debug message to stderr."""
+    if PSUTIL_DEBUG:
+        import inspect
+
+        fname, lineno, _, _lines, _index = inspect.getframeinfo(
+            inspect.currentframe().f_back
+        )
+        if isinstance(msg, Exception):
+            if isinstance(msg, (OSError, IOError, EnvironmentError)):
+                # ...because str(exc) may contain info about the file name
+                msg = "ignoring %s" % msg
+            else:
+                msg = "ignoring %r" % msg
+        print(  # noqa
+            "psutil-debug [%s:%s]> %s" % (fname, lineno, msg), file=sys.stderr
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..92e01713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Module which provides compatibility with older Python versions.
+This is more future-compatible rather than the opposite (prefer latest
+Python 3 way of doing things).
+"""
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import types
+
+
+# fmt: off
+__all__ = [
+    # constants
+    "PY3",
+    # builtins
+    "long", "range", "super", "unicode", "basestring",
+    # literals
+    "b",
+    # collections module
+    "lru_cache",
+    # shutil module
+    "which", "get_terminal_size",
+    # contextlib module
+    "redirect_stderr",
+    # python 3 exceptions
+    "FileNotFoundError", "PermissionError", "ProcessLookupError",
+    "InterruptedError", "ChildProcessError", "FileExistsError",
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+if PY3:
+    long = int
+    xrange = range
+    unicode = str
+    basestring = str
+    range = range
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+else:
+    long = long
+    range = xrange
+    unicode = unicode
+    basestring = basestring
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+
+
+# --- builtins
+
+
+# Python 3 super().
+# Taken from "future" package.
+# Credit: Ryan Kelly
+if PY3:
+    super = super
+else:
+    _builtin_super = super
+
+    def super(type_=_SENTINEL, type_or_obj=_SENTINEL, framedepth=1):
+        """Like Python 3 builtin super(). If called without any arguments
+        it attempts to infer them at runtime.
+        """
+        if type_ is _SENTINEL:
+            f = sys._getframe(framedepth)
+            try:
+                # Get the function's first positional argument.
+                type_or_obj = f.f_locals[f.f_code.co_varnames[0]]
+            except (IndexError, KeyError):
+                msg = 'super() used in a function with no args'
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            try:
+                # Get the MRO so we can crawl it.
+                mro = type_or_obj.__mro__
+            except (AttributeError, RuntimeError):
+                try:
+                    mro = type_or_obj.__class__.__mro__
+                except AttributeError:
+                    msg = 'super() used in a non-newstyle class'
+                    raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            for type_ in mro:
+                #  Find the class that owns the currently-executing method.
+                for meth in type_.__dict__.values():
+                    # Drill down through any wrappers to the underlying func.
+                    # This handles e.g. classmethod() and staticmethod().
+                    try:
+                        while not isinstance(meth, types.FunctionType):
+                            if isinstance(meth, property):
+                                # Calling __get__ on the property will invoke
+                                # user code which might throw exceptions or
+                                # have side effects
+                                meth = meth.fget
+                            else:
+                                try:
+                                    meth = meth.__func__
+                                except AttributeError:
+                                    meth = meth.__get__(type_or_obj, type_)
+                    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                        continue
+                    if meth.func_code is f.f_code:
+                        break  # found
+                else:
+                    # Not found. Move onto the next class in MRO.
+                    continue
+                break  # found
+            else:
+                msg = 'super() called outside a method'
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        # Dispatch to builtin super().
+        if type_or_obj is not _SENTINEL:
+            return _builtin_super(type_, type_or_obj)
+        return _builtin_super(type_)
+
+
+# --- exceptions
+
+
+if PY3:
+    FileNotFoundError = FileNotFoundError  # NOQA
+    PermissionError = PermissionError  # NOQA
+    ProcessLookupError = ProcessLookupError  # NOQA
+    InterruptedError = InterruptedError  # NOQA
+    ChildProcessError = ChildProcessError  # NOQA
+    FileExistsError = FileExistsError  # NOQA
+else:
+    # https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/blob/exceptions/
+    #     src/future/types/exceptions/pep3151.py
+    import platform
+
+    def _instance_checking_exception(base_exception=Exception):
+        def wrapped(instance_checker):
+            class TemporaryClass(base_exception):
+                def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                    if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], TemporaryClass):
+                        unwrap_me = args[0]
+                        for attr in dir(unwrap_me):
+                            if not attr.startswith('__'):
+                                setattr(self, attr, getattr(unwrap_me, attr))
+                    else:
+                        super(TemporaryClass, self).__init__(  # noqa
+                            *args, **kwargs
+                        )
+
+                class __metaclass__(type):
+                    def __instancecheck__(cls, inst):
+                        return instance_checker(inst)
+
+                    def __subclasscheck__(cls, classinfo):
+                        value = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                        return isinstance(value, cls)
+
+            TemporaryClass.__name__ = instance_checker.__name__
+            TemporaryClass.__doc__ = instance_checker.__doc__
+            return TemporaryClass
+
+        return wrapped
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def FileNotFoundError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) == errno.ENOENT
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def ProcessLookupError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) == errno.ESRCH
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def PermissionError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) in {errno.EACCES, errno.EPERM}
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def InterruptedError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) == errno.EINTR
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def ChildProcessError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) == errno.ECHILD
+
+    @_instance_checking_exception(EnvironmentError)
+    def FileExistsError(inst):
+        return getattr(inst, 'errno', _SENTINEL) == errno.EEXIST
+
+    if platform.python_implementation() != "CPython":
+        try:
+            raise OSError(errno.EEXIST, "perm")
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+        except OSError:
+            msg = (
+                "broken or incompatible Python implementation, see: "
+                "https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1659"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+# --- stdlib additions
+
+
+# py 3.2 functools.lru_cache
+# Taken from: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578078
+# Credit: Raymond Hettinger
+try:
+    from functools import lru_cache
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from threading import RLock
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_threading import RLock
+
+    _CacheInfo = collections.namedtuple(
+        "CacheInfo", ["hits", "misses", "maxsize", "currsize"]
+    )
+
+    class _HashedSeq(list):  # noqa: FURB189
+        __slots__ = ('hashvalue',)
+
+        def __init__(self, tup, hash=hash):
+            self[:] = tup
+            self.hashvalue = hash(tup)
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return self.hashvalue
+
+    def _make_key(
+        args,
+        kwds,
+        typed,
+        kwd_mark=(_SENTINEL,),
+        fasttypes=set((int, str, frozenset, type(None))),  # noqa
+        sorted=sorted,
+        tuple=tuple,
+        type=type,
+        len=len,
+    ):
+        key = args
+        if kwds:
+            sorted_items = sorted(kwds.items())
+            key += kwd_mark
+            for item in sorted_items:
+                key += item
+        if typed:
+            key += tuple(type(v) for v in args)
+            if kwds:
+                key += tuple(type(v) for k, v in sorted_items)
+        elif len(key) == 1 and type(key[0]) in fasttypes:
+            return key[0]
+        return _HashedSeq(key)
+
+    def lru_cache(maxsize=100, typed=False):
+        """Least-recently-used cache decorator, see:
+        http://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache.
+        """
+
+        def decorating_function(user_function):
+            cache = {}
+            stats = [0, 0]
+            HITS, MISSES = 0, 1
+            make_key = _make_key
+            cache_get = cache.get
+            _len = len
+            lock = RLock()
+            root = []
+            root[:] = [root, root, None, None]
+            nonlocal_root = [root]
+            PREV, NEXT, KEY, RESULT = 0, 1, 2, 3
+            if maxsize == 0:
+
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
+                    result = user_function(*args, **kwds)
+                    stats[MISSES] += 1
+                    return result
+
+            elif maxsize is None:
+
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
+                    key = make_key(args, kwds, typed)
+                    result = cache_get(key, root)
+                    if result is not root:
+                        stats[HITS] += 1
+                        return result
+                    result = user_function(*args, **kwds)
+                    cache[key] = result
+                    stats[MISSES] += 1
+                    return result
+
+            else:
+
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
+                    if kwds or typed:
+                        key = make_key(args, kwds, typed)
+                    else:
+                        key = args
+                    lock.acquire()
+                    try:
+                        link = cache_get(key)
+                        if link is not None:
+                            (root,) = nonlocal_root
+                            link_prev, link_next, key, result = link
+                            link_prev[NEXT] = link_next
+                            link_next[PREV] = link_prev
+                            last = root[PREV]
+                            last[NEXT] = root[PREV] = link
+                            link[PREV] = last
+                            link[NEXT] = root
+                            stats[HITS] += 1
+                            return result
+                    finally:
+                        lock.release()
+                    result = user_function(*args, **kwds)
+                    lock.acquire()
+                    try:
+                        (root,) = nonlocal_root
+                        if key in cache:
+                            pass
+                        elif _len(cache) >= maxsize:
+                            oldroot = root
+                            oldroot[KEY] = key
+                            oldroot[RESULT] = result
+                            root = nonlocal_root[0] = oldroot[NEXT]
+                            oldkey = root[KEY]
+                            root[KEY] = root[RESULT] = None
+                            del cache[oldkey]
+                            cache[key] = oldroot
+                        else:
+                            last = root[PREV]
+                            link = [last, root, key, result]
+                            last[NEXT] = root[PREV] = cache[key] = link
+                        stats[MISSES] += 1
+                    finally:
+                        lock.release()
+                    return result
+
+            def cache_info():
+                """Report cache statistics."""
+                lock.acquire()
+                try:
+                    return _CacheInfo(
+                        stats[HITS], stats[MISSES], maxsize, len(cache)
+                    )
+                finally:
+                    lock.release()
+
+            def cache_clear():
+                """Clear the cache and cache statistics."""
+                lock.acquire()
+                try:
+                    cache.clear()
+                    root = nonlocal_root[0]
+                    root[:] = [root, root, None, None]
+                    stats[:] = [0, 0]
+                finally:
+                    lock.release()
+
+            wrapper.__wrapped__ = user_function
+            wrapper.cache_info = cache_info
+            wrapper.cache_clear = cache_clear
+            return functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, user_function)
+
+        return decorating_function
+
+
+# python 3.3
+try:
+    from shutil import which
+except ImportError:
+
+    def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
+        """Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
+        conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
+        file.
+
+        `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
+        of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
+        path.
+        """
+
+        def _access_check(fn, mode):
+            return (
+                os.path.exists(fn)
+                and os.access(fn, mode)
+                and not os.path.isdir(fn)
+            )
+
+        if os.path.dirname(cmd):
+            if _access_check(cmd, mode):
+                return cmd
+            return None
+
+        if path is None:
+            path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
+        if not path:
+            return None
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            if os.curdir not in path:
+                path.insert(0, os.curdir)
+
+            pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
+            if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
+                files = [cmd]
+            else:
+                files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
+        else:
+            files = [cmd]
+
+        seen = set()
+        for dir in path:
+            normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
+            if normdir not in seen:
+                seen.add(normdir)
+                for thefile in files:
+                    name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
+                    if _access_check(name, mode):
+                        return name
+        return None
+
+
+# python 3.3
+try:
+    from shutil import get_terminal_size
+except ImportError:
+
+    def get_terminal_size(fallback=(80, 24)):
+        try:
+            import fcntl
+            import struct
+            import termios
+        except ImportError:
+            return fallback
+        else:
+            try:
+                # This should work on Linux.
+                res = struct.unpack(
+                    'hh', fcntl.ioctl(1, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234')
+                )
+                return (res[1], res[0])
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+                return fallback
+
+
+# python 3.3
+try:
+    from subprocess import TimeoutExpired as SubprocessTimeoutExpired
+except ImportError:
+
+    class SubprocessTimeoutExpired(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+# python 3.5
+try:
+    from contextlib import redirect_stderr
+except ImportError:
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def redirect_stderr(new_target):
+        original = sys.stderr
+        try:
+            sys.stderr = new_target
+            yield new_target
+        finally:
+            sys.stderr = original
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psaix.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psaix.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ccc638b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psaix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'
+# Copyright (c) 2017, Arnon Yaari
+# All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""AIX platform implementation."""
+
+import functools
+import glob
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import _common
+from . import _psposix
+from . import _psutil_aix as cext
+from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import conn_to_ntuple
+from ._common import get_procfs_path
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PY3
+from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+
+
+__extra__all__ = ["PROCFS_PATH"]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+HAS_THREADS = hasattr(cext, "proc_threads")
+HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS = hasattr(cext, "net_io_counters")
+HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS = hasattr(cext, "proc_io_counters")
+
+PAGE_SIZE = cext_posix.getpagesize()
+AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK
+
+PROC_STATUSES = {
+    cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+    cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+    cext.SACTIVE: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    cext.SSWAP: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,  # TODO what status is this?
+    cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+}
+
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_RCVD: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
+}
+
+proc_info_map = dict(
+    ppid=0,
+    rss=1,
+    vms=2,
+    create_time=3,
+    nice=4,
+    num_threads=5,
+    status=6,
+    ttynr=7,
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# psutil.Process.memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_full_info()
+pfullmem = pmem
+# psutil.Process.cpu_times()
+scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', ['user', 'system', 'idle', 'iowait'])
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple('svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free'])
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    total, avail, free, _pinned, inuse = cext.virtual_mem()
+    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, round_=1)
+    return svmem(total, avail, percent, inuse, free)
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Swap system memory as a (total, used, free, sin, sout) tuple."""
+    total, free, sin, sout = cext.swap_mem()
+    used = total - free
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return system-wide CPU times as a named tuple."""
+    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
+    return scputimes(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*ret)])
+
+
+def per_cpu_times():
+    """Return system per-CPU times as a list of named tuples."""
+    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
+    return [scputimes(*x) for x in ret]
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    try:
+        return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN")
+    except ValueError:
+        # mimic os.cpu_count() behavior
+        return None
+
+
+def cpu_count_cores():
+    cmd = ["lsdev", "-Cc", "processor"]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+    if PY3:
+        stdout, stderr = (
+            x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)
+        )
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError("%r command error\n%s" % (cmd, stderr))
+    processors = stdout.strip().splitlines()
+    return len(processors) or None
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple."""
+    ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls = cext.cpu_stats()
+    return _common.scpustats(
+        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls
+    )
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
+disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return system disk partitions."""
+    # TODO - the filtering logic should be better checked so that
+    # it tries to reflect 'df' as much as possible
+    retlist = []
+    partitions = cext.disk_partitions()
+    for partition in partitions:
+        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
+        if device == 'none':
+            device = ''
+        if not all:
+            # Differently from, say, Linux, we don't have a list of
+            # common fs types so the best we can do, AFAIK, is to
+            # filter by filesystem having a total size > 0.
+            if not disk_usage(mountpoint).total:
+                continue
+        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
+        retlist.append(ntuple)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
+
+if HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS:
+    net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters
+
+
+def net_connections(kind, _pid=-1):
+    """Return socket connections.  If pid == -1 return system-wide
+    connections (as opposed to connections opened by one process only).
+    """
+    cmap = _common.conn_tmap
+    if kind not in cmap:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+            % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in cmap]))
+        )
+    families, types = _common.conn_tmap[kind]
+    rawlist = cext.net_connections(_pid)
+    ret = []
+    for item in rawlist:
+        fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item
+        if fam not in families:
+            continue
+        if type_ not in types:
+            continue
+        nt = conn_to_ntuple(
+            fd,
+            fam,
+            type_,
+            laddr,
+            raddr,
+            status,
+            TCP_STATUSES,
+            pid=pid if _pid == -1 else None,
+        )
+        ret.append(nt)
+    return ret
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    duplex_map = {"Full": NIC_DUPLEX_FULL, "Half": NIC_DUPLEX_HALF}
+    names = set([x[0] for x in net_if_addrs()])
+    ret = {}
+    for name in names:
+        mtu = cext_posix.net_if_mtu(name)
+        flags = cext_posix.net_if_flags(name)
+
+        # try to get speed and duplex
+        # TODO: rewrite this in C (entstat forks, so use truss -f to follow.
+        # looks like it is using an undocumented ioctl?)
+        duplex = ""
+        speed = 0
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ["/usr/bin/entstat", "-d", name],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+        if PY3:
+            stdout, stderr = (
+                x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)
+            )
+        if p.returncode == 0:
+            re_result = re.search(
+                r"Running: (\d+) Mbps.*?(\w+) Duplex", stdout
+            )
+            if re_result is not None:
+                speed = int(re_result.group(1))
+                duplex = re_result.group(2)
+
+        output_flags = ','.join(flags)
+        isup = 'running' in flags
+        duplex = duplex_map.get(duplex, NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN)
+        ret[name] = _common.snicstats(isup, duplex, speed, mtu, output_flags)
+    return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    return cext.boot_time()
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    localhost = (':0.0', ':0')
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, user_process, pid = item
+        # note: the underlying C function includes entries about
+        # system boot, run level and others.  We might want
+        # to use them in the future.
+        if not user_process:
+            continue
+        if hostname in localhost:
+            hostname = 'localhost'
+        nt = _common.suser(user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def pids():
+    """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system."""
+    return [int(x) for x in os.listdir(get_procfs_path()) if x.isdigit()]
+
+
+def pid_exists(pid):
+    """Check for the existence of a unix pid."""
+    return os.path.exists(os.path.join(get_procfs_path(), str(pid), "psinfo"))
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Call callable into a try/except clause and translate ENOENT,
+    EACCES and EPERM in NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied exceptions.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+            # ENOENT (no such file or directory) gets raised on open().
+            # ESRCH (no such process) can get raised on read() if
+            # process is gone in meantime.
+            if not pid_exists(self.pid):
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+            else:
+                raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "_procfs_path", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+        self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self._proc_basic_info.cache_activate(self)
+        self._proc_cred.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self._proc_basic_info.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._proc_cred.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_basic_info(self):
+        return cext.proc_basic_info(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_cred(self):
+        return cext.proc_cred(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def name(self):
+        if self.pid == 0:
+            return "swapper"
+        # note: max 16 characters
+        return cext.proc_name(self.pid, self._procfs_path).rstrip("\x00")
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def exe(self):
+        # there is no way to get executable path in AIX other than to guess,
+        # and guessing is more complex than what's in the wrapping class
+        cmdline = self.cmdline()
+        if not cmdline:
+            return ''
+        exe = cmdline[0]
+        if os.path.sep in exe:
+            # relative or absolute path
+            if not os.path.isabs(exe):
+                # if cwd has changed, we're out of luck - this may be wrong!
+                exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.cwd(), exe))
+            if (
+                os.path.isabs(exe)
+                and os.path.isfile(exe)
+                and os.access(exe, os.X_OK)
+            ):
+                return exe
+            # not found, move to search in PATH using basename only
+            exe = os.path.basename(exe)
+        # search for exe name PATH
+        for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(":"):
+            possible_exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, exe))
+            if os.path.isfile(possible_exe) and os.access(
+                possible_exe, os.X_OK
+            ):
+                return possible_exe
+        return ''
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cmdline(self):
+        return cext.proc_args(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def environ(self):
+        return cext.proc_environ(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self):
+        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['create_time']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self):
+        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['num_threads']]
+
+    if HAS_THREADS:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def threads(self):
+            rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid)
+            retlist = []
+            for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist:
+                ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime)
+                retlist.append(ntuple)
+            # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS threads
+            # and filters them by PID.  At this point we can't tell whether
+            # an empty list means there were no connections for process or
+            # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID
+            # is no longer there.
+            if not retlist:
+                # will raise NSP if process is gone
+                os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+            return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        ret = net_connections(kind, _pid=self.pid)
+        # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS connections
+        # and filters them by PID.  At this point we can't tell whether
+        # an empty list means there were no connections for process or
+        # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID
+        # is no longer there.
+        if not ret:
+            # will raise NSP if process is gone
+            os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ppid(self):
+        self._ppid = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ppid']]
+        return self._ppid
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def uids(self):
+        real, effective, saved, _, _, _ = self._proc_cred()
+        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def gids(self):
+        _, _, _, real, effective, saved = self._proc_cred()
+        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        t = cext.proc_cpu_times(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+        return _common.pcputimes(*t)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def terminal(self):
+        ttydev = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ttynr']]
+        # convert from 64-bit dev_t to 32-bit dev_t and then map the device
+        ttydev = ((ttydev & 0x0000FFFF00000000) >> 16) | (ttydev & 0xFFFF)
+        # try to match rdev of /dev/pts/* files ttydev
+        for dev in glob.glob("/dev/**/*"):
+            if os.stat(dev).st_rdev == ttydev:
+                return dev
+        return None
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cwd(self):
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        try:
+            result = os.readlink("%s/%s/cwd" % (procfs_path, self.pid))
+            return result.rstrip('/')
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            os.stat("%s/%s" % (procfs_path, self.pid))  # raise NSP or AD
+            return ""
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        ret = self._proc_basic_info()
+        rss = ret[proc_info_map['rss']] * 1024
+        vms = ret[proc_info_map['vms']] * 1024
+        return pmem(rss, vms)
+
+    memory_full_info = memory_info
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        code = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['status']]
+        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?')
+
+    def open_files(self):
+        # TODO rewrite without using procfiles (stat /proc/pid/fd/* and then
+        # find matching name of the inode)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ["/usr/bin/procfiles", "-n", str(self.pid)],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+        if PY3:
+            stdout, stderr = (
+                x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)
+            )
+        if "no such process" in stderr.lower():
+            raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+        procfiles = re.findall(r"(\d+): S_IFREG.*name:(.*)\n", stdout)
+        retlist = []
+        for fd, path in procfiles:
+            path = path.strip()
+            if path.startswith("//"):
+                path = path[1:]
+            if path.lower() == "cannot be retrieved":
+                continue
+            retlist.append(_common.popenfile(path, int(fd)))
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_fds(self):
+        if self.pid == 0:  # no /proc/0/fd
+            return 0
+        return len(os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        return _common.pctxsw(*cext.proc_num_ctx_switches(self.pid))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)
+
+    if HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def io_counters(self):
+            try:
+                rc, wc, rb, wb = cext.proc_io_counters(self.pid)
+            except OSError:
+                # if process is terminated, proc_io_counters returns OSError
+                # instead of NSP
+                if not pid_exists(self.pid):
+                    raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+                raise
+            return _common.pio(rc, wc, rb, wb)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psbsd.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psbsd.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77b99c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psbsd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""FreeBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD platforms implementation."""
+
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections import namedtuple
+from xml.etree import ElementTree  # noqa ICN001
+
+from . import _common
+from . import _psposix
+from . import _psutil_bsd as cext
+from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
+from ._common import FREEBSD
+from ._common import NETBSD
+from ._common import OPENBSD
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import conn_tmap
+from ._common import conn_to_ntuple
+from ._common import debug
+from ._common import memoize
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from ._compat import which
+
+
+__extra__all__ = []
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+if FREEBSD:
+    PROC_STATUSES = {
+        cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+        cext.SRUN: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+        cext.SSLEEP: _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+        cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+        cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+        cext.SWAIT: _common.STATUS_WAITING,
+        cext.SLOCK: _common.STATUS_LOCKED,
+    }
+elif OPENBSD:
+    PROC_STATUSES = {
+        cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+        cext.SSLEEP: _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+        cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+        # According to /usr/include/sys/proc.h SZOMB is unused.
+        # test_zombie_process() shows that SDEAD is the right
+        # equivalent. Also it appears there's no equivalent of
+        # psutil.STATUS_DEAD. SDEAD really means STATUS_ZOMBIE.
+        # cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+        cext.SDEAD: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+        cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+        # From http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~margo/cs161/videos/proc.h.txt
+        # OpenBSD has SRUN and SONPROC: SRUN indicates that a process
+        # is runnable but *not* yet running, i.e. is on a run queue.
+        # SONPROC indicates that the process is actually executing on
+        # a CPU, i.e. it is no longer on a run queue.
+        # As such we'll map SRUN to STATUS_WAKING and SONPROC to
+        # STATUS_RUNNING
+        cext.SRUN: _common.STATUS_WAKING,
+        cext.SONPROC: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    }
+elif NETBSD:
+    PROC_STATUSES = {
+        cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+        cext.SSLEEP: _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+        cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+        cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+        cext.SRUN: _common.STATUS_WAKING,
+        cext.SONPROC: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    }
+
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
+}
+
+PAGESIZE = cext_posix.getpagesize()
+AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK
+
+HAS_PER_CPU_TIMES = hasattr(cext, "per_cpu_times")
+HAS_PROC_NUM_THREADS = hasattr(cext, "proc_num_threads")
+HAS_PROC_OPEN_FILES = hasattr(cext, 'proc_open_files')
+HAS_PROC_NUM_FDS = hasattr(cext, 'proc_num_fds')
+
+kinfo_proc_map = dict(
+    ppid=0,
+    status=1,
+    real_uid=2,
+    effective_uid=3,
+    saved_uid=4,
+    real_gid=5,
+    effective_gid=6,
+    saved_gid=7,
+    ttynr=8,
+    create_time=9,
+    ctx_switches_vol=10,
+    ctx_switches_unvol=11,
+    read_io_count=12,
+    write_io_count=13,
+    user_time=14,
+    sys_time=15,
+    ch_user_time=16,
+    ch_sys_time=17,
+    rss=18,
+    vms=19,
+    memtext=20,
+    memdata=21,
+    memstack=22,
+    cpunum=23,
+    name=24,
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# fmt: off
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple(
+    'svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free',
+              'active', 'inactive', 'buffers', 'cached', 'shared', 'wired'])
+# psutil.cpu_times()
+scputimes = namedtuple(
+    'scputimes', ['user', 'nice', 'system', 'idle', 'irq'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms', 'text', 'data', 'stack'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_full_info()
+pfullmem = pmem
+# psutil.Process.cpu_times()
+pcputimes = namedtuple('pcputimes',
+                       ['user', 'system', 'children_user', 'children_system'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=True)
+pmmap_grouped = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_grouped', 'path rss, private, ref_count, shadow_count')
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=False)
+pmmap_ext = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_ext', 'addr, perms path rss, private, ref_count, shadow_count')
+# psutil.disk_io_counters()
+if FREEBSD:
+    sdiskio = namedtuple('sdiskio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                                     'read_bytes', 'write_bytes',
+                                     'read_time', 'write_time',
+                                     'busy_time'])
+else:
+    sdiskio = namedtuple('sdiskio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                                     'read_bytes', 'write_bytes'])
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    mem = cext.virtual_mem()
+    if NETBSD:
+        total, free, active, inactive, wired, cached = mem
+        # On NetBSD buffers and shared mem is determined via /proc.
+        # The C ext set them to 0.
+        with open('/proc/meminfo', 'rb') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith(b'Buffers:'):
+                    buffers = int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+                elif line.startswith(b'MemShared:'):
+                    shared = int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+        # Before avail was calculated as (inactive + cached + free),
+        # same as zabbix, but it turned out it could exceed total (see
+        # #2233), so zabbix seems to be wrong. Htop calculates it
+        # differently, and the used value seem more realistic, so let's
+        # match htop.
+        # https://github.com/htop-dev/htop/blob/e7f447b/netbsd/NetBSDProcessList.c#L162  # noqa
+        # https://github.com/zabbix/zabbix/blob/af5e0f8/src/libs/zbxsysinfo/netbsd/memory.c#L135  # noqa
+        used = active + wired
+        avail = total - used
+    else:
+        total, free, active, inactive, wired, cached, buffers, shared = mem
+        # matches freebsd-memory CLI:
+        # * https://people.freebsd.org/~rse/dist/freebsd-memory
+        # * https://www.cyberciti.biz/files/scripts/freebsd-memory.pl.txt
+        # matches zabbix:
+        # * https://github.com/zabbix/zabbix/blob/af5e0f8/src/libs/zbxsysinfo/freebsd/memory.c#L143  # noqa
+        avail = inactive + cached + free
+        used = active + wired + cached
+
+    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, round_=1)
+    return svmem(
+        total,
+        avail,
+        percent,
+        used,
+        free,
+        active,
+        inactive,
+        buffers,
+        cached,
+        shared,
+        wired,
+    )
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """System swap memory as (total, used, free, sin, sout) namedtuple."""
+    total, used, free, sin, sout = cext.swap_mem()
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return system per-CPU times as a namedtuple."""
+    user, nice, system, idle, irq = cext.cpu_times()
+    return scputimes(user, nice, system, idle, irq)
+
+
+if HAS_PER_CPU_TIMES:
+
+    def per_cpu_times():
+        """Return system CPU times as a namedtuple."""
+        ret = []
+        for cpu_t in cext.per_cpu_times():
+            user, nice, system, idle, irq = cpu_t
+            item = scputimes(user, nice, system, idle, irq)
+            ret.append(item)
+        return ret
+
+else:
+    # XXX
+    # Ok, this is very dirty.
+    # On FreeBSD < 8 we cannot gather per-cpu information, see:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/226
+    # If num cpus > 1, on first call we return single cpu times to avoid a
+    # crash at psutil import time.
+    # Next calls will fail with NotImplementedError
+    def per_cpu_times():
+        """Return system CPU times as a namedtuple."""
+        if cpu_count_logical() == 1:
+            return [cpu_times()]
+        if per_cpu_times.__called__:
+            msg = "supported only starting from FreeBSD 8"
+            raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+        per_cpu_times.__called__ = True
+        return [cpu_times()]
+
+    per_cpu_times.__called__ = False
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_logical()
+
+
+if OPENBSD or NETBSD:
+
+    def cpu_count_cores():
+        # OpenBSD and NetBSD do not implement this.
+        return 1 if cpu_count_logical() == 1 else None
+
+else:
+
+    def cpu_count_cores():
+        """Return the number of CPU cores in the system."""
+        # From the C module we'll get an XML string similar to this:
+        # http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man4/smp.4freebsd.html
+        # We may get None in case "sysctl kern.sched.topology_spec"
+        # is not supported on this BSD version, in which case we'll mimic
+        # os.cpu_count() and return None.
+        ret = None
+        s = cext.cpu_topology()
+        if s is not None:
+            # get rid of padding chars appended at the end of the string
+            index = s.rfind("</groups>")
+            if index != -1:
+                s = s[: index + 9]
+                root = ElementTree.fromstring(s)
+                try:
+                    ret = len(root.findall('group/children/group/cpu')) or None
+                finally:
+                    # needed otherwise it will memleak
+                    root.clear()
+        if not ret:
+            # If logical CPUs == 1 it's obvious we' have only 1 core.
+            if cpu_count_logical() == 1:
+                return 1
+        return ret
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple."""
+    if FREEBSD:
+        # Note: the C ext is returning some metrics we are not exposing:
+        # traps.
+        ctxsw, intrs, soft_intrs, syscalls, _traps = cext.cpu_stats()
+    elif NETBSD:
+        # XXX
+        # Note about intrs: the C extension returns 0. intrs
+        # can be determined via /proc/stat; it has the same value as
+        # soft_intrs thought so the kernel is faking it (?).
+        #
+        # Note about syscalls: the C extension always sets it to 0 (?).
+        #
+        # Note: the C ext is returning some metrics we are not exposing:
+        # traps, faults and forks.
+        ctxsw, intrs, soft_intrs, syscalls, _traps, _faults, _forks = (
+            cext.cpu_stats()
+        )
+        with open('/proc/stat', 'rb') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith(b'intr'):
+                    intrs = int(line.split()[1])
+    elif OPENBSD:
+        # Note: the C ext is returning some metrics we are not exposing:
+        # traps, faults and forks.
+        ctxsw, intrs, soft_intrs, syscalls, _traps, _faults, _forks = (
+            cext.cpu_stats()
+        )
+    return _common.scpustats(ctxsw, intrs, soft_intrs, syscalls)
+
+
+if FREEBSD:
+
+    def cpu_freq():
+        """Return frequency metrics for CPUs. As of Dec 2018 only
+        CPU 0 appears to be supported by FreeBSD and all other cores
+        match the frequency of CPU 0.
+        """
+        ret = []
+        num_cpus = cpu_count_logical()
+        for cpu in range(num_cpus):
+            try:
+                current, available_freq = cext.cpu_freq(cpu)
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                continue
+            if available_freq:
+                try:
+                    min_freq = int(available_freq.split(" ")[-1].split("/")[0])
+                except (IndexError, ValueError):
+                    min_freq = None
+                try:
+                    max_freq = int(available_freq.split(" ")[0].split("/")[0])
+                except (IndexError, ValueError):
+                    max_freq = None
+            ret.append(_common.scpufreq(current, min_freq, max_freq))
+        return ret
+
+elif OPENBSD:
+
+    def cpu_freq():
+        curr = float(cext.cpu_freq())
+        return [_common.scpufreq(curr, 0.0, 0.0)]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return mounted disk partitions as a list of namedtuples.
+    'all' argument is ignored, see:
+    https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/906.
+    """
+    retlist = []
+    partitions = cext.disk_partitions()
+    for partition in partitions:
+        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
+        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
+        retlist.append(ntuple)
+    return retlist
+
+
+disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage
+disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters
+net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    names = net_io_counters().keys()
+    ret = {}
+    for name in names:
+        try:
+            mtu = cext_posix.net_if_mtu(name)
+            flags = cext_posix.net_if_flags(name)
+            duplex, speed = cext_posix.net_if_duplex_speed(name)
+        except OSError as err:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1279
+            if err.errno != errno.ENODEV:
+                raise
+        else:
+            if hasattr(_common, 'NicDuplex'):
+                duplex = _common.NicDuplex(duplex)
+            output_flags = ','.join(flags)
+            isup = 'running' in flags
+            ret[name] = _common.snicstats(
+                isup, duplex, speed, mtu, output_flags
+            )
+    return ret
+
+
+def net_connections(kind):
+    """System-wide network connections."""
+    if kind not in _common.conn_tmap:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+            % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in conn_tmap]))
+        )
+    families, types = conn_tmap[kind]
+    ret = set()
+
+    if OPENBSD:
+        rawlist = cext.net_connections(-1, families, types)
+    elif NETBSD:
+        rawlist = cext.net_connections(-1, kind)
+    else:  # FreeBSD
+        rawlist = cext.net_connections(families, types)
+
+    for item in rawlist:
+        fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item
+        nt = conn_to_ntuple(
+            fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status, TCP_STATUSES, pid
+        )
+        ret.add(nt)
+    return list(ret)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+#  --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+if FREEBSD:
+
+    def sensors_battery():
+        """Return battery info."""
+        try:
+            percent, minsleft, power_plugged = cext.sensors_battery()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1074
+            return None
+        power_plugged = power_plugged == 1
+        if power_plugged:
+            secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+        elif minsleft == -1:
+            secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+        else:
+            secsleft = minsleft * 60
+        return _common.sbattery(percent, secsleft, power_plugged)
+
+    def sensors_temperatures():
+        """Return CPU cores temperatures if available, else an empty dict."""
+        ret = defaultdict(list)
+        num_cpus = cpu_count_logical()
+        for cpu in range(num_cpus):
+            try:
+                current, high = cext.sensors_cpu_temperature(cpu)
+                if high <= 0:
+                    high = None
+                name = "Core %s" % cpu
+                ret["coretemp"].append(
+                    _common.shwtemp(name, current, high, high)
+                )
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+
+        return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+#  --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    return cext.boot_time()
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid = item
+        if pid == -1:
+            assert OPENBSD
+            pid = None
+        if tty == '~':
+            continue  # reboot or shutdown
+        nt = _common.suser(user, tty or None, hostname, tstamp, pid)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@memoize
+def _pid_0_exists():
+    try:
+        Process(0).name()
+    except NoSuchProcess:
+        return False
+    except AccessDenied:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def pids():
+    """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system."""
+    ret = cext.pids()
+    if OPENBSD and (0 not in ret) and _pid_0_exists():
+        # On OpenBSD the kernel does not return PID 0 (neither does
+        # ps) but it's actually querable (Process(0) will succeed).
+        ret.insert(0, 0)
+    return ret
+
+
+if NETBSD:
+
+    def pid_exists(pid):
+        exists = _psposix.pid_exists(pid)
+        if not exists:
+            # We do this because _psposix.pid_exists() lies in case of
+            # zombie processes.
+            return pid in pids()
+        else:
+            return True
+
+elif OPENBSD:
+
+    def pid_exists(pid):
+        exists = _psposix.pid_exists(pid)
+        if not exists:
+            return False
+        else:
+            # OpenBSD seems to be the only BSD platform where
+            # _psposix.pid_exists() returns True for thread IDs (tids),
+            # so we can't use it.
+            return pid in pids()
+
+else:  # FreeBSD
+    pid_exists = _psposix.pid_exists
+
+
+def is_zombie(pid):
+    try:
+        st = cext.proc_oneshot_info(pid)[kinfo_proc_map['status']]
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(st) == _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Decorator which translates bare OSError exceptions into
+    NoSuchProcess and AccessDenied.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except ProcessLookupError:
+            if is_zombie(self.pid):
+                raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+            else:
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        except OSError:
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                if 0 in pids():
+                    raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+                else:
+                    raise
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def wrap_exceptions_procfs(inst):
+    """Same as above, for routines relying on reading /proc fs."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except (ProcessLookupError, FileNotFoundError):
+        # ENOENT (no such file or directory) gets raised on open().
+        # ESRCH (no such process) can get raised on read() if
+        # process is gone in meantime.
+        if is_zombie(inst.pid):
+            raise ZombieProcess(inst.pid, inst._name, inst._ppid)
+        else:
+            raise NoSuchProcess(inst.pid, inst._name)
+    except PermissionError:
+        raise AccessDenied(inst.pid, inst._name)
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+
+    def _assert_alive(self):
+        """Raise NSP if the process disappeared on us."""
+        # For those C function who do not raise NSP, possibly returning
+        # incorrect or incomplete result.
+        cext.proc_name(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def oneshot(self):
+        """Retrieves multiple process info in one shot as a raw tuple."""
+        ret = cext.proc_oneshot_info(self.pid)
+        assert len(ret) == len(kinfo_proc_map)
+        return ret
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self.oneshot.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self.oneshot.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def name(self):
+        name = self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['name']]
+        return name if name is not None else cext.proc_name(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def exe(self):
+        if FREEBSD:
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                return ''  # else NSP
+            return cext.proc_exe(self.pid)
+        elif NETBSD:
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                # /proc/0 dir exists but /proc/0/exe doesn't
+                return ""
+            with wrap_exceptions_procfs(self):
+                return os.readlink("/proc/%s/exe" % self.pid)
+        else:
+            # OpenBSD: exe cannot be determined; references:
+            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/base/+/
+            #     master/base_paths_posix.cc
+            # We try our best guess by using which against the first
+            # cmdline arg (may return None).
+            cmdline = self.cmdline()
+            if cmdline:
+                return which(cmdline[0]) or ""
+            else:
+                return ""
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cmdline(self):
+        if OPENBSD and self.pid == 0:
+            return []  # ...else it crashes
+        elif NETBSD:
+            # XXX - most of the times the underlying sysctl() call on
+            # NetBSD and OpenBSD returns a truncated string. Also
+            # /proc/pid/cmdline behaves the same so it looks like this
+            # is a kernel bug.
+            try:
+                return cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid)
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    if is_zombie(self.pid):
+                        raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+                    elif not pid_exists(self.pid):
+                        raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+                    else:
+                        # XXX: this happens with unicode tests. It means the C
+                        # routine is unable to decode invalid unicode chars.
+                        debug("ignoring %r and returning an empty list" % err)
+                        return []
+                else:
+                    raise
+        else:
+            return cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def environ(self):
+        return cext.proc_environ(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def terminal(self):
+        tty_nr = self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['ttynr']]
+        tmap = _psposix.get_terminal_map()
+        try:
+            return tmap[tty_nr]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ppid(self):
+        self._ppid = self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['ppid']]
+        return self._ppid
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def uids(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return _common.puids(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['real_uid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['effective_uid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['saved_uid']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def gids(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return _common.pgids(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['real_gid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['effective_gid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['saved_gid']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return _common.pcputimes(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['user_time']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['sys_time']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['ch_user_time']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['ch_sys_time']],
+        )
+
+    if FREEBSD:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def cpu_num(self):
+            return self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['cpunum']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return pmem(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['rss']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['vms']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['memtext']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['memdata']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['memstack']],
+        )
+
+    memory_full_info = memory_info
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self):
+        return self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['create_time']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self):
+        if HAS_PROC_NUM_THREADS:
+            # FreeBSD
+            return cext.proc_num_threads(self.pid)
+        else:
+            return len(self.threads())
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return _common.pctxsw(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['ctx_switches_vol']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['ctx_switches_unvol']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def threads(self):
+        # Note: on OpenSBD this (/dev/mem) requires root access.
+        rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid)
+        retlist = []
+        for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist:
+            ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime)
+            retlist.append(ntuple)
+        if OPENBSD:
+            self._assert_alive()
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        if kind not in conn_tmap:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+                % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in conn_tmap]))
+            )
+        families, types = conn_tmap[kind]
+        ret = []
+
+        if NETBSD:
+            rawlist = cext.net_connections(self.pid, kind)
+        elif OPENBSD:
+            rawlist = cext.net_connections(self.pid, families, types)
+        else:
+            rawlist = cext.proc_net_connections(self.pid, families, types)
+
+        for item in rawlist:
+            fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status = item[:6]
+            if FREEBSD:
+                if (fam not in families) or (type not in types):
+                    continue
+            nt = conn_to_ntuple(
+                fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status, TCP_STATUSES
+            )
+            ret.append(nt)
+
+        self._assert_alive()
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        code = self.oneshot()[kinfo_proc_map['status']]
+        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def io_counters(self):
+        rawtuple = self.oneshot()
+        return _common.pio(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['read_io_count']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['write_io_count']],
+            -1,
+            -1,
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cwd(self):
+        """Return process current working directory."""
+        # sometimes we get an empty string, in which case we turn
+        # it into None
+        if OPENBSD and self.pid == 0:
+            return ""  # ...else it would raise EINVAL
+        elif NETBSD or HAS_PROC_OPEN_FILES:
+            # FreeBSD < 8 does not support functions based on
+            # kinfo_getfile() and kinfo_getvmmap()
+            return cext.proc_cwd(self.pid)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "supported only starting from FreeBSD 8" if FREEBSD else ""
+            )
+
+    nt_mmap_grouped = namedtuple(
+        'mmap', 'path rss, private, ref_count, shadow_count'
+    )
+    nt_mmap_ext = namedtuple(
+        'mmap', 'addr, perms path rss, private, ref_count, shadow_count'
+    )
+
+    def _not_implemented(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    # FreeBSD < 8 does not support functions based on kinfo_getfile()
+    # and kinfo_getvmmap()
+    if HAS_PROC_OPEN_FILES:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def open_files(self):
+            """Return files opened by process as a list of namedtuples."""
+            rawlist = cext.proc_open_files(self.pid)
+            return [_common.popenfile(path, fd) for path, fd in rawlist]
+
+    else:
+        open_files = _not_implemented
+
+    # FreeBSD < 8 does not support functions based on kinfo_getfile()
+    # and kinfo_getvmmap()
+    if HAS_PROC_NUM_FDS:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def num_fds(self):
+            """Return the number of file descriptors opened by this process."""
+            ret = cext.proc_num_fds(self.pid)
+            if NETBSD:
+                self._assert_alive()
+            return ret
+
+    else:
+        num_fds = _not_implemented
+
+    # --- FreeBSD only APIs
+
+    if FREEBSD:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def cpu_affinity_get(self):
+            return cext.proc_cpu_affinity_get(self.pid)
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def cpu_affinity_set(self, cpus):
+            # Pre-emptively check if CPUs are valid because the C
+            # function has a weird behavior in case of invalid CPUs,
+            # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/586
+            allcpus = tuple(range(len(per_cpu_times())))
+            for cpu in cpus:
+                if cpu not in allcpus:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "invalid CPU #%i (choose between %s)" % (cpu, allcpus)
+                    )
+            try:
+                cext.proc_cpu_affinity_set(self.pid, cpus)
+            except OSError as err:
+                # 'man cpuset_setaffinity' about EDEADLK:
+                # <<the call would leave a thread without a valid CPU to run
+                # on because the set does not overlap with the thread's
+                # anonymous mask>>
+                if err.errno in {errno.EINVAL, errno.EDEADLK}:
+                    for cpu in cpus:
+                        if cpu not in allcpus:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                "invalid CPU #%i (choose between %s)"
+                                % (cpu, allcpus)
+                            )
+                raise
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def memory_maps(self):
+            return cext.proc_memory_maps(self.pid)
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def rlimit(self, resource, limits=None):
+            if limits is None:
+                return cext.proc_getrlimit(self.pid, resource)
+            else:
+                if len(limits) != 2:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "second argument must be a (soft, hard) tuple, got %s"
+                        % repr(limits)
+                    )
+                soft, hard = limits
+                return cext.proc_setrlimit(self.pid, resource, soft, hard)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pslinux.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pslinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9c97f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pslinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2379 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Linux platform implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import division
+
+import base64
+import collections
+import errno
+import functools
+import glob
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import struct
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import _common
+from . import _psposix
+from . import _psutil_linux as cext
+from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF
+from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import bcat
+from ._common import cat
+from ._common import debug
+from ._common import decode
+from ._common import get_procfs_path
+from ._common import isfile_strict
+from ._common import memoize
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import open_binary
+from ._common import open_text
+from ._common import parse_environ_block
+from ._common import path_exists_strict
+from ._common import supports_ipv6
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PY3
+from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from ._compat import b
+from ._compat import basestring
+
+
+if PY3:
+    import enum
+else:
+    enum = None
+
+
+# fmt: off
+__extra__all__ = [
+    'PROCFS_PATH',
+    # io prio constants
+    "IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE", "IOPRIO_CLASS_RT", "IOPRIO_CLASS_BE",
+    "IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE",
+    # connection status constants
+    "CONN_ESTABLISHED", "CONN_SYN_SENT", "CONN_SYN_RECV", "CONN_FIN_WAIT1",
+    "CONN_FIN_WAIT2", "CONN_TIME_WAIT", "CONN_CLOSE", "CONN_CLOSE_WAIT",
+    "CONN_LAST_ACK", "CONN_LISTEN", "CONN_CLOSING",
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+POWER_SUPPLY_PATH = "/sys/class/power_supply"
+HAS_PROC_SMAPS = os.path.exists('/proc/%s/smaps' % os.getpid())
+HAS_PROC_SMAPS_ROLLUP = os.path.exists('/proc/%s/smaps_rollup' % os.getpid())
+HAS_PROC_IO_PRIORITY = hasattr(cext, "proc_ioprio_get")
+HAS_CPU_AFFINITY = hasattr(cext, "proc_cpu_affinity_get")
+
+# Number of clock ticks per second
+CLOCK_TICKS = os.sysconf("SC_CLK_TCK")
+PAGESIZE = cext_posix.getpagesize()
+BOOT_TIME = None  # set later
+LITTLE_ENDIAN = sys.byteorder == 'little'
+
+# "man iostat" states that sectors are equivalent with blocks and have
+# a size of 512 bytes. Despite this value can be queried at runtime
+# via /sys/block/{DISK}/queue/hw_sector_size and results may vary
+# between 1k, 2k, or 4k... 512 appears to be a magic constant used
+# throughout Linux source code:
+# * https://stackoverflow.com/a/38136179/376587
+# * https://lists.gt.net/linux/kernel/2241060
+# * https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1305
+# * https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/
+#     4f671fe2f9523a1ea206f63fe60a7c7b3a56d5c7/include/linux/bio.h#L99
+# * https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/8/17/234
+DISK_SECTOR_SIZE = 512
+
+if enum is None:
+    AF_LINK = socket.AF_PACKET
+else:
+    AddressFamily = enum.IntEnum(
+        'AddressFamily', {'AF_LINK': int(socket.AF_PACKET)}
+    )
+    AF_LINK = AddressFamily.AF_LINK
+
+# ioprio_* constants http://linux.die.net/man/2/ioprio_get
+if enum is None:
+    IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE = 0
+    IOPRIO_CLASS_RT = 1
+    IOPRIO_CLASS_BE = 2
+    IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE = 3
+else:
+
+    class IOPriority(enum.IntEnum):
+        IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE = 0
+        IOPRIO_CLASS_RT = 1
+        IOPRIO_CLASS_BE = 2
+        IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE = 3
+
+    globals().update(IOPriority.__members__)
+
+# See:
+# https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blame/master/fs/proc/array.c
+# ...and (TASK_* constants):
+# https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/linux/sched.h
+PROC_STATUSES = {
+    "R": _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    "S": _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+    "D": _common.STATUS_DISK_SLEEP,
+    "T": _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+    "t": _common.STATUS_TRACING_STOP,
+    "Z": _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+    "X": _common.STATUS_DEAD,
+    "x": _common.STATUS_DEAD,
+    "K": _common.STATUS_WAKE_KILL,
+    "W": _common.STATUS_WAKING,
+    "I": _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+    "P": _common.STATUS_PARKED,
+}
+
+# https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/net/tcp_states.h
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    "01": _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    "02": _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    "03": _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    "04": _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    "05": _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    "06": _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    "07": _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    "08": _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    "09": _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    "0A": _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    "0B": _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+}
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# fmt: off
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple(
+    'svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free',
+              'active', 'inactive', 'buffers', 'cached', 'shared', 'slab'])
+# psutil.disk_io_counters()
+sdiskio = namedtuple(
+    'sdiskio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                'read_bytes', 'write_bytes',
+                'read_time', 'write_time',
+                'read_merged_count', 'write_merged_count',
+                'busy_time'])
+# psutil.Process().open_files()
+popenfile = namedtuple(
+    'popenfile', ['path', 'fd', 'position', 'mode', 'flags'])
+# psutil.Process().memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple('pmem', 'rss vms shared text lib data dirty')
+# psutil.Process().memory_full_info()
+pfullmem = namedtuple('pfullmem', pmem._fields + ('uss', 'pss', 'swap'))
+# psutil.Process().memory_maps(grouped=True)
+pmmap_grouped = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_grouped',
+    ['path', 'rss', 'size', 'pss', 'shared_clean', 'shared_dirty',
+     'private_clean', 'private_dirty', 'referenced', 'anonymous', 'swap'])
+# psutil.Process().memory_maps(grouped=False)
+pmmap_ext = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_ext', 'addr perms ' + ' '.join(pmmap_grouped._fields))
+# psutil.Process.io_counters()
+pio = namedtuple('pio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                         'read_bytes', 'write_bytes',
+                         'read_chars', 'write_chars'])
+# psutil.Process.cpu_times()
+pcputimes = namedtuple('pcputimes',
+                       ['user', 'system', 'children_user', 'children_system',
+                        'iowait'])
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def readlink(path):
+    """Wrapper around os.readlink()."""
+    assert isinstance(path, basestring), path
+    path = os.readlink(path)
+    # readlink() might return paths containing null bytes ('\x00')
+    # resulting in "TypeError: must be encoded string without NULL
+    # bytes, not str" errors when the string is passed to other
+    # fs-related functions (os.*, open(), ...).
+    # Apparently everything after '\x00' is garbage (we can have
+    # ' (deleted)', 'new' and possibly others), see:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/717
+    path = path.split('\x00')[0]
+    # Certain paths have ' (deleted)' appended. Usually this is
+    # bogus as the file actually exists. Even if it doesn't we
+    # don't care.
+    if path.endswith(' (deleted)') and not path_exists_strict(path):
+        path = path[:-10]
+    return path
+
+
+def file_flags_to_mode(flags):
+    """Convert file's open() flags into a readable string.
+    Used by Process.open_files().
+    """
+    modes_map = {os.O_RDONLY: 'r', os.O_WRONLY: 'w', os.O_RDWR: 'w+'}
+    mode = modes_map[flags & (os.O_RDONLY | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_RDWR)]
+    if flags & os.O_APPEND:
+        mode = mode.replace('w', 'a', 1)
+    mode = mode.replace('w+', 'r+')
+    # possible values: r, w, a, r+, a+
+    return mode
+
+
+def is_storage_device(name):
+    """Return True if the given name refers to a root device (e.g.
+    "sda", "nvme0n1") as opposed to a logical partition (e.g.  "sda1",
+    "nvme0n1p1"). If name is a virtual device (e.g. "loop1", "ram")
+    return True.
+    """
+    # Re-adapted from iostat source code, see:
+    # https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/
+    #     97912938cd476645b267280069e83b1c8dc0e1c7/common.c#L208
+    # Some devices may have a slash in their name (e.g. cciss/c0d0...).
+    name = name.replace('/', '!')
+    including_virtual = True
+    if including_virtual:
+        path = "/sys/block/%s" % name
+    else:
+        path = "/sys/block/%s/device" % name
+    return os.access(path, os.F_OK)
+
+
+@memoize
+def set_scputimes_ntuple(procfs_path):
+    """Set a namedtuple of variable fields depending on the CPU times
+    available on this Linux kernel version which may be:
+    (user, nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, [steal, [guest,
+     [guest_nice]]])
+    Used by cpu_times() function.
+    """
+    global scputimes
+    with open_binary('%s/stat' % procfs_path) as f:
+        values = f.readline().split()[1:]
+    fields = ['user', 'nice', 'system', 'idle', 'iowait', 'irq', 'softirq']
+    vlen = len(values)
+    if vlen >= 8:
+        # Linux >= 2.6.11
+        fields.append('steal')
+    if vlen >= 9:
+        # Linux >= 2.6.24
+        fields.append('guest')
+    if vlen >= 10:
+        # Linux >= 3.2.0
+        fields.append('guest_nice')
+    scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', fields)
+
+
+try:
+    set_scputimes_ntuple("/proc")
+except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+    # Don't want to crash at import time.
+    debug("ignoring exception on import: %r" % err)
+    scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', 'user system idle')(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- prlimit
+# =====================================================================
+
+# Backport of resource.prlimit() for Python 2. Originally this was done
+# in C, but CentOS-6 which we use to create manylinux wheels is too old
+# and does not support prlimit() syscall. As such the resulting wheel
+# would not include prlimit(), even when installed on newer systems.
+# This is the only part of psutil using ctypes.
+
+prlimit = None
+try:
+    from resource import prlimit  # python >= 3.4
+except ImportError:
+    import ctypes
+
+    libc = ctypes.CDLL(None, use_errno=True)
+
+    if hasattr(libc, "prlimit"):
+
+        def prlimit(pid, resource_, limits=None):
+            class StructRlimit(ctypes.Structure):
+                _fields_ = [
+                    ('rlim_cur', ctypes.c_longlong),
+                    ('rlim_max', ctypes.c_longlong),
+                ]
+
+            current = StructRlimit()
+            if limits is None:
+                # get
+                ret = libc.prlimit(pid, resource_, None, ctypes.byref(current))
+            else:
+                # set
+                new = StructRlimit()
+                new.rlim_cur = limits[0]
+                new.rlim_max = limits[1]
+                ret = libc.prlimit(
+                    pid, resource_, ctypes.byref(new), ctypes.byref(current)
+                )
+
+            if ret != 0:
+                errno_ = ctypes.get_errno()
+                raise OSError(errno_, os.strerror(errno_))
+            return (current.rlim_cur, current.rlim_max)
+
+
+if prlimit is not None:
+    __extra__all__.extend(
+        [x for x in dir(cext) if x.startswith('RLIM') and x.isupper()]
+    )
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def calculate_avail_vmem(mems):
+    """Fallback for kernels < 3.14 where /proc/meminfo does not provide
+    "MemAvailable", see:
+    https://blog.famzah.net/2014/09/24/.
+
+    This code reimplements the algorithm outlined here:
+    https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/
+        commit/?id=34e431b0ae398fc54ea69ff85ec700722c9da773
+
+    We use this function also when "MemAvailable" returns 0 (possibly a
+    kernel bug, see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1915).
+    In that case this routine matches "free" CLI tool result ("available"
+    column).
+
+    XXX: on recent kernels this calculation may differ by ~1.5% compared
+    to "MemAvailable:", as it's calculated slightly differently.
+    It is still way more realistic than doing (free + cached) though.
+    See:
+    * https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/issues/42
+    * https://github.com/famzah/linux-memavailable-procfs/issues/2
+    """
+    # Note about "fallback" value. According to:
+    # https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/
+    #     commit/?id=34e431b0ae398fc54ea69ff85ec700722c9da773
+    # ...long ago "available" memory was calculated as (free + cached),
+    # We use fallback when one of these is missing from /proc/meminfo:
+    # "Active(file)": introduced in 2.6.28 / Dec 2008
+    # "Inactive(file)": introduced in 2.6.28 / Dec 2008
+    # "SReclaimable": introduced in 2.6.19 / Nov 2006
+    # /proc/zoneinfo: introduced in 2.6.13 / Aug 2005
+    free = mems[b'MemFree:']
+    fallback = free + mems.get(b"Cached:", 0)
+    try:
+        lru_active_file = mems[b'Active(file):']
+        lru_inactive_file = mems[b'Inactive(file):']
+        slab_reclaimable = mems[b'SReclaimable:']
+    except KeyError as err:
+        debug(
+            "%s is missing from /proc/meminfo; using an approximation for "
+            "calculating available memory"
+            % err.args[0]
+        )
+        return fallback
+    try:
+        f = open_binary('%s/zoneinfo' % get_procfs_path())
+    except IOError:
+        return fallback  # kernel 2.6.13
+
+    watermark_low = 0
+    with f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line.startswith(b'low'):
+                watermark_low += int(line.split()[1])
+    watermark_low *= PAGESIZE
+
+    avail = free - watermark_low
+    pagecache = lru_active_file + lru_inactive_file
+    pagecache -= min(pagecache / 2, watermark_low)
+    avail += pagecache
+    avail += slab_reclaimable - min(slab_reclaimable / 2.0, watermark_low)
+    return int(avail)
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    """Report virtual memory stats.
+    This implementation mimics procps-ng-3.3.12, aka "free" CLI tool:
+    https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/
+        24fd2605c51fccc375ab0287cec33aa767f06718/proc/sysinfo.c#L778-791
+    The returned values are supposed to match both "free" and "vmstat -s"
+    CLI tools.
+    """
+    missing_fields = []
+    mems = {}
+    with open_binary('%s/meminfo' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            fields = line.split()
+            mems[fields[0]] = int(fields[1]) * 1024
+
+    # /proc doc states that the available fields in /proc/meminfo vary
+    # by architecture and compile options, but these 3 values are also
+    # returned by sysinfo(2); as such we assume they are always there.
+    total = mems[b'MemTotal:']
+    free = mems[b'MemFree:']
+    try:
+        buffers = mems[b'Buffers:']
+    except KeyError:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1010
+        buffers = 0
+        missing_fields.append('buffers')
+    try:
+        cached = mems[b"Cached:"]
+    except KeyError:
+        cached = 0
+        missing_fields.append('cached')
+    else:
+        # "free" cmdline utility sums reclaimable to cached.
+        # Older versions of procps used to add slab memory instead.
+        # This got changed in:
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/commit/
+        #     05d751c4f076a2f0118b914c5e51cfbb4762ad8e
+        cached += mems.get(b"SReclaimable:", 0)  # since kernel 2.6.19
+
+    try:
+        shared = mems[b'Shmem:']  # since kernel 2.6.32
+    except KeyError:
+        try:
+            shared = mems[b'MemShared:']  # kernels 2.4
+        except KeyError:
+            shared = 0
+            missing_fields.append('shared')
+
+    try:
+        active = mems[b"Active:"]
+    except KeyError:
+        active = 0
+        missing_fields.append('active')
+
+    try:
+        inactive = mems[b"Inactive:"]
+    except KeyError:
+        try:
+            inactive = (
+                mems[b"Inact_dirty:"]
+                + mems[b"Inact_clean:"]
+                + mems[b"Inact_laundry:"]
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            inactive = 0
+            missing_fields.append('inactive')
+
+    try:
+        slab = mems[b"Slab:"]
+    except KeyError:
+        slab = 0
+
+    used = total - free - cached - buffers
+    if used < 0:
+        # May be symptomatic of running within a LCX container where such
+        # values will be dramatically distorted over those of the host.
+        used = total - free
+
+    # - starting from 4.4.0 we match free's "available" column.
+    #   Before 4.4.0 we calculated it as (free + buffers + cached)
+    #   which matched htop.
+    # - free and htop available memory differs as per:
+    #   http://askubuntu.com/a/369589
+    #   http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/65852/168884
+    # - MemAvailable has been introduced in kernel 3.14
+    try:
+        avail = mems[b'MemAvailable:']
+    except KeyError:
+        avail = calculate_avail_vmem(mems)
+    else:
+        if avail == 0:
+            # Yes, it can happen (probably a kernel bug):
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1915
+            # In this case "free" CLI tool makes an estimate. We do the same,
+            # and it matches "free" CLI tool.
+            avail = calculate_avail_vmem(mems)
+
+    if avail < 0:
+        avail = 0
+        missing_fields.append('available')
+    elif avail > total:
+        # If avail is greater than total or our calculation overflows,
+        # that's symptomatic of running within a LCX container where such
+        # values will be dramatically distorted over those of the host.
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/
+        #     24fd2605c51fccc375ab0287cec33aa767f06718/proc/sysinfo.c#L764
+        avail = free
+
+    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, round_=1)
+
+    # Warn about missing metrics which are set to 0.
+    if missing_fields:
+        msg = "%s memory stats couldn't be determined and %s set to 0" % (
+            ", ".join(missing_fields),
+            "was" if len(missing_fields) == 1 else "were",
+        )
+        warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    return svmem(
+        total,
+        avail,
+        percent,
+        used,
+        free,
+        active,
+        inactive,
+        buffers,
+        cached,
+        shared,
+        slab,
+    )
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Return swap memory metrics."""
+    mems = {}
+    with open_binary('%s/meminfo' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            fields = line.split()
+            mems[fields[0]] = int(fields[1]) * 1024
+    # We prefer /proc/meminfo over sysinfo() syscall so that
+    # psutil.PROCFS_PATH can be used in order to allow retrieval
+    # for linux containers, see:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1015
+    try:
+        total = mems[b'SwapTotal:']
+        free = mems[b'SwapFree:']
+    except KeyError:
+        _, _, _, _, total, free, unit_multiplier = cext.linux_sysinfo()
+        total *= unit_multiplier
+        free *= unit_multiplier
+
+    used = total - free
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    # get pgin/pgouts
+    try:
+        f = open_binary("%s/vmstat" % get_procfs_path())
+    except IOError as err:
+        # see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/722
+        msg = (
+            "'sin' and 'sout' swap memory stats couldn't "
+            + "be determined and were set to 0 (%s)" % str(err)
+        )
+        warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        sin = sout = 0
+    else:
+        with f:
+            sin = sout = None
+            for line in f:
+                # values are expressed in 4 kilo bytes, we want
+                # bytes instead
+                if line.startswith(b'pswpin'):
+                    sin = int(line.split(b' ')[1]) * 4 * 1024
+                elif line.startswith(b'pswpout'):
+                    sout = int(line.split(b' ')[1]) * 4 * 1024
+                if sin is not None and sout is not None:
+                    break
+            else:
+                # we might get here when dealing with exotic Linux
+                # flavors, see:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/313
+                msg = "'sin' and 'sout' swap memory stats couldn't "
+                msg += "be determined and were set to 0"
+                warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                sin = sout = 0
+    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return a named tuple representing the following system-wide
+    CPU times:
+    (user, nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq [steal, [guest,
+     [guest_nice]]])
+    Last 3 fields may not be available on all Linux kernel versions.
+    """
+    procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+    set_scputimes_ntuple(procfs_path)
+    with open_binary('%s/stat' % procfs_path) as f:
+        values = f.readline().split()
+    fields = values[1 : len(scputimes._fields) + 1]
+    fields = [float(x) / CLOCK_TICKS for x in fields]
+    return scputimes(*fields)
+
+
+def per_cpu_times():
+    """Return a list of namedtuple representing the CPU times
+    for every CPU available on the system.
+    """
+    procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+    set_scputimes_ntuple(procfs_path)
+    cpus = []
+    with open_binary('%s/stat' % procfs_path) as f:
+        # get rid of the first line which refers to system wide CPU stats
+        f.readline()
+        for line in f:
+            if line.startswith(b'cpu'):
+                values = line.split()
+                fields = values[1 : len(scputimes._fields) + 1]
+                fields = [float(x) / CLOCK_TICKS for x in fields]
+                entry = scputimes(*fields)
+                cpus.append(entry)
+        return cpus
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    try:
+        return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN")
+    except ValueError:
+        # as a second fallback we try to parse /proc/cpuinfo
+        num = 0
+        with open_binary('%s/cpuinfo' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.lower().startswith(b'processor'):
+                    num += 1
+
+        # unknown format (e.g. amrel/sparc architectures), see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/200
+        # try to parse /proc/stat as a last resort
+        if num == 0:
+            search = re.compile(r'cpu\d')
+            with open_text('%s/stat' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.split(' ')[0]
+                    if search.match(line):
+                        num += 1
+
+        if num == 0:
+            # mimic os.cpu_count()
+            return None
+        return num
+
+
+def cpu_count_cores():
+    """Return the number of CPU cores in the system."""
+    # Method #1
+    ls = set()
+    # These 2 files are the same but */core_cpus_list is newer while
+    # */thread_siblings_list is deprecated and may disappear in the future.
+    # https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1727#issuecomment-707624964
+    # https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/2/26/41
+    p1 = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/topology/core_cpus_list"
+    p2 = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/topology/thread_siblings_list"
+    for path in glob.glob(p1) or glob.glob(p2):
+        with open_binary(path) as f:
+            ls.add(f.read().strip())
+    result = len(ls)
+    if result != 0:
+        return result
+
+    # Method #2
+    mapping = {}
+    current_info = {}
+    with open_binary('%s/cpuinfo' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.strip().lower()
+            if not line:
+                # new section
+                try:
+                    mapping[current_info[b'physical id']] = current_info[
+                        b'cpu cores'
+                    ]
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+                current_info = {}
+            elif line.startswith((b'physical id', b'cpu cores')):
+                # ongoing section
+                key, value = line.split(b'\t:', 1)
+                current_info[key] = int(value)
+
+    result = sum(mapping.values())
+    return result or None  # mimic os.cpu_count()
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple."""
+    with open_binary('%s/stat' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        ctx_switches = None
+        interrupts = None
+        soft_interrupts = None
+        for line in f:
+            if line.startswith(b'ctxt'):
+                ctx_switches = int(line.split()[1])
+            elif line.startswith(b'intr'):
+                interrupts = int(line.split()[1])
+            elif line.startswith(b'softirq'):
+                soft_interrupts = int(line.split()[1])
+            if (
+                ctx_switches is not None
+                and soft_interrupts is not None
+                and interrupts is not None
+            ):
+                break
+    syscalls = 0
+    return _common.scpustats(
+        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls
+    )
+
+
+def _cpu_get_cpuinfo_freq():
+    """Return current CPU frequency from cpuinfo if available."""
+    ret = []
+    with open_binary('%s/cpuinfo' % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            if line.lower().startswith(b'cpu mhz'):
+                ret.append(float(line.split(b':', 1)[1]))
+    return ret
+
+
+if os.path.exists("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0") or os.path.exists(
+    "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq"
+):
+
+    def cpu_freq():
+        """Return frequency metrics for all CPUs.
+        Contrarily to other OSes, Linux updates these values in
+        real-time.
+        """
+        cpuinfo_freqs = _cpu_get_cpuinfo_freq()
+        paths = glob.glob(
+            "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy[0-9]*"
+        ) or glob.glob("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/cpufreq")
+        paths.sort(key=lambda x: int(re.search(r"[0-9]+", x).group()))
+        ret = []
+        pjoin = os.path.join
+        for i, path in enumerate(paths):
+            if len(paths) == len(cpuinfo_freqs):
+                # take cached value from cpuinfo if available, see:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1851
+                curr = cpuinfo_freqs[i] * 1000
+            else:
+                curr = bcat(pjoin(path, "scaling_cur_freq"), fallback=None)
+            if curr is None:
+                # Likely an old RedHat, see:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1071
+                curr = bcat(pjoin(path, "cpuinfo_cur_freq"), fallback=None)
+                if curr is None:
+                    online_path = (
+                        "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu{}/online".format(i)
+                    )
+                    # if cpu core is offline, set to all zeroes
+                    if cat(online_path, fallback=None) == "0\n":
+                        ret.append(_common.scpufreq(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+                        continue
+                    msg = "can't find current frequency file"
+                    raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+            curr = int(curr) / 1000
+            max_ = int(bcat(pjoin(path, "scaling_max_freq"))) / 1000
+            min_ = int(bcat(pjoin(path, "scaling_min_freq"))) / 1000
+            ret.append(_common.scpufreq(curr, min_, max_))
+        return ret
+
+else:
+
+    def cpu_freq():
+        """Alternate implementation using /proc/cpuinfo.
+        min and max frequencies are not available and are set to None.
+        """
+        return [_common.scpufreq(x, 0.0, 0.0) for x in _cpu_get_cpuinfo_freq()]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
+
+
+class _Ipv6UnsupportedError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class NetConnections:
+    """A wrapper on top of /proc/net/* files, retrieving per-process
+    and system-wide open connections (TCP, UDP, UNIX) similarly to
+    "netstat -an".
+
+    Note: in case of UNIX sockets we're only able to determine the
+    local endpoint/path, not the one it's connected to.
+    According to [1] it would be possible but not easily.
+
+    [1] http://serverfault.com/a/417946
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # The string represents the basename of the corresponding
+        # /proc/net/{proto_name} file.
+        tcp4 = ("tcp", socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        tcp6 = ("tcp6", socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        udp4 = ("udp", socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+        udp6 = ("udp6", socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+        unix = ("unix", socket.AF_UNIX, None)
+        self.tmap = {
+            "all": (tcp4, tcp6, udp4, udp6, unix),
+            "tcp": (tcp4, tcp6),
+            "tcp4": (tcp4,),
+            "tcp6": (tcp6,),
+            "udp": (udp4, udp6),
+            "udp4": (udp4,),
+            "udp6": (udp6,),
+            "unix": (unix,),
+            "inet": (tcp4, tcp6, udp4, udp6),
+            "inet4": (tcp4, udp4),
+            "inet6": (tcp6, udp6),
+        }
+        self._procfs_path = None
+
+    def get_proc_inodes(self, pid):
+        inodes = defaultdict(list)
+        for fd in os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, pid)):
+            try:
+                inode = readlink("%s/%s/fd/%s" % (self._procfs_path, pid, fd))
+            except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+                # ENOENT == file which is gone in the meantime;
+                # os.stat('/proc/%s' % self.pid) will be done later
+                # to force NSP (if it's the case)
+                continue
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    # not a link
+                    continue
+                if err.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                    # file name too long
+                    debug(err)
+                    continue
+                raise
+            else:
+                if inode.startswith('socket:['):
+                    # the process is using a socket
+                    inode = inode[8:][:-1]
+                    inodes[inode].append((pid, int(fd)))
+        return inodes
+
+    def get_all_inodes(self):
+        inodes = {}
+        for pid in pids():
+            try:
+                inodes.update(self.get_proc_inodes(pid))
+            except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError, PermissionError):
+                # os.listdir() is gonna raise a lot of access denied
+                # exceptions in case of unprivileged user; that's fine
+                # as we'll just end up returning a connection with PID
+                # and fd set to None anyway.
+                # Both netstat -an and lsof does the same so it's
+                # unlikely we can do any better.
+                # ENOENT just means a PID disappeared on us.
+                continue
+        return inodes
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_address(addr, family):
+        """Accept an "ip:port" address as displayed in /proc/net/*
+        and convert it into a human readable form, like:
+
+        "0500000A:0016" -> ("10.0.0.5", 22)
+        "0000000000000000FFFF00000100007F:9E49" -> ("::ffff:127.0.0.1", 40521)
+
+        The IP address portion is a little or big endian four-byte
+        hexadecimal number; that is, the least significant byte is listed
+        first, so we need to reverse the order of the bytes to convert it
+        to an IP address.
+        The port is represented as a two-byte hexadecimal number.
+
+        Reference:
+        http://linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2000/11/16/LinuxAdmin.html
+        """
+        ip, port = addr.split(':')
+        port = int(port, 16)
+        # this usually refers to a local socket in listen mode with
+        # no end-points connected
+        if not port:
+            return ()
+        if PY3:
+            ip = ip.encode('ascii')
+        if family == socket.AF_INET:
+            # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/201
+            if LITTLE_ENDIAN:
+                ip = socket.inet_ntop(family, base64.b16decode(ip)[::-1])
+            else:
+                ip = socket.inet_ntop(family, base64.b16decode(ip))
+        else:  # IPv6
+            ip = base64.b16decode(ip)
+            try:
+                # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/201
+                if LITTLE_ENDIAN:
+                    ip = socket.inet_ntop(
+                        socket.AF_INET6,
+                        struct.pack('>4I', *struct.unpack('<4I', ip)),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    ip = socket.inet_ntop(
+                        socket.AF_INET6,
+                        struct.pack('<4I', *struct.unpack('<4I', ip)),
+                    )
+            except ValueError:
+                # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/623
+                if not supports_ipv6():
+                    raise _Ipv6UnsupportedError
+                else:
+                    raise
+        return _common.addr(ip, port)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_inet(file, family, type_, inodes, filter_pid=None):
+        """Parse /proc/net/tcp* and /proc/net/udp* files."""
+        if file.endswith('6') and not os.path.exists(file):
+            # IPv6 not supported
+            return
+        with open_text(file) as f:
+            f.readline()  # skip the first line
+            for lineno, line in enumerate(f, 1):
+                try:
+                    _, laddr, raddr, status, _, _, _, _, _, inode = (
+                        line.split()[:10]
+                    )
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "error while parsing %s; malformed line %s %r"
+                        % (file, lineno, line)
+                    )
+                if inode in inodes:
+                    # # We assume inet sockets are unique, so we error
+                    # # out if there are multiple references to the
+                    # # same inode. We won't do this for UNIX sockets.
+                    # if len(inodes[inode]) > 1 and family != socket.AF_UNIX:
+                    #     raise ValueError("ambiguous inode with multiple "
+                    #                      "PIDs references")
+                    pid, fd = inodes[inode][0]
+                else:
+                    pid, fd = None, -1
+                if filter_pid is not None and filter_pid != pid:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    if type_ == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+                        status = TCP_STATUSES[status]
+                    else:
+                        status = _common.CONN_NONE
+                    try:
+                        laddr = NetConnections.decode_address(laddr, family)
+                        raddr = NetConnections.decode_address(raddr, family)
+                    except _Ipv6UnsupportedError:
+                        continue
+                    yield (fd, family, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_unix(file, family, inodes, filter_pid=None):
+        """Parse /proc/net/unix files."""
+        with open_text(file) as f:
+            f.readline()  # skip the first line
+            for line in f:
+                tokens = line.split()
+                try:
+                    _, _, _, _, type_, _, inode = tokens[0:7]
+                except ValueError:
+                    if ' ' not in line:
+                        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/766
+                        continue
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "error while parsing %s; malformed line %r"
+                        % (file, line)
+                    )
+                if inode in inodes:  # noqa
+                    # With UNIX sockets we can have a single inode
+                    # referencing many file descriptors.
+                    pairs = inodes[inode]
+                else:
+                    pairs = [(None, -1)]
+                for pid, fd in pairs:
+                    if filter_pid is not None and filter_pid != pid:
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        path = tokens[-1] if len(tokens) == 8 else ''
+                        type_ = _common.socktype_to_enum(int(type_))
+                        # XXX: determining the remote endpoint of a
+                        # UNIX socket on Linux is not possible, see:
+                        # https://serverfault.com/questions/252723/
+                        raddr = ""
+                        status = _common.CONN_NONE
+                        yield (fd, family, type_, path, raddr, status, pid)
+
+    def retrieve(self, kind, pid=None):
+        if kind not in self.tmap:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+                % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in self.tmap]))
+            )
+        self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+        if pid is not None:
+            inodes = self.get_proc_inodes(pid)
+            if not inodes:
+                # no connections for this process
+                return []
+        else:
+            inodes = self.get_all_inodes()
+        ret = set()
+        for proto_name, family, type_ in self.tmap[kind]:
+            path = "%s/net/%s" % (self._procfs_path, proto_name)
+            if family in {socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6}:
+                ls = self.process_inet(
+                    path, family, type_, inodes, filter_pid=pid
+                )
+            else:
+                ls = self.process_unix(path, family, inodes, filter_pid=pid)
+            for fd, family, type_, laddr, raddr, status, bound_pid in ls:
+                if pid:
+                    conn = _common.pconn(
+                        fd, family, type_, laddr, raddr, status
+                    )
+                else:
+                    conn = _common.sconn(
+                        fd, family, type_, laddr, raddr, status, bound_pid
+                    )
+                ret.add(conn)
+        return list(ret)
+
+
+_net_connections = NetConnections()
+
+
+def net_connections(kind='inet'):
+    """Return system-wide open connections."""
+    return _net_connections.retrieve(kind)
+
+
+def net_io_counters():
+    """Return network I/O statistics for every network interface
+    installed on the system as a dict of raw tuples.
+    """
+    with open_text("%s/net/dev" % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+        lines = f.readlines()
+    retdict = {}
+    for line in lines[2:]:
+        colon = line.rfind(':')
+        assert colon > 0, repr(line)
+        name = line[:colon].strip()
+        fields = line[colon + 1 :].strip().split()
+
+        (
+            # in
+            bytes_recv,
+            packets_recv,
+            errin,
+            dropin,
+            _fifoin,  # unused
+            _framein,  # unused
+            _compressedin,  # unused
+            _multicastin,  # unused
+            # out
+            bytes_sent,
+            packets_sent,
+            errout,
+            dropout,
+            _fifoout,  # unused
+            _collisionsout,  # unused
+            _carrierout,  # unused
+            _compressedout,  # unused
+        ) = map(int, fields)
+
+        retdict[name] = (
+            bytes_sent,
+            bytes_recv,
+            packets_sent,
+            packets_recv,
+            errin,
+            errout,
+            dropin,
+            dropout,
+        )
+    return retdict
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    duplex_map = {
+        cext.DUPLEX_FULL: NIC_DUPLEX_FULL,
+        cext.DUPLEX_HALF: NIC_DUPLEX_HALF,
+        cext.DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN,
+    }
+    names = net_io_counters().keys()
+    ret = {}
+    for name in names:
+        try:
+            mtu = cext_posix.net_if_mtu(name)
+            flags = cext_posix.net_if_flags(name)
+            duplex, speed = cext.net_if_duplex_speed(name)
+        except OSError as err:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1279
+            if err.errno != errno.ENODEV:
+                raise
+            else:
+                debug(err)
+        else:
+            output_flags = ','.join(flags)
+            isup = 'running' in flags
+            ret[name] = _common.snicstats(
+                isup, duplex_map[duplex], speed, mtu, output_flags
+            )
+    return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage
+
+
+def disk_io_counters(perdisk=False):
+    """Return disk I/O statistics for every disk installed on the
+    system as a dict of raw tuples.
+    """
+
+    def read_procfs():
+        # OK, this is a bit confusing. The format of /proc/diskstats can
+        # have 3 variations.
+        # On Linux 2.4 each line has always 15 fields, e.g.:
+        # "3     0   8 hda 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8"
+        # On Linux 2.6+ each line *usually* has 14 fields, and the disk
+        # name is in another position, like this:
+        # "3    0   hda 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8"
+        # ...unless (Linux 2.6) the line refers to a partition instead
+        # of a disk, in which case the line has less fields (7):
+        # "3    1   hda1 8 8 8 8"
+        # 4.18+ has 4 fields added:
+        # "3    0   hda 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0"
+        # 5.5 has 2 more fields.
+        # See:
+        # https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/iostats.txt
+        # https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-diskstats
+        with open_text("%s/diskstats" % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+            lines = f.readlines()
+        for line in lines:
+            fields = line.split()
+            flen = len(fields)
+            # fmt: off
+            if flen == 15:
+                # Linux 2.4
+                name = fields[3]
+                reads = int(fields[2])
+                (reads_merged, rbytes, rtime, writes, writes_merged,
+                    wbytes, wtime, _, busy_time, _) = map(int, fields[4:14])
+            elif flen == 14 or flen >= 18:
+                # Linux 2.6+, line referring to a disk
+                name = fields[2]
+                (reads, reads_merged, rbytes, rtime, writes, writes_merged,
+                    wbytes, wtime, _, busy_time, _) = map(int, fields[3:14])
+            elif flen == 7:
+                # Linux 2.6+, line referring to a partition
+                name = fields[2]
+                reads, rbytes, writes, wbytes = map(int, fields[3:])
+                rtime = wtime = reads_merged = writes_merged = busy_time = 0
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("not sure how to interpret line %r" % line)
+            yield (name, reads, writes, rbytes, wbytes, rtime, wtime,
+                   reads_merged, writes_merged, busy_time)
+            # fmt: on
+
+    def read_sysfs():
+        for block in os.listdir('/sys/block'):
+            for root, _, files in os.walk(os.path.join('/sys/block', block)):
+                if 'stat' not in files:
+                    continue
+                with open_text(os.path.join(root, 'stat')) as f:
+                    fields = f.read().strip().split()
+                name = os.path.basename(root)
+                # fmt: off
+                (reads, reads_merged, rbytes, rtime, writes, writes_merged,
+                    wbytes, wtime, _, busy_time) = map(int, fields[:10])
+                yield (name, reads, writes, rbytes, wbytes, rtime,
+                       wtime, reads_merged, writes_merged, busy_time)
+                # fmt: on
+
+    if os.path.exists('%s/diskstats' % get_procfs_path()):
+        gen = read_procfs()
+    elif os.path.exists('/sys/block'):
+        gen = read_sysfs()
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "%s/diskstats nor /sys/block filesystem are available on this "
+            "system"
+            % get_procfs_path()
+        )
+
+    retdict = {}
+    for entry in gen:
+        # fmt: off
+        (name, reads, writes, rbytes, wbytes, rtime, wtime, reads_merged,
+            writes_merged, busy_time) = entry
+        if not perdisk and not is_storage_device(name):
+            # perdisk=False means we want to calculate totals so we skip
+            # partitions (e.g. 'sda1', 'nvme0n1p1') and only include
+            # base disk devices (e.g. 'sda', 'nvme0n1'). Base disks
+            # include a total of all their partitions + some extra size
+            # of their own:
+            #     $ cat /proc/diskstats
+            #     259       0 sda 10485760 ...
+            #     259       1 sda1 5186039 ...
+            #     259       1 sda2 5082039 ...
+            # See:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1313
+            continue
+
+        rbytes *= DISK_SECTOR_SIZE
+        wbytes *= DISK_SECTOR_SIZE
+        retdict[name] = (reads, writes, rbytes, wbytes, rtime, wtime,
+                         reads_merged, writes_merged, busy_time)
+        # fmt: on
+
+    return retdict
+
+
+class RootFsDeviceFinder:
+    """disk_partitions() may return partitions with device == "/dev/root"
+    or "rootfs". This container class uses different strategies to try to
+    obtain the real device path. Resources:
+    https://bootlin.com/blog/find-root-device/
+    https://www.systutorials.com/how-to-find-the-disk-where-root-is-on-in-bash-on-linux/.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ['major', 'minor']
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        dev = os.stat("/").st_dev
+        self.major = os.major(dev)
+        self.minor = os.minor(dev)
+
+    def ask_proc_partitions(self):
+        with open_text("%s/partitions" % get_procfs_path()) as f:
+            for line in f.readlines()[2:]:
+                fields = line.split()
+                if len(fields) < 4:  # just for extra safety
+                    continue
+                major = int(fields[0]) if fields[0].isdigit() else None
+                minor = int(fields[1]) if fields[1].isdigit() else None
+                name = fields[3]
+                if major == self.major and minor == self.minor:
+                    if name:  # just for extra safety
+                        return "/dev/%s" % name
+
+    def ask_sys_dev_block(self):
+        path = "/sys/dev/block/%s:%s/uevent" % (self.major, self.minor)
+        with open_text(path) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith("DEVNAME="):
+                    name = line.strip().rpartition("DEVNAME=")[2]
+                    if name:  # just for extra safety
+                        return "/dev/%s" % name
+
+    def ask_sys_class_block(self):
+        needle = "%s:%s" % (self.major, self.minor)
+        files = glob.iglob("/sys/class/block/*/dev")
+        for file in files:
+            try:
+                f = open_text(file)
+            except FileNotFoundError:  # race condition
+                continue
+            else:
+                with f:
+                    data = f.read().strip()
+                    if data == needle:
+                        name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(file))
+                        return "/dev/%s" % name
+
+    def find(self):
+        path = None
+        if path is None:
+            try:
+                path = self.ask_proc_partitions()
+            except (IOError, OSError) as err:
+                debug(err)
+        if path is None:
+            try:
+                path = self.ask_sys_dev_block()
+            except (IOError, OSError) as err:
+                debug(err)
+        if path is None:
+            try:
+                path = self.ask_sys_class_block()
+            except (IOError, OSError) as err:
+                debug(err)
+        # We use exists() because the "/dev/*" part of the path is hard
+        # coded, so we want to be sure.
+        if path is not None and os.path.exists(path):
+            return path
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return mounted disk partitions as a list of namedtuples."""
+    fstypes = set()
+    procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+    if not all:
+        with open_text("%s/filesystems" % procfs_path) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if not line.startswith("nodev"):
+                    fstypes.add(line.strip())
+                else:
+                    # ignore all lines starting with "nodev" except "nodev zfs"
+                    fstype = line.split("\t")[1]
+                    if fstype == "zfs":
+                        fstypes.add("zfs")
+
+    # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1307
+    if procfs_path == "/proc" and os.path.isfile('/etc/mtab'):
+        mounts_path = os.path.realpath("/etc/mtab")
+    else:
+        mounts_path = os.path.realpath("%s/self/mounts" % procfs_path)
+
+    retlist = []
+    partitions = cext.disk_partitions(mounts_path)
+    for partition in partitions:
+        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
+        if device == 'none':
+            device = ''
+        if device in {"/dev/root", "rootfs"}:
+            device = RootFsDeviceFinder().find() or device
+        if not all:
+            if not device or fstype not in fstypes:
+                continue
+        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
+        retlist.append(ntuple)
+
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def sensors_temperatures():
+    """Return hardware (CPU and others) temperatures as a dict
+    including hardware name, label, current, max and critical
+    temperatures.
+
+    Implementation notes:
+    - /sys/class/hwmon looks like the most recent interface to
+      retrieve this info, and this implementation relies on it
+      only (old distros will probably use something else)
+    - lm-sensors on Ubuntu 16.04 relies on /sys/class/hwmon
+    - /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone* is another one but it's more
+      difficult to parse
+    """
+    ret = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    basenames = glob.glob('/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/temp*_*')
+    # CentOS has an intermediate /device directory:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/971
+    # https://github.com/nicolargo/glances/issues/1060
+    basenames.extend(glob.glob('/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/device/temp*_*'))
+    basenames = sorted(set([x.split('_')[0] for x in basenames]))
+
+    # Only add the coretemp hwmon entries if they're not already in
+    # /sys/class/hwmon/
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1708
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1648
+    basenames2 = glob.glob(
+        '/sys/devices/platform/coretemp.*/hwmon/hwmon*/temp*_*'
+    )
+    repl = re.compile('/sys/devices/platform/coretemp.*/hwmon/')
+    for name in basenames2:
+        altname = repl.sub('/sys/class/hwmon/', name)
+        if altname not in basenames:
+            basenames.append(name)
+
+    for base in basenames:
+        try:
+            path = base + '_input'
+            current = float(bcat(path)) / 1000.0
+            path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(base), 'name')
+            unit_name = cat(path).strip()
+        except (IOError, OSError, ValueError):
+            # A lot of things can go wrong here, so let's just skip the
+            # whole entry. Sure thing is Linux's /sys/class/hwmon really
+            # is a stinky broken mess.
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1009
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1101
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1129
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1245
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1323
+            continue
+
+        high = bcat(base + '_max', fallback=None)
+        critical = bcat(base + '_crit', fallback=None)
+        label = cat(base + '_label', fallback='').strip()
+
+        if high is not None:
+            try:
+                high = float(high) / 1000.0
+            except ValueError:
+                high = None
+        if critical is not None:
+            try:
+                critical = float(critical) / 1000.0
+            except ValueError:
+                critical = None
+
+        ret[unit_name].append((label, current, high, critical))
+
+    # Indication that no sensors were detected in /sys/class/hwmon/
+    if not basenames:
+        basenames = glob.glob('/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*')
+        basenames = sorted(set(basenames))
+
+        for base in basenames:
+            try:
+                path = os.path.join(base, 'temp')
+                current = float(bcat(path)) / 1000.0
+                path = os.path.join(base, 'type')
+                unit_name = cat(path).strip()
+            except (IOError, OSError, ValueError) as err:
+                debug(err)
+                continue
+
+            trip_paths = glob.glob(base + '/trip_point*')
+            trip_points = set([
+                '_'.join(os.path.basename(p).split('_')[0:3])
+                for p in trip_paths
+            ])
+            critical = None
+            high = None
+            for trip_point in trip_points:
+                path = os.path.join(base, trip_point + "_type")
+                trip_type = cat(path, fallback='').strip()
+                if trip_type == 'critical':
+                    critical = bcat(
+                        os.path.join(base, trip_point + "_temp"), fallback=None
+                    )
+                elif trip_type == 'high':
+                    high = bcat(
+                        os.path.join(base, trip_point + "_temp"), fallback=None
+                    )
+
+                if high is not None:
+                    try:
+                        high = float(high) / 1000.0
+                    except ValueError:
+                        high = None
+                if critical is not None:
+                    try:
+                        critical = float(critical) / 1000.0
+                    except ValueError:
+                        critical = None
+
+            ret[unit_name].append(('', current, high, critical))
+
+    return dict(ret)
+
+
+def sensors_fans():
+    """Return hardware fans info (for CPU and other peripherals) as a
+    dict including hardware label and current speed.
+
+    Implementation notes:
+    - /sys/class/hwmon looks like the most recent interface to
+      retrieve this info, and this implementation relies on it
+      only (old distros will probably use something else)
+    - lm-sensors on Ubuntu 16.04 relies on /sys/class/hwmon
+    """
+    ret = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    basenames = glob.glob('/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/fan*_*')
+    if not basenames:
+        # CentOS has an intermediate /device directory:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/971
+        basenames = glob.glob('/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/device/fan*_*')
+
+    basenames = sorted(set([x.split('_')[0] for x in basenames]))
+    for base in basenames:
+        try:
+            current = int(bcat(base + '_input'))
+        except (IOError, OSError) as err:
+            debug(err)
+            continue
+        unit_name = cat(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(base), 'name')).strip()
+        label = cat(base + '_label', fallback='').strip()
+        ret[unit_name].append(_common.sfan(label, current))
+
+    return dict(ret)
+
+
+def sensors_battery():
+    """Return battery information.
+    Implementation note: it appears /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/
+    directory structure may vary and provide files with the same
+    meaning but under different names, see:
+    https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/966.
+    """
+    null = object()
+
+    def multi_bcat(*paths):
+        """Attempt to read the content of multiple files which may
+        not exist. If none of them exist return None.
+        """
+        for path in paths:
+            ret = bcat(path, fallback=null)
+            if ret != null:
+                try:
+                    return int(ret)
+                except ValueError:
+                    return ret.strip()
+        return None
+
+    bats = [
+        x
+        for x in os.listdir(POWER_SUPPLY_PATH)
+        if x.startswith('BAT') or 'battery' in x.lower()
+    ]
+    if not bats:
+        return None
+    # Get the first available battery. Usually this is "BAT0", except
+    # some rare exceptions:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1238
+    root = os.path.join(POWER_SUPPLY_PATH, sorted(bats)[0])
+
+    # Base metrics.
+    energy_now = multi_bcat(root + "/energy_now", root + "/charge_now")
+    power_now = multi_bcat(root + "/power_now", root + "/current_now")
+    energy_full = multi_bcat(root + "/energy_full", root + "/charge_full")
+    time_to_empty = multi_bcat(root + "/time_to_empty_now")
+
+    # Percent. If we have energy_full the percentage will be more
+    # accurate compared to reading /capacity file (float vs. int).
+    if energy_full is not None and energy_now is not None:
+        try:
+            percent = 100.0 * energy_now / energy_full
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            percent = 0.0
+    else:
+        percent = int(cat(root + "/capacity", fallback=-1))
+        if percent == -1:
+            return None
+
+    # Is AC power cable plugged in?
+    # Note: AC0 is not always available and sometimes (e.g. CentOS7)
+    # it's called "AC".
+    power_plugged = None
+    online = multi_bcat(
+        os.path.join(POWER_SUPPLY_PATH, "AC0/online"),
+        os.path.join(POWER_SUPPLY_PATH, "AC/online"),
+    )
+    if online is not None:
+        power_plugged = online == 1
+    else:
+        status = cat(root + "/status", fallback="").strip().lower()
+        if status == "discharging":
+            power_plugged = False
+        elif status in {"charging", "full"}:
+            power_plugged = True
+
+    # Seconds left.
+    # Note to self: we may also calculate the charging ETA as per:
+    # https://github.com/thialfihar/dotfiles/blob/
+    #     013937745fd9050c30146290e8f963d65c0179e6/bin/battery.py#L55
+    if power_plugged:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+    elif energy_now is not None and power_now is not None:
+        try:
+            secsleft = int(energy_now / power_now * 3600)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+    elif time_to_empty is not None:
+        secsleft = int(time_to_empty * 60)
+        if secsleft < 0:
+            secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+    else:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+
+    return _common.sbattery(percent, secsleft, power_plugged)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid = item
+        nt = _common.suser(user, tty or None, hostname, tstamp, pid)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """Return the system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    global BOOT_TIME
+    path = '%s/stat' % get_procfs_path()
+    with open_binary(path) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            if line.startswith(b'btime'):
+                ret = float(line.strip().split()[1])
+                BOOT_TIME = ret
+                return ret
+        raise RuntimeError("line 'btime' not found in %s" % path)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def pids():
+    """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system."""
+    return [int(x) for x in os.listdir(b(get_procfs_path())) if x.isdigit()]
+
+
+def pid_exists(pid):
+    """Check for the existence of a unix PID. Linux TIDs are not
+    supported (always return False).
+    """
+    if not _psposix.pid_exists(pid):
+        return False
+    else:
+        # Linux's apparently does not distinguish between PIDs and TIDs
+        # (thread IDs).
+        # listdir("/proc") won't show any TID (only PIDs) but
+        # os.stat("/proc/{tid}") will succeed if {tid} exists.
+        # os.kill() can also be passed a TID. This is quite confusing.
+        # In here we want to enforce this distinction and support PIDs
+        # only, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/687
+        try:
+            # Note: already checked that this is faster than using a
+            # regular expr. Also (a lot) faster than doing
+            # 'return pid in pids()'
+            path = "%s/%s/status" % (get_procfs_path(), pid)
+            with open_binary(path) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    if line.startswith(b"Tgid:"):
+                        tgid = int(line.split()[1])
+                        # If tgid and pid are the same then we're
+                        # dealing with a process PID.
+                        return tgid == pid
+                raise ValueError("'Tgid' line not found in %s" % path)
+        except (EnvironmentError, ValueError):
+            return pid in pids()
+
+
+def ppid_map():
+    """Obtain a {pid: ppid, ...} dict for all running processes in
+    one shot. Used to speed up Process.children().
+    """
+    ret = {}
+    procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+    for pid in pids():
+        try:
+            with open_binary("%s/%s/stat" % (procfs_path, pid)) as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+            # Note: we should be able to access /stat for all processes
+            # aka it's unlikely we'll bump into EPERM, which is good.
+            pass
+        else:
+            rpar = data.rfind(b')')
+            dset = data[rpar + 2 :].split()
+            ppid = int(dset[1])
+            ret[pid] = ppid
+    return ret
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Decorator which translates bare OSError and IOError exceptions
+    into NoSuchProcess and AccessDenied.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        except ProcessLookupError:
+            self._raise_if_zombie()
+            raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self._raise_if_zombie()
+            # /proc/PID directory may still exist, but the files within
+            # it may not, indicating the process is gone, see:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2418
+            if not os.path.exists(
+                "%s/%s/stat" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+            ):
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Linux process implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "_procfs_path", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+        self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+
+    def _is_zombie(self):
+        # Note: most of the times Linux is able to return info about the
+        # process even if it's a zombie, and /proc/{pid} will exist.
+        # There are some exceptions though, like exe(), cmdline() and
+        # memory_maps(). In these cases /proc/{pid}/{file} exists but
+        # it's empty. Instead of returning a "null" value we'll raise an
+        # exception.
+        try:
+            data = bcat("%s/%s/stat" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            rpar = data.rfind(b')')
+            status = data[rpar + 2 : rpar + 3]
+            return status == b"Z"
+
+    def _raise_if_zombie(self):
+        if self._is_zombie():
+            raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+
+    def _raise_if_not_alive(self):
+        """Raise NSP if the process disappeared on us."""
+        # For those C function who do not raise NSP, possibly returning
+        # incorrect or incomplete result.
+        os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _parse_stat_file(self):
+        """Parse /proc/{pid}/stat file and return a dict with various
+        process info.
+        Using "man proc" as a reference: where "man proc" refers to
+        position N always subtract 3 (e.g ppid position 4 in
+        'man proc' == position 1 in here).
+        The return value is cached in case oneshot() ctx manager is
+        in use.
+        """
+        data = bcat("%s/%s/stat" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        # Process name is between parentheses. It can contain spaces and
+        # other parentheses. This is taken into account by looking for
+        # the first occurrence of "(" and the last occurrence of ")".
+        rpar = data.rfind(b')')
+        name = data[data.find(b'(') + 1 : rpar]
+        fields = data[rpar + 2 :].split()
+
+        ret = {}
+        ret['name'] = name
+        ret['status'] = fields[0]
+        ret['ppid'] = fields[1]
+        ret['ttynr'] = fields[4]
+        ret['utime'] = fields[11]
+        ret['stime'] = fields[12]
+        ret['children_utime'] = fields[13]
+        ret['children_stime'] = fields[14]
+        ret['create_time'] = fields[19]
+        ret['cpu_num'] = fields[36]
+        try:
+            ret['blkio_ticks'] = fields[39]  # aka 'delayacct_blkio_ticks'
+        except IndexError:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2455
+            debug("can't get blkio_ticks, set iowait to 0")
+            ret['blkio_ticks'] = 0
+
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _read_status_file(self):
+        """Read /proc/{pid}/stat file and return its content.
+        The return value is cached in case oneshot() ctx manager is
+        in use.
+        """
+        with open_binary("%s/%s/status" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _read_smaps_file(self):
+        with open_binary("%s/%s/smaps" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+            return f.read().strip()
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self._parse_stat_file.cache_activate(self)
+        self._read_status_file.cache_activate(self)
+        self._read_smaps_file.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self._parse_stat_file.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._read_status_file.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._read_smaps_file.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def name(self):
+        name = self._parse_stat_file()['name']
+        if PY3:
+            name = decode(name)
+        # XXX - gets changed later and probably needs refactoring
+        return name
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def exe(self):
+        try:
+            return readlink("%s/%s/exe" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+            self._raise_if_zombie()
+            # no such file error; might be raised also if the
+            # path actually exists for system processes with
+            # low pids (about 0-20)
+            if os.path.lexists("%s/%s" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)):
+                return ""
+            raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cmdline(self):
+        with open_text("%s/%s/cmdline" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        if not data:
+            # may happen in case of zombie process
+            self._raise_if_zombie()
+            return []
+        # 'man proc' states that args are separated by null bytes '\0'
+        # and last char is supposed to be a null byte. Nevertheless
+        # some processes may change their cmdline after being started
+        # (via setproctitle() or similar), they are usually not
+        # compliant with this rule and use spaces instead. Google
+        # Chrome process is an example. See:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1179
+        sep = '\x00' if data.endswith('\x00') else ' '
+        if data.endswith(sep):
+            data = data[:-1]
+        cmdline = data.split(sep)
+        # Sometimes last char is a null byte '\0' but the args are
+        # separated by spaces, see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/
+        # issues/1179#issuecomment-552984549
+        if sep == '\x00' and len(cmdline) == 1 and ' ' in data:
+            cmdline = data.split(' ')
+        return cmdline
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def environ(self):
+        with open_text("%s/%s/environ" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        return parse_environ_block(data)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def terminal(self):
+        tty_nr = int(self._parse_stat_file()['ttynr'])
+        tmap = _psposix.get_terminal_map()
+        try:
+            return tmap[tty_nr]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+    # May not be available on old kernels.
+    if os.path.exists('/proc/%s/io' % os.getpid()):
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def io_counters(self):
+            fname = "%s/%s/io" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+            fields = {}
+            with open_binary(fname) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1004
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    if line:
+                        try:
+                            name, value = line.split(b': ')
+                        except ValueError:
+                            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1004
+                            continue
+                        else:
+                            fields[name] = int(value)
+            if not fields:
+                raise RuntimeError("%s file was empty" % fname)
+            try:
+                return pio(
+                    fields[b'syscr'],  # read syscalls
+                    fields[b'syscw'],  # write syscalls
+                    fields[b'read_bytes'],  # read bytes
+                    fields[b'write_bytes'],  # write bytes
+                    fields[b'rchar'],  # read chars
+                    fields[b'wchar'],  # write chars
+                )
+            except KeyError as err:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%r field was not found in %s; found fields are %r"
+                    % (err.args[0], fname, fields)
+                )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        values = self._parse_stat_file()
+        utime = float(values['utime']) / CLOCK_TICKS
+        stime = float(values['stime']) / CLOCK_TICKS
+        children_utime = float(values['children_utime']) / CLOCK_TICKS
+        children_stime = float(values['children_stime']) / CLOCK_TICKS
+        iowait = float(values['blkio_ticks']) / CLOCK_TICKS
+        return pcputimes(utime, stime, children_utime, children_stime, iowait)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_num(self):
+        """What CPU the process is on."""
+        return int(self._parse_stat_file()['cpu_num'])
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self):
+        ctime = float(self._parse_stat_file()['create_time'])
+        # According to documentation, starttime is in field 21 and the
+        # unit is jiffies (clock ticks).
+        # We first divide it for clock ticks and then add uptime returning
+        # seconds since the epoch.
+        # Also use cached value if available.
+        bt = BOOT_TIME or boot_time()
+        return (ctime / CLOCK_TICKS) + bt
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        #  ============================================================
+        # | FIELD  | DESCRIPTION                         | AKA  | TOP  |
+        #  ============================================================
+        # | rss    | resident set size                   |      | RES  |
+        # | vms    | total program size                  | size | VIRT |
+        # | shared | shared pages (from shared mappings) |      | SHR  |
+        # | text   | text ('code')                       | trs  | CODE |
+        # | lib    | library (unused in Linux 2.6)       | lrs  |      |
+        # | data   | data + stack                        | drs  | DATA |
+        # | dirty  | dirty pages (unused in Linux 2.6)   | dt   |      |
+        #  ============================================================
+        with open_binary("%s/%s/statm" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+            vms, rss, shared, text, lib, data, dirty = (
+                int(x) * PAGESIZE for x in f.readline().split()[:7]
+            )
+        return pmem(rss, vms, shared, text, lib, data, dirty)
+
+    if HAS_PROC_SMAPS_ROLLUP or HAS_PROC_SMAPS:
+
+        def _parse_smaps_rollup(self):
+            # /proc/pid/smaps_rollup was added to Linux in 2017. Faster
+            # than /proc/pid/smaps. It reports higher PSS than */smaps
+            # (from 1k up to 200k higher; tested against all processes).
+            # IMPORTANT: /proc/pid/smaps_rollup is weird, because it
+            # raises ESRCH / ENOENT for many PIDs, even if they're alive
+            # (also as root). In that case we'll use /proc/pid/smaps as
+            # fallback, which is slower but has a +50% success rate
+            # compared to /proc/pid/smaps_rollup.
+            uss = pss = swap = 0
+            with open_binary(
+                "{}/{}/smaps_rollup".format(self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+            ) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    if line.startswith(b"Private_"):
+                        # Private_Clean, Private_Dirty, Private_Hugetlb
+                        uss += int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+                    elif line.startswith(b"Pss:"):
+                        pss = int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+                    elif line.startswith(b"Swap:"):
+                        swap = int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+            return (uss, pss, swap)
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def _parse_smaps(
+            self,
+            # Gets Private_Clean, Private_Dirty, Private_Hugetlb.
+            _private_re=re.compile(br"\nPrivate.*:\s+(\d+)"),
+            _pss_re=re.compile(br"\nPss\:\s+(\d+)"),
+            _swap_re=re.compile(br"\nSwap\:\s+(\d+)"),
+        ):
+            # /proc/pid/smaps does not exist on kernels < 2.6.14 or if
+            # CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is not enabled.
+
+            # Note: using 3 regexes is faster than reading the file
+            # line by line.
+            # XXX: on Python 3 the 2 regexes are 30% slower than on
+            # Python 2 though. Figure out why.
+            #
+            # You might be tempted to calculate USS by subtracting
+            # the "shared" value from the "resident" value in
+            # /proc/<pid>/statm. But at least on Linux, statm's "shared"
+            # value actually counts pages backed by files, which has
+            # little to do with whether the pages are actually shared.
+            # /proc/self/smaps on the other hand appears to give us the
+            # correct information.
+            smaps_data = self._read_smaps_file()
+            # Note: smaps file can be empty for certain processes.
+            # The code below will not crash though and will result to 0.
+            uss = sum(map(int, _private_re.findall(smaps_data))) * 1024
+            pss = sum(map(int, _pss_re.findall(smaps_data))) * 1024
+            swap = sum(map(int, _swap_re.findall(smaps_data))) * 1024
+            return (uss, pss, swap)
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def memory_full_info(self):
+            if HAS_PROC_SMAPS_ROLLUP:  # faster
+                try:
+                    uss, pss, swap = self._parse_smaps_rollup()
+                except (ProcessLookupError, FileNotFoundError):
+                    uss, pss, swap = self._parse_smaps()
+            else:
+                uss, pss, swap = self._parse_smaps()
+            basic_mem = self.memory_info()
+            return pfullmem(*basic_mem + (uss, pss, swap))
+
+    else:
+        memory_full_info = memory_info
+
+    if HAS_PROC_SMAPS:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def memory_maps(self):
+            """Return process's mapped memory regions as a list of named
+            tuples. Fields are explained in 'man proc'; here is an updated
+            (Apr 2012) version: http://goo.gl/fmebo.
+
+            /proc/{PID}/smaps does not exist on kernels < 2.6.14 or if
+            CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is not enabled.
+            """
+
+            def get_blocks(lines, current_block):
+                data = {}
+                for line in lines:
+                    fields = line.split(None, 5)
+                    if not fields[0].endswith(b':'):
+                        # new block section
+                        yield (current_block.pop(), data)
+                        current_block.append(line)
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            data[fields[0]] = int(fields[1]) * 1024
+                        except ValueError:
+                            if fields[0].startswith(b'VmFlags:'):
+                                # see issue #369
+                                continue
+                            else:
+                                raise ValueError(
+                                    "don't know how to interpret line %r"
+                                    % line
+                                )
+                yield (current_block.pop(), data)
+
+            data = self._read_smaps_file()
+            # Note: smaps file can be empty for certain processes or for
+            # zombies.
+            if not data:
+                self._raise_if_zombie()
+                return []
+            lines = data.split(b'\n')
+            ls = []
+            first_line = lines.pop(0)
+            current_block = [first_line]
+            for header, data in get_blocks(lines, current_block):
+                hfields = header.split(None, 5)
+                try:
+                    addr, perms, _offset, _dev, _inode, path = hfields
+                except ValueError:
+                    addr, perms, _offset, _dev, _inode, path = hfields + ['']
+                if not path:
+                    path = '[anon]'
+                else:
+                    if PY3:
+                        path = decode(path)
+                    path = path.strip()
+                    if path.endswith(' (deleted)') and not path_exists_strict(
+                        path
+                    ):
+                        path = path[:-10]
+                item = (
+                    decode(addr),
+                    decode(perms),
+                    path,
+                    data.get(b'Rss:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Size:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Pss:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Shared_Clean:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Shared_Dirty:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Private_Clean:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Private_Dirty:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Referenced:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Anonymous:', 0),
+                    data.get(b'Swap:', 0),
+                )
+                ls.append(item)
+            return ls
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cwd(self):
+        return readlink("%s/%s/cwd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(
+        self, _ctxsw_re=re.compile(br'ctxt_switches:\t(\d+)')
+    ):
+        data = self._read_status_file()
+        ctxsw = _ctxsw_re.findall(data)
+        if not ctxsw:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "'voluntary_ctxt_switches' and 'nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches'"
+                "lines were not found in %s/%s/status; the kernel is "
+                "probably older than 2.6.23" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+            )
+        else:
+            return _common.pctxsw(int(ctxsw[0]), int(ctxsw[1]))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self, _num_threads_re=re.compile(br'Threads:\t(\d+)')):
+        # Note: on Python 3 using a re is faster than iterating over file
+        # line by line. On Python 2 is the exact opposite, and iterating
+        # over a file on Python 3 is slower than on Python 2.
+        data = self._read_status_file()
+        return int(_num_threads_re.findall(data)[0])
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def threads(self):
+        thread_ids = os.listdir("%s/%s/task" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        thread_ids.sort()
+        retlist = []
+        hit_enoent = False
+        for thread_id in thread_ids:
+            fname = "%s/%s/task/%s/stat" % (
+                self._procfs_path,
+                self.pid,
+                thread_id,
+            )
+            try:
+                with open_binary(fname) as f:
+                    st = f.read().strip()
+            except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+                # no such file or directory or no such process;
+                # it means thread disappeared on us
+                hit_enoent = True
+                continue
+            # ignore the first two values ("pid (exe)")
+            st = st[st.find(b')') + 2 :]
+            values = st.split(b' ')
+            utime = float(values[11]) / CLOCK_TICKS
+            stime = float(values[12]) / CLOCK_TICKS
+            ntuple = _common.pthread(int(thread_id), utime, stime)
+            retlist.append(ntuple)
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._raise_if_not_alive()
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        # with open_text('%s/%s/stat' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) as f:
+        #   data = f.read()
+        #   return int(data.split()[18])
+
+        # Use C implementation
+        return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)
+
+    # starting from CentOS 6.
+    if HAS_CPU_AFFINITY:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def cpu_affinity_get(self):
+            return cext.proc_cpu_affinity_get(self.pid)
+
+        def _get_eligible_cpus(
+            self, _re=re.compile(br"Cpus_allowed_list:\t(\d+)-(\d+)")
+        ):
+            # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/956
+            data = self._read_status_file()
+            match = _re.findall(data)
+            if match:
+                return list(range(int(match[0][0]), int(match[0][1]) + 1))
+            else:
+                return list(range(len(per_cpu_times())))
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def cpu_affinity_set(self, cpus):
+            try:
+                cext.proc_cpu_affinity_set(self.pid, cpus)
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+                if isinstance(err, ValueError) or err.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    eligible_cpus = self._get_eligible_cpus()
+                    all_cpus = tuple(range(len(per_cpu_times())))
+                    for cpu in cpus:
+                        if cpu not in all_cpus:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                "invalid CPU number %r; choose between %s"
+                                % (cpu, eligible_cpus)
+                            )
+                        if cpu not in eligible_cpus:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                "CPU number %r is not eligible; choose "
+                                "between %s" % (cpu, eligible_cpus)
+                            )
+                raise
+
+    # only starting from kernel 2.6.13
+    if HAS_PROC_IO_PRIORITY:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def ionice_get(self):
+            ioclass, value = cext.proc_ioprio_get(self.pid)
+            if enum is not None:
+                ioclass = IOPriority(ioclass)
+            return _common.pionice(ioclass, value)
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def ionice_set(self, ioclass, value):
+            if value is None:
+                value = 0
+            if value and ioclass in {IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE, IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE}:
+                raise ValueError("%r ioclass accepts no value" % ioclass)
+            if value < 0 or value > 7:
+                msg = "value not in 0-7 range"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return cext.proc_ioprio_set(self.pid, ioclass, value)
+
+    if prlimit is not None:
+
+        @wrap_exceptions
+        def rlimit(self, resource_, limits=None):
+            # If pid is 0 prlimit() applies to the calling process and
+            # we don't want that. We should never get here though as
+            # PID 0 is not supported on Linux.
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                msg = "can't use prlimit() against PID 0 process"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            try:
+                if limits is None:
+                    # get
+                    return prlimit(self.pid, resource_)
+                else:
+                    # set
+                    if len(limits) != 2:
+                        msg = (
+                            "second argument must be a (soft, hard) "
+                            + "tuple, got %s" % repr(limits)
+                        )
+                        raise ValueError(msg)
+                    prlimit(self.pid, resource_, limits)
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.errno == errno.ENOSYS:
+                    # I saw this happening on Travis:
+                    # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/51368273
+                    self._raise_if_zombie()
+                raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        letter = self._parse_stat_file()['status']
+        if PY3:
+            letter = letter.decode()
+        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(letter, '?')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def open_files(self):
+        retlist = []
+        files = os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+        hit_enoent = False
+        for fd in files:
+            file = "%s/%s/fd/%s" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid, fd)
+            try:
+                path = readlink(file)
+            except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+                # ENOENT == file which is gone in the meantime
+                hit_enoent = True
+                continue
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    # not a link
+                    continue
+                if err.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                    # file name too long
+                    debug(err)
+                    continue
+                raise
+            else:
+                # If path is not an absolute there's no way to tell
+                # whether it's a regular file or not, so we skip it.
+                # A regular file is always supposed to be have an
+                # absolute path though.
+                if path.startswith('/') and isfile_strict(path):
+                    # Get file position and flags.
+                    file = "%s/%s/fdinfo/%s" % (
+                        self._procfs_path,
+                        self.pid,
+                        fd,
+                    )
+                    try:
+                        with open_binary(file) as f:
+                            pos = int(f.readline().split()[1])
+                            flags = int(f.readline().split()[1], 8)
+                    except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+                        # fd gone in the meantime; process may
+                        # still be alive
+                        hit_enoent = True
+                    else:
+                        mode = file_flags_to_mode(flags)
+                        ntuple = popenfile(
+                            path, int(fd), int(pos), mode, flags
+                        )
+                        retlist.append(ntuple)
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._raise_if_not_alive()
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        ret = _net_connections.retrieve(kind, self.pid)
+        self._raise_if_not_alive()
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_fds(self):
+        return len(os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ppid(self):
+        return int(self._parse_stat_file()['ppid'])
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def uids(self, _uids_re=re.compile(br'Uid:\t(\d+)\t(\d+)\t(\d+)')):
+        data = self._read_status_file()
+        real, effective, saved = _uids_re.findall(data)[0]
+        return _common.puids(int(real), int(effective), int(saved))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def gids(self, _gids_re=re.compile(br'Gid:\t(\d+)\t(\d+)\t(\d+)')):
+        data = self._read_status_file()
+        real, effective, saved = _gids_re.findall(data)[0]
+        return _common.pgids(int(real), int(effective), int(saved))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed9b319d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""macOS platform implementation."""
+
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import _common
+from . import _psposix
+from . import _psutil_osx as cext
+from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import conn_tmap
+from ._common import conn_to_ntuple
+from ._common import isfile_strict
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import parse_environ_block
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+
+
+__extra__all__ = []
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+PAGESIZE = cext_posix.getpagesize()
+AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK
+
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
+}
+
+PROC_STATUSES = {
+    cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+    cext.SRUN: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    cext.SSLEEP: _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+    cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+    cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+}
+
+kinfo_proc_map = dict(
+    ppid=0,
+    ruid=1,
+    euid=2,
+    suid=3,
+    rgid=4,
+    egid=5,
+    sgid=6,
+    ttynr=7,
+    ctime=8,
+    status=9,
+    name=10,
+)
+
+pidtaskinfo_map = dict(
+    cpuutime=0,
+    cpustime=1,
+    rss=2,
+    vms=3,
+    pfaults=4,
+    pageins=5,
+    numthreads=6,
+    volctxsw=7,
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# fmt: off
+# psutil.cpu_times()
+scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', ['user', 'nice', 'system', 'idle'])
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple(
+    'svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free',
+              'active', 'inactive', 'wired'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms', 'pfaults', 'pageins'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_full_info()
+pfullmem = namedtuple('pfullmem', pmem._fields + ('uss', ))
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    """System virtual memory as a namedtuple."""
+    total, active, inactive, wired, free, speculative = cext.virtual_mem()
+    # This is how Zabbix calculate avail and used mem:
+    # https://github.com/zabbix/zabbix/blob/trunk/src/libs/zbxsysinfo/
+    #     osx/memory.c
+    # Also see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1277
+    avail = inactive + free
+    used = active + wired
+    # This is NOT how Zabbix calculates free mem but it matches "free"
+    # cmdline utility.
+    free -= speculative
+    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, round_=1)
+    return svmem(total, avail, percent, used, free, active, inactive, wired)
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Swap system memory as a (total, used, free, sin, sout) tuple."""
+    total, used, free, sin, sout = cext.swap_mem()
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return system CPU times as a namedtuple."""
+    user, nice, system, idle = cext.cpu_times()
+    return scputimes(user, nice, system, idle)
+
+
+def per_cpu_times():
+    """Return system CPU times as a named tuple."""
+    ret = []
+    for cpu_t in cext.per_cpu_times():
+        user, nice, system, idle = cpu_t
+        item = scputimes(user, nice, system, idle)
+        ret.append(item)
+    return ret
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_logical()
+
+
+def cpu_count_cores():
+    """Return the number of CPU cores in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_cores()
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls, _traps = (
+        cext.cpu_stats()
+    )
+    return _common.scpustats(
+        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls
+    )
+
+
+def cpu_freq():
+    """Return CPU frequency.
+    On macOS per-cpu frequency is not supported.
+    Also, the returned frequency never changes, see:
+    https://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=465002.
+    """
+    curr, min_, max_ = cext.cpu_freq()
+    return [_common.scpufreq(curr, min_, max_)]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage
+disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return mounted disk partitions as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    partitions = cext.disk_partitions()
+    for partition in partitions:
+        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
+        if device == 'none':
+            device = ''
+        if not all:
+            if not os.path.isabs(device) or not os.path.exists(device):
+                continue
+        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
+        retlist.append(ntuple)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def sensors_battery():
+    """Return battery information."""
+    try:
+        percent, minsleft, power_plugged = cext.sensors_battery()
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        # no power source - return None according to interface
+        return None
+    power_plugged = power_plugged == 1
+    if power_plugged:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+    elif minsleft == -1:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+    else:
+        secsleft = minsleft * 60
+    return _common.sbattery(percent, secsleft, power_plugged)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters
+net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
+
+
+def net_connections(kind='inet'):
+    """System-wide network connections."""
+    # Note: on macOS this will fail with AccessDenied unless
+    # the process is owned by root.
+    ret = []
+    for pid in pids():
+        try:
+            cons = Process(pid).net_connections(kind)
+        except NoSuchProcess:
+            continue
+        else:
+            if cons:
+                for c in cons:
+                    c = list(c) + [pid]
+                    ret.append(_common.sconn(*c))
+    return ret
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    names = net_io_counters().keys()
+    ret = {}
+    for name in names:
+        try:
+            mtu = cext_posix.net_if_mtu(name)
+            flags = cext_posix.net_if_flags(name)
+            duplex, speed = cext_posix.net_if_duplex_speed(name)
+        except OSError as err:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1279
+            if err.errno != errno.ENODEV:
+                raise
+        else:
+            if hasattr(_common, 'NicDuplex'):
+                duplex = _common.NicDuplex(duplex)
+            output_flags = ','.join(flags)
+            isup = 'running' in flags
+            ret[name] = _common.snicstats(
+                isup, duplex, speed, mtu, output_flags
+            )
+    return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    return cext.boot_time()
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid = item
+        if tty == '~':
+            continue  # reboot or shutdown
+        if not tstamp:
+            continue
+        nt = _common.suser(user, tty or None, hostname or None, tstamp, pid)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def pids():
+    ls = cext.pids()
+    if 0 not in ls:
+        # On certain macOS versions pids() C doesn't return PID 0 but
+        # "ps" does and the process is querable via sysctl():
+        # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/309619941
+        try:
+            Process(0).create_time()
+            ls.insert(0, 0)
+        except NoSuchProcess:
+            pass
+        except AccessDenied:
+            ls.insert(0, 0)
+    return ls
+
+
+pid_exists = _psposix.pid_exists
+
+
+def is_zombie(pid):
+    try:
+        st = cext.proc_kinfo_oneshot(pid)[kinfo_proc_map['status']]
+        return st == cext.SZOMB
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Decorator which translates bare OSError exceptions into
+    NoSuchProcess and AccessDenied.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except ProcessLookupError:
+            if is_zombie(self.pid):
+                raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+            else:
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _get_kinfo_proc(self):
+        # Note: should work with all PIDs without permission issues.
+        ret = cext.proc_kinfo_oneshot(self.pid)
+        assert len(ret) == len(kinfo_proc_map)
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _get_pidtaskinfo(self):
+        # Note: should work for PIDs owned by user only.
+        ret = cext.proc_pidtaskinfo_oneshot(self.pid)
+        assert len(ret) == len(pidtaskinfo_map)
+        return ret
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self._get_kinfo_proc.cache_activate(self)
+        self._get_pidtaskinfo.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self._get_kinfo_proc.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._get_pidtaskinfo.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def name(self):
+        name = self._get_kinfo_proc()[kinfo_proc_map['name']]
+        return name if name is not None else cext.proc_name(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def exe(self):
+        return cext.proc_exe(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cmdline(self):
+        return cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def environ(self):
+        return parse_environ_block(cext.proc_environ(self.pid))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ppid(self):
+        self._ppid = self._get_kinfo_proc()[kinfo_proc_map['ppid']]
+        return self._ppid
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cwd(self):
+        return cext.proc_cwd(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def uids(self):
+        rawtuple = self._get_kinfo_proc()
+        return _common.puids(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['ruid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['euid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['suid']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def gids(self):
+        rawtuple = self._get_kinfo_proc()
+        return _common.puids(
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['rgid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['egid']],
+            rawtuple[kinfo_proc_map['sgid']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def terminal(self):
+        tty_nr = self._get_kinfo_proc()[kinfo_proc_map['ttynr']]
+        tmap = _psposix.get_terminal_map()
+        try:
+            return tmap[tty_nr]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        rawtuple = self._get_pidtaskinfo()
+        return pmem(
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['rss']],
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['vms']],
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['pfaults']],
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['pageins']],
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_full_info(self):
+        basic_mem = self.memory_info()
+        uss = cext.proc_memory_uss(self.pid)
+        return pfullmem(*basic_mem + (uss,))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        rawtuple = self._get_pidtaskinfo()
+        return _common.pcputimes(
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['cpuutime']],
+            rawtuple[pidtaskinfo_map['cpustime']],
+            # children user / system times are not retrievable (set to 0)
+            0.0,
+            0.0,
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self):
+        return self._get_kinfo_proc()[kinfo_proc_map['ctime']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        # Unvoluntary value seems not to be available;
+        # getrusage() numbers seems to confirm this theory.
+        # We set it to 0.
+        vol = self._get_pidtaskinfo()[pidtaskinfo_map['volctxsw']]
+        return _common.pctxsw(vol, 0)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self):
+        return self._get_pidtaskinfo()[pidtaskinfo_map['numthreads']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def open_files(self):
+        if self.pid == 0:
+            return []
+        files = []
+        rawlist = cext.proc_open_files(self.pid)
+        for path, fd in rawlist:
+            if isfile_strict(path):
+                ntuple = _common.popenfile(path, fd)
+                files.append(ntuple)
+        return files
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        if kind not in conn_tmap:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+                % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in conn_tmap]))
+            )
+        families, types = conn_tmap[kind]
+        rawlist = cext.proc_net_connections(self.pid, families, types)
+        ret = []
+        for item in rawlist:
+            fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status = item
+            nt = conn_to_ntuple(
+                fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status, TCP_STATUSES
+            )
+            ret.append(nt)
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_fds(self):
+        if self.pid == 0:
+            return 0
+        return cext.proc_num_fds(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        code = self._get_kinfo_proc()[kinfo_proc_map['status']]
+        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def threads(self):
+        rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid)
+        retlist = []
+        for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist:
+            ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime)
+            retlist.append(ntuple)
+        return retlist
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psposix.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psposix.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42bdfa7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psposix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Routines common to all posix systems."""
+
+import glob
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+import time
+
+from ._common import MACOS
+from ._common import TimeoutExpired
+from ._common import memoize
+from ._common import sdiskusage
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PY3
+from ._compat import ChildProcessError
+from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from ._compat import InterruptedError
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from ._compat import unicode
+
+
+if MACOS:
+    from . import _psutil_osx
+
+
+if PY3:
+    import enum
+else:
+    enum = None
+
+
+__all__ = ['pid_exists', 'wait_pid', 'disk_usage', 'get_terminal_map']
+
+
+def pid_exists(pid):
+    """Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
+    if pid == 0:
+        # According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 has a special meaning:
+        # it refers to <<every process in the process group of the
+        # calling process>> so we don't want to go any further.
+        # If we get here it means this UNIX platform *does* have
+        # a process with id 0.
+        return True
+    try:
+        os.kill(pid, 0)
+    except ProcessLookupError:
+        return False
+    except PermissionError:
+        # EPERM clearly means there's a process to deny access to
+        return True
+    # According to "man 2 kill" possible error values are
+    # (EINVAL, EPERM, ESRCH)
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+# Python 3.5 signals enum (contributed by me ^^):
+# https://bugs.python.org/issue21076
+if enum is not None and hasattr(signal, "Signals"):
+    Negsignal = enum.IntEnum(
+        'Negsignal', dict([(x.name, -x.value) for x in signal.Signals])
+    )
+
+    def negsig_to_enum(num):
+        """Convert a negative signal value to an enum."""
+        try:
+            return Negsignal(num)
+        except ValueError:
+            return num
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def negsig_to_enum(num):
+        return num
+
+
+def wait_pid(
+    pid,
+    timeout=None,
+    proc_name=None,
+    _waitpid=os.waitpid,
+    _timer=getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time),  # noqa: B008
+    _min=min,
+    _sleep=time.sleep,
+    _pid_exists=pid_exists,
+):
+    """Wait for a process PID to terminate.
+
+    If the process terminated normally by calling exit(3) or _exit(2),
+    or by returning from main(), the return value is the positive integer
+    passed to *exit().
+
+    If it was terminated by a signal it returns the negated value of the
+    signal which caused the termination (e.g. -SIGTERM).
+
+    If PID is not a children of os.getpid() (current process) just
+    wait until the process disappears and return None.
+
+    If PID does not exist at all return None immediately.
+
+    If *timeout* != None and process is still alive raise TimeoutExpired.
+    timeout=0 is also possible (either return immediately or raise).
+    """
+    if pid <= 0:
+        # see "man waitpid"
+        msg = "can't wait for PID 0"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    interval = 0.0001
+    flags = 0
+    if timeout is not None:
+        flags |= os.WNOHANG
+        stop_at = _timer() + timeout
+
+    def sleep(interval):
+        # Sleep for some time and return a new increased interval.
+        if timeout is not None:
+            if _timer() >= stop_at:
+                raise TimeoutExpired(timeout, pid=pid, name=proc_name)
+        _sleep(interval)
+        return _min(interval * 2, 0.04)
+
+    # See: https://linux.die.net/man/2/waitpid
+    while True:
+        try:
+            retpid, status = os.waitpid(pid, flags)
+        except InterruptedError:
+            interval = sleep(interval)
+        except ChildProcessError:
+            # This has two meanings:
+            # - PID is not a child of os.getpid() in which case
+            #   we keep polling until it's gone
+            # - PID never existed in the first place
+            # In both cases we'll eventually return None as we
+            # can't determine its exit status code.
+            while _pid_exists(pid):
+                interval = sleep(interval)
+            return
+        else:
+            if retpid == 0:
+                # WNOHANG flag was used and PID is still running.
+                interval = sleep(interval)
+                continue
+
+            if os.WIFEXITED(status):
+                # Process terminated normally by calling exit(3) or _exit(2),
+                # or by returning from main(). The return value is the
+                # positive integer passed to *exit().
+                return os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
+            elif os.WIFSIGNALED(status):
+                # Process exited due to a signal. Return the negative value
+                # of that signal.
+                return negsig_to_enum(-os.WTERMSIG(status))
+            # elif os.WIFSTOPPED(status):
+            #     # Process was stopped via SIGSTOP or is being traced, and
+            #     # waitpid() was called with WUNTRACED flag. PID is still
+            #     # alive. From now on waitpid() will keep returning (0, 0)
+            #     # until the process state doesn't change.
+            #     # It may make sense to catch/enable this since stopped PIDs
+            #     # ignore SIGTERM.
+            #     interval = sleep(interval)
+            #     continue
+            # elif os.WIFCONTINUED(status):
+            #     # Process was resumed via SIGCONT and waitpid() was called
+            #     # with WCONTINUED flag.
+            #     interval = sleep(interval)
+            #     continue
+            else:
+                # Should never happen.
+                raise ValueError("unknown process exit status %r" % status)
+
+
+def disk_usage(path):
+    """Return disk usage associated with path.
+    Note: UNIX usually reserves 5% disk space which is not accessible
+    by user. In this function "total" and "used" values reflect the
+    total and used disk space whereas "free" and "percent" represent
+    the "free" and "used percent" user disk space.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        st = os.statvfs(path)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        # os.statvfs() does not support unicode on Python 2:
+        # - https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/416
+        # - http://bugs.python.org/issue18695
+        try:
+            st = os.statvfs(path)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            if isinstance(path, unicode):
+                try:
+                    path = path.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+                except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                    pass
+                st = os.statvfs(path)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    # Total space which is only available to root (unless changed
+    # at system level).
+    total = st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize
+    # Remaining free space usable by root.
+    avail_to_root = st.f_bfree * st.f_frsize
+    # Remaining free space usable by user.
+    avail_to_user = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
+    # Total space being used in general.
+    used = total - avail_to_root
+    if MACOS:
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/2152
+        used = _psutil_osx.disk_usage_used(path, used)
+    # Total space which is available to user (same as 'total' but
+    # for the user).
+    total_user = used + avail_to_user
+    # User usage percent compared to the total amount of space
+    # the user can use. This number would be higher if compared
+    # to root's because the user has less space (usually -5%).
+    usage_percent_user = usage_percent(used, total_user, round_=1)
+
+    # NB: the percentage is -5% than what shown by df due to
+    # reserved blocks that we are currently not considering:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/829#issuecomment-223750462
+    return sdiskusage(
+        total=total, used=used, free=avail_to_user, percent=usage_percent_user
+    )
+
+
+@memoize
+def get_terminal_map():
+    """Get a map of device-id -> path as a dict.
+    Used by Process.terminal().
+    """
+    ret = {}
+    ls = glob.glob('/dev/tty*') + glob.glob('/dev/pts/*')
+    for name in ls:
+        assert name not in ret, name
+        try:
+            ret[os.stat(name).st_rdev] = name
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+    return ret
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pssunos.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pssunos.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a38d939d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pssunos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Sun OS Solaris platform implementation."""
+
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import namedtuple
+from socket import AF_INET
+
+from . import _common
+from . import _psposix
+from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
+from . import _psutil_sunos as cext
+from ._common import AF_INET6
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import ZombieProcess
+from ._common import debug
+from ._common import get_procfs_path
+from ._common import isfile_strict
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import sockfam_to_enum
+from ._common import socktype_to_enum
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PY3
+from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from ._compat import PermissionError
+from ._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from ._compat import b
+
+
+__extra__all__ = ["CONN_IDLE", "CONN_BOUND", "PROCFS_PATH"]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+PAGE_SIZE = cext_posix.getpagesize()
+AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK
+IS_64_BIT = sys.maxsize > 2**32
+
+CONN_IDLE = "IDLE"
+CONN_BOUND = "BOUND"
+
+PROC_STATUSES = {
+    cext.SSLEEP: _common.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+    cext.SRUN: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
+    cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
+    cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
+    cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
+    cext.SONPROC: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,  # same as run
+    cext.SWAIT: _common.STATUS_WAITING,
+}
+
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    cext.TCPS_SYN_RCVD: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
+    cext.TCPS_IDLE: CONN_IDLE,  # sunos specific
+    cext.TCPS_BOUND: CONN_BOUND,  # sunos specific
+}
+
+proc_info_map = dict(
+    ppid=0,
+    rss=1,
+    vms=2,
+    create_time=3,
+    nice=4,
+    num_threads=5,
+    status=6,
+    ttynr=7,
+    uid=8,
+    euid=9,
+    gid=10,
+    egid=11,
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# psutil.cpu_times()
+scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', ['user', 'system', 'idle', 'iowait'])
+# psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+pcputimes = namedtuple(
+    'pcputimes', ['user', 'system', 'children_user', 'children_system']
+)
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple('svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms'])
+pfullmem = pmem
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=True)
+pmmap_grouped = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_grouped', ['path', 'rss', 'anonymous', 'locked']
+)
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=False)
+pmmap_ext = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_ext', 'addr perms ' + ' '.join(pmmap_grouped._fields)
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    """Report virtual memory metrics."""
+    # we could have done this with kstat, but IMHO this is good enough
+    total = os.sysconf('SC_PHYS_PAGES') * PAGE_SIZE
+    # note: there's no difference on Solaris
+    free = avail = os.sysconf('SC_AVPHYS_PAGES') * PAGE_SIZE
+    used = total - free
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return svmem(total, avail, percent, used, free)
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Report swap memory metrics."""
+    sin, sout = cext.swap_mem()
+    # XXX
+    # we are supposed to get total/free by doing so:
+    # http://cvs.opensolaris.org/source/xref/onnv/onnv-gate/
+    #     usr/src/cmd/swap/swap.c
+    # ...nevertheless I can't manage to obtain the same numbers as 'swap'
+    # cmdline utility, so let's parse its output (sigh!)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        [
+            '/usr/bin/env',
+            'PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:%s' % os.environ['PATH'],
+            'swap',
+            '-l',
+        ],
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
+    stdout, _ = p.communicate()
+    if PY3:
+        stdout = stdout.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError("'swap -l' failed (retcode=%s)" % p.returncode)
+
+    lines = stdout.strip().split('\n')[1:]
+    if not lines:
+        msg = 'no swap device(s) configured'
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+    total = free = 0
+    for line in lines:
+        line = line.split()
+        t, f = line[3:5]
+        total += int(int(t) * 512)
+        free += int(int(f) * 512)
+    used = total - free
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return _common.sswap(
+        total, used, free, percent, sin * PAGE_SIZE, sout * PAGE_SIZE
+    )
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return system-wide CPU times as a named tuple."""
+    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
+    return scputimes(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*ret)])
+
+
+def per_cpu_times():
+    """Return system per-CPU times as a list of named tuples."""
+    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
+    return [scputimes(*x) for x in ret]
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    try:
+        return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN")
+    except ValueError:
+        # mimic os.cpu_count() behavior
+        return None
+
+
+def cpu_count_cores():
+    """Return the number of CPU cores in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_cores()
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple."""
+    ctx_switches, interrupts, syscalls, _traps = cext.cpu_stats()
+    soft_interrupts = 0
+    return _common.scpustats(
+        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls
+    )
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
+disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all=False):
+    """Return system disk partitions."""
+    # TODO - the filtering logic should be better checked so that
+    # it tries to reflect 'df' as much as possible
+    retlist = []
+    partitions = cext.disk_partitions()
+    for partition in partitions:
+        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
+        if device == 'none':
+            device = ''
+        if not all:
+            # Differently from, say, Linux, we don't have a list of
+            # common fs types so the best we can do, AFAIK, is to
+            # filter by filesystem having a total size > 0.
+            try:
+                if not disk_usage(mountpoint).total:
+                    continue
+            except OSError as err:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1674
+                debug("skipping %r: %s" % (mountpoint, err))
+                continue
+        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
+        retlist.append(ntuple)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters
+net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
+
+
+def net_connections(kind, _pid=-1):
+    """Return socket connections.  If pid == -1 return system-wide
+    connections (as opposed to connections opened by one process only).
+    Only INET sockets are returned (UNIX are not).
+    """
+    cmap = _common.conn_tmap.copy()
+    if _pid == -1:
+        cmap.pop('unix', 0)
+    if kind not in cmap:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+            % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in cmap]))
+        )
+    families, types = _common.conn_tmap[kind]
+    rawlist = cext.net_connections(_pid)
+    ret = set()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item
+        if fam not in families:
+            continue
+        if type_ not in types:
+            continue
+        # TODO: refactor and use _common.conn_to_ntuple.
+        if fam in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}:
+            if laddr:
+                laddr = _common.addr(*laddr)
+            if raddr:
+                raddr = _common.addr(*raddr)
+        status = TCP_STATUSES[status]
+        fam = sockfam_to_enum(fam)
+        type_ = socktype_to_enum(type_)
+        if _pid == -1:
+            nt = _common.sconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid)
+        else:
+            nt = _common.pconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status)
+        ret.add(nt)
+    return list(ret)
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    ret = cext.net_if_stats()
+    for name, items in ret.items():
+        isup, duplex, speed, mtu = items
+        if hasattr(_common, 'NicDuplex'):
+            duplex = _common.NicDuplex(duplex)
+        ret[name] = _common.snicstats(isup, duplex, speed, mtu, '')
+    return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    return cext.boot_time()
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    localhost = (':0.0', ':0')
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, user_process, pid = item
+        # note: the underlying C function includes entries about
+        # system boot, run level and others.  We might want
+        # to use them in the future.
+        if not user_process:
+            continue
+        if hostname in localhost:
+            hostname = 'localhost'
+        nt = _common.suser(user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def pids():
+    """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system."""
+    return [int(x) for x in os.listdir(b(get_procfs_path())) if x.isdigit()]
+
+
+def pid_exists(pid):
+    """Check for the existence of a unix pid."""
+    return _psposix.pid_exists(pid)
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Call callable into a try/except clause and translate ENOENT,
+    EACCES and EPERM in NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied exceptions.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ProcessLookupError):
+            # ENOENT (no such file or directory) gets raised on open().
+            # ESRCH (no such process) can get raised on read() if
+            # process is gone in meantime.
+            if not pid_exists(self.pid):
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+            else:
+                raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        except OSError:
+            if self.pid == 0:
+                if 0 in pids():
+                    raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+                else:
+                    raise
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "_procfs_path", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+        self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path()
+
+    def _assert_alive(self):
+        """Raise NSP if the process disappeared on us."""
+        # For those C function who do not raise NSP, possibly returning
+        # incorrect or incomplete result.
+        os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self._proc_name_and_args.cache_activate(self)
+        self._proc_basic_info.cache_activate(self)
+        self._proc_cred.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self._proc_name_and_args.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._proc_basic_info.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self._proc_cred.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_name_and_args(self):
+        return cext.proc_name_and_args(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_basic_info(self):
+        if self.pid == 0 and not os.path.exists(
+            '%s/%s/psinfo' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+        ):
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid)
+        ret = cext.proc_basic_info(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+        assert len(ret) == len(proc_info_map)
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_cred(self):
+        return cext.proc_cred(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def name(self):
+        # note: max len == 15
+        return self._proc_name_and_args()[0]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def exe(self):
+        try:
+            return os.readlink(
+                "%s/%s/path/a.out" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)
+            )
+        except OSError:
+            pass  # continue and guess the exe name from the cmdline
+        # Will be guessed later from cmdline but we want to explicitly
+        # invoke cmdline here in order to get an AccessDenied
+        # exception if the user has not enough privileges.
+        self.cmdline()
+        return ""
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cmdline(self):
+        return self._proc_name_and_args()[1].split(' ')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def environ(self):
+        return cext.proc_environ(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self):
+        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['create_time']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self):
+        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['num_threads']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        # Note #1: getpriority(3) doesn't work for realtime processes.
+        # Psinfo is what ps uses, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1194
+        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['nice']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        if self.pid in {2, 3}:
+            # Special case PIDs: internally setpriority(3) return ESRCH
+            # (no such process), no matter what.
+            # The process actually exists though, as it has a name,
+            # creation time, etc.
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ppid(self):
+        self._ppid = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ppid']]
+        return self._ppid
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def uids(self):
+        try:
+            real, effective, saved, _, _, _ = self._proc_cred()
+        except AccessDenied:
+            real = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['uid']]
+            effective = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['euid']]
+            saved = None
+        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def gids(self):
+        try:
+            _, _, _, real, effective, saved = self._proc_cred()
+        except AccessDenied:
+            real = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['gid']]
+            effective = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['egid']]
+            saved = None
+        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        try:
+            times = cext.proc_cpu_times(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if err.errno == errno.EOVERFLOW and not IS_64_BIT:
+                # We may get here if we attempt to query a 64bit process
+                # with a 32bit python.
+                # Error originates from read() and also tools like "cat"
+                # fail in the same way (!).
+                # Since there simply is no way to determine CPU times we
+                # return 0.0 as a fallback. See:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/857
+                times = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+            else:
+                raise
+        return _common.pcputimes(*times)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_num(self):
+        return cext.proc_cpu_num(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def terminal(self):
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        hit_enoent = False
+        tty = wrap_exceptions(self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ttynr']])
+        if tty != cext.PRNODEV:
+            for x in (0, 1, 2, 255):
+                try:
+                    return os.readlink(
+                        '%s/%d/path/%d' % (procfs_path, self.pid, x)
+                    )
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    hit_enoent = True
+                    continue
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._assert_alive()
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cwd(self):
+        # /proc/PID/path/cwd may not be resolved by readlink() even if
+        # it exists (ls shows it). If that's the case and the process
+        # is still alive return None (we can return None also on BSD).
+        # Reference: http://goo.gl/55XgO
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        try:
+            return os.readlink("%s/%s/path/cwd" % (procfs_path, self.pid))
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            os.stat("%s/%s" % (procfs_path, self.pid))  # raise NSP or AD
+            return ""
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        ret = self._proc_basic_info()
+        rss = ret[proc_info_map['rss']] * 1024
+        vms = ret[proc_info_map['vms']] * 1024
+        return pmem(rss, vms)
+
+    memory_full_info = memory_info
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        code = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['status']]
+        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
+        return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def threads(self):
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        ret = []
+        tids = os.listdir('%s/%d/lwp' % (procfs_path, self.pid))
+        hit_enoent = False
+        for tid in tids:
+            tid = int(tid)
+            try:
+                utime, stime = cext.query_process_thread(
+                    self.pid, tid, procfs_path
+                )
+            except EnvironmentError as err:
+                if err.errno == errno.EOVERFLOW and not IS_64_BIT:
+                    # We may get here if we attempt to query a 64bit process
+                    # with a 32bit python.
+                    # Error originates from read() and also tools like "cat"
+                    # fail in the same way (!).
+                    # Since there simply is no way to determine CPU times we
+                    # return 0.0 as a fallback. See:
+                    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/857
+                    continue
+                # ENOENT == thread gone in meantime
+                if err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                    hit_enoent = True
+                    continue
+                raise
+            else:
+                nt = _common.pthread(tid, utime, stime)
+                ret.append(nt)
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._assert_alive()
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def open_files(self):
+        retlist = []
+        hit_enoent = False
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        pathdir = '%s/%d/path' % (procfs_path, self.pid)
+        for fd in os.listdir('%s/%d/fd' % (procfs_path, self.pid)):
+            path = os.path.join(pathdir, fd)
+            if os.path.islink(path):
+                try:
+                    file = os.readlink(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    hit_enoent = True
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    if isfile_strict(file):
+                        retlist.append(_common.popenfile(file, int(fd)))
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._assert_alive()
+        return retlist
+
+    def _get_unix_sockets(self, pid):
+        """Get UNIX sockets used by process by parsing 'pfiles' output."""
+        # TODO: rewrite this in C (...but the damn netstat source code
+        # does not include this part! Argh!!)
+        cmd = ["pfiles", str(pid)]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+        if PY3:
+            stdout, stderr = (
+                x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)
+            )
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            if 'permission denied' in stderr.lower():
+                raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+            if 'no such process' in stderr.lower():
+                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+            raise RuntimeError("%r command error\n%s" % (cmd, stderr))
+
+        lines = stdout.split('\n')[2:]
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            line = line.lstrip()
+            if line.startswith('sockname: AF_UNIX'):
+                path = line.split(' ', 2)[2]
+                type = lines[i - 2].strip()
+                if type == 'SOCK_STREAM':
+                    type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
+                elif type == 'SOCK_DGRAM':
+                    type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+                else:
+                    type = -1
+                yield (-1, socket.AF_UNIX, type, path, "", _common.CONN_NONE)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        ret = net_connections(kind, _pid=self.pid)
+        # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS connections
+        # and filters them by PID.  At this point we can't tell whether
+        # an empty list means there were no connections for process or
+        # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID
+        # is no longer there.
+        if not ret:
+            # will raise NSP if process is gone
+            os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
+
+        # UNIX sockets
+        if kind in {'all', 'unix'}:
+            ret.extend([
+                _common.pconn(*conn)
+                for conn in self._get_unix_sockets(self.pid)
+            ])
+        return ret
+
+    nt_mmap_grouped = namedtuple('mmap', 'path rss anon locked')
+    nt_mmap_ext = namedtuple('mmap', 'addr perms path rss anon locked')
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_maps(self):
+        def toaddr(start, end):
+            return '%s-%s' % (
+                hex(start)[2:].strip('L'),
+                hex(end)[2:].strip('L'),
+            )
+
+        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
+        retlist = []
+        try:
+            rawlist = cext.proc_memory_maps(self.pid, procfs_path)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if err.errno == errno.EOVERFLOW and not IS_64_BIT:
+                # We may get here if we attempt to query a 64bit process
+                # with a 32bit python.
+                # Error originates from read() and also tools like "cat"
+                # fail in the same way (!).
+                # Since there simply is no way to determine CPU times we
+                # return 0.0 as a fallback. See:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/857
+                return []
+            else:
+                raise
+        hit_enoent = False
+        for item in rawlist:
+            addr, addrsize, perm, name, rss, anon, locked = item
+            addr = toaddr(addr, addrsize)
+            if not name.startswith('['):
+                try:
+                    name = os.readlink(
+                        '%s/%s/path/%s' % (procfs_path, self.pid, name)
+                    )
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                        # sometimes the link may not be resolved by
+                        # readlink() even if it exists (ls shows it).
+                        # If that's the case we just return the
+                        # unresolved link path.
+                        # This seems an inconsistency with /proc similar
+                        # to: http://goo.gl/55XgO
+                        name = '%s/%s/path/%s' % (procfs_path, self.pid, name)
+                        hit_enoent = True
+                    else:
+                        raise
+            retlist.append((addr, perm, name, rss, anon, locked))
+        if hit_enoent:
+            self._assert_alive()
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_fds(self):
+        return len(os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        return _common.pctxsw(
+            *cext.proc_num_ctx_switches(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
+        )
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_linux.abi3.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_linux.abi3.so
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6521d5af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_linux.abi3.so
Binary files differdiff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_posix.abi3.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_posix.abi3.so
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..213aa146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_posix.abi3.so
Binary files differdiff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pswindows.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pswindows.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e39ba711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/_pswindows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1173 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Windows platform implementation."""
+
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import functools
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import _common
+from ._common import ENCODING
+from ._common import ENCODING_ERRS
+from ._common import AccessDenied
+from ._common import NoSuchProcess
+from ._common import TimeoutExpired
+from ._common import conn_tmap
+from ._common import conn_to_ntuple
+from ._common import debug
+from ._common import isfile_strict
+from ._common import memoize
+from ._common import memoize_when_activated
+from ._common import parse_environ_block
+from ._common import usage_percent
+from ._compat import PY3
+from ._compat import long
+from ._compat import lru_cache
+from ._compat import range
+from ._compat import unicode
+from ._psutil_windows import ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+from ._psutil_windows import BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+from ._psutil_windows import HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS
+from ._psutil_windows import IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS
+from ._psutil_windows import NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+from ._psutil_windows import REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS
+
+
+try:
+    from . import _psutil_windows as cext
+except ImportError as err:
+    if (
+        str(err).lower().startswith("dll load failed")
+        and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] < 6
+    ):
+        # We may get here if:
+        # 1) we are on an old Windows version
+        # 2) psutil was installed via pip + wheel
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/811
+        msg = "this Windows version is too old (< Windows Vista); "
+        msg += "psutil 3.4.2 is the latest version which supports Windows "
+        msg += "2000, XP and 2003 server"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+    else:
+        raise
+
+if PY3:
+    import enum
+else:
+    enum = None
+
+# process priority constants, import from __init__.py:
+# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686219(v=vs.85).aspx
+# fmt: off
+__extra__all__ = [
+    "win_service_iter", "win_service_get",
+    # Process priority
+    "ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS", "BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS",
+    "HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS", "IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS", "NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS",
+    "REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS",
+    # IO priority
+    "IOPRIO_VERYLOW", "IOPRIO_LOW", "IOPRIO_NORMAL", "IOPRIO_HIGH",
+    # others
+    "CONN_DELETE_TCB", "AF_LINK",
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- globals
+# =====================================================================
+
+CONN_DELETE_TCB = "DELETE_TCB"
+ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY = 299
+PYPY = '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names
+
+if enum is None:
+    AF_LINK = -1
+else:
+    AddressFamily = enum.IntEnum('AddressFamily', {'AF_LINK': -1})
+    AF_LINK = AddressFamily.AF_LINK
+
+TCP_STATUSES = {
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_ESTAB: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_SYN_RCVD: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_FIN_WAIT1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_FIN_WAIT2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
+    cext.MIB_TCP_STATE_DELETE_TCB: CONN_DELETE_TCB,
+    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
+}
+
+if enum is not None:
+
+    class Priority(enum.IntEnum):
+        ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+        BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+        HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS = HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS
+        IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS = IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS
+        NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
+        REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS = REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS
+
+    globals().update(Priority.__members__)
+
+if enum is None:
+    IOPRIO_VERYLOW = 0
+    IOPRIO_LOW = 1
+    IOPRIO_NORMAL = 2
+    IOPRIO_HIGH = 3
+else:
+
+    class IOPriority(enum.IntEnum):
+        IOPRIO_VERYLOW = 0
+        IOPRIO_LOW = 1
+        IOPRIO_NORMAL = 2
+        IOPRIO_HIGH = 3
+
+    globals().update(IOPriority.__members__)
+
+pinfo_map = dict(
+    num_handles=0,
+    ctx_switches=1,
+    user_time=2,
+    kernel_time=3,
+    create_time=4,
+    num_threads=5,
+    io_rcount=6,
+    io_wcount=7,
+    io_rbytes=8,
+    io_wbytes=9,
+    io_count_others=10,
+    io_bytes_others=11,
+    num_page_faults=12,
+    peak_wset=13,
+    wset=14,
+    peak_paged_pool=15,
+    paged_pool=16,
+    peak_non_paged_pool=17,
+    non_paged_pool=18,
+    pagefile=19,
+    peak_pagefile=20,
+    mem_private=21,
+)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- named tuples
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+# fmt: off
+# psutil.cpu_times()
+scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes',
+                       ['user', 'system', 'idle', 'interrupt', 'dpc'])
+# psutil.virtual_memory()
+svmem = namedtuple('svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_info()
+pmem = namedtuple(
+    'pmem', ['rss', 'vms',
+             'num_page_faults', 'peak_wset', 'wset', 'peak_paged_pool',
+             'paged_pool', 'peak_nonpaged_pool', 'nonpaged_pool',
+             'pagefile', 'peak_pagefile', 'private'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_full_info()
+pfullmem = namedtuple('pfullmem', pmem._fields + ('uss', ))
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=True)
+pmmap_grouped = namedtuple('pmmap_grouped', ['path', 'rss'])
+# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=False)
+pmmap_ext = namedtuple(
+    'pmmap_ext', 'addr perms ' + ' '.join(pmmap_grouped._fields))
+# psutil.Process.io_counters()
+pio = namedtuple('pio', ['read_count', 'write_count',
+                         'read_bytes', 'write_bytes',
+                         'other_count', 'other_bytes'])
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=512)
+def convert_dos_path(s):
+    r"""Convert paths using native DOS format like:
+        "\Device\HarddiskVolume1\Windows\systemew\file.txt"
+    into:
+        "C:\Windows\systemew\file.txt".
+    """
+    rawdrive = '\\'.join(s.split('\\')[:3])
+    driveletter = cext.QueryDosDevice(rawdrive)
+    remainder = s[len(rawdrive) :]
+    return os.path.join(driveletter, remainder)
+
+
+def py2_strencode(s):
+    """Encode a unicode string to a byte string by using the default fs
+    encoding + "replace" error handler.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        return s
+    else:
+        return s.encode(ENCODING, ENCODING_ERRS)
+
+
+@memoize
+def getpagesize():
+    return cext.getpagesize()
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def virtual_memory():
+    """System virtual memory as a namedtuple."""
+    mem = cext.virtual_mem()
+    totphys, availphys, _totsys, _availsys = mem
+    total = totphys
+    avail = availphys
+    free = availphys
+    used = total - avail
+    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, round_=1)
+    return svmem(total, avail, percent, used, free)
+
+
+def swap_memory():
+    """Swap system memory as a (total, used, free, sin, sout) tuple."""
+    mem = cext.virtual_mem()
+
+    total_phys = mem[0]
+    total_system = mem[2]
+
+    # system memory (commit total/limit) is the sum of physical and swap
+    # thus physical memory values need to be subtracted to get swap values
+    total = total_system - total_phys
+    # commit total is incremented immediately (decrementing free_system)
+    # while the corresponding free physical value is not decremented until
+    # pages are accessed, so we can't use free system memory for swap.
+    # instead, we calculate page file usage based on performance counter
+    if total > 0:
+        percentswap = cext.swap_percent()
+        used = int(0.01 * percentswap * total)
+    else:
+        percentswap = 0.0
+        used = 0
+
+    free = total - used
+    percent = round(percentswap, 1)
+    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, 0, 0)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- disk
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
+
+
+def disk_usage(path):
+    """Return disk usage associated with path."""
+    if PY3 and isinstance(path, bytes):
+        # XXX: do we want to use "strict"? Probably yes, in order
+        # to fail immediately. After all we are accepting input here...
+        path = path.decode(ENCODING, errors="strict")
+    total, free = cext.disk_usage(path)
+    used = total - free
+    percent = usage_percent(used, total, round_=1)
+    return _common.sdiskusage(total, used, free, percent)
+
+
+def disk_partitions(all):
+    """Return disk partitions."""
+    rawlist = cext.disk_partitions(all)
+    return [_common.sdiskpart(*x) for x in rawlist]
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def cpu_times():
+    """Return system CPU times as a named tuple."""
+    user, system, idle = cext.cpu_times()
+    # Internally, GetSystemTimes() is used, and it doesn't return
+    # interrupt and dpc times. cext.per_cpu_times() does, so we
+    # rely on it to get those only.
+    percpu_summed = scputimes(*[sum(n) for n in zip(*cext.per_cpu_times())])
+    return scputimes(
+        user, system, idle, percpu_summed.interrupt, percpu_summed.dpc
+    )
+
+
+def per_cpu_times():
+    """Return system per-CPU times as a list of named tuples."""
+    ret = []
+    for user, system, idle, interrupt, dpc in cext.per_cpu_times():
+        item = scputimes(user, system, idle, interrupt, dpc)
+        ret.append(item)
+    return ret
+
+
+def cpu_count_logical():
+    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_logical()
+
+
+def cpu_count_cores():
+    """Return the number of CPU cores in the system."""
+    return cext.cpu_count_cores()
+
+
+def cpu_stats():
+    """Return CPU statistics."""
+    ctx_switches, interrupts, _dpcs, syscalls = cext.cpu_stats()
+    soft_interrupts = 0
+    return _common.scpustats(
+        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls
+    )
+
+
+def cpu_freq():
+    """Return CPU frequency.
+    On Windows per-cpu frequency is not supported.
+    """
+    curr, max_ = cext.cpu_freq()
+    min_ = 0.0
+    return [_common.scpufreq(float(curr), min_, float(max_))]
+
+
+_loadavg_inititialized = False
+
+
+def getloadavg():
+    """Return the number of processes in the system run queue averaged
+    over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes respectively as a tuple.
+    """
+    global _loadavg_inititialized
+
+    if not _loadavg_inititialized:
+        cext.init_loadavg_counter()
+        _loadavg_inititialized = True
+
+    # Drop to 2 decimal points which is what Linux does
+    raw_loads = cext.getloadavg()
+    return tuple([round(load, 2) for load in raw_loads])
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def net_connections(kind, _pid=-1):
+    """Return socket connections.  If pid == -1 return system-wide
+    connections (as opposed to connections opened by one process only).
+    """
+    if kind not in conn_tmap:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
+            % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in conn_tmap]))
+        )
+    families, types = conn_tmap[kind]
+    rawlist = cext.net_connections(_pid, families, types)
+    ret = set()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        fd, fam, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item
+        nt = conn_to_ntuple(
+            fd,
+            fam,
+            type,
+            laddr,
+            raddr,
+            status,
+            TCP_STATUSES,
+            pid=pid if _pid == -1 else None,
+        )
+        ret.add(nt)
+    return list(ret)
+
+
+def net_if_stats():
+    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
+    ret = {}
+    rawdict = cext.net_if_stats()
+    for name, items in rawdict.items():
+        if not PY3:
+            assert isinstance(name, unicode), type(name)
+            name = py2_strencode(name)
+        isup, duplex, speed, mtu = items
+        if hasattr(_common, 'NicDuplex'):
+            duplex = _common.NicDuplex(duplex)
+        ret[name] = _common.snicstats(isup, duplex, speed, mtu, '')
+    return ret
+
+
+def net_io_counters():
+    """Return network I/O statistics for every network interface
+    installed on the system as a dict of raw tuples.
+    """
+    ret = cext.net_io_counters()
+    return dict([(py2_strencode(k), v) for k, v in ret.items()])
+
+
+def net_if_addrs():
+    """Return the addresses associated to each NIC."""
+    ret = []
+    for items in cext.net_if_addrs():
+        items = list(items)
+        items[0] = py2_strencode(items[0])
+        ret.append(items)
+    return ret
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def sensors_battery():
+    """Return battery information."""
+    # For constants meaning see:
+    # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/
+    #     aa373232(v=vs.85).aspx
+    acline_status, flags, percent, secsleft = cext.sensors_battery()
+    power_plugged = acline_status == 1
+    no_battery = bool(flags & 128)
+    charging = bool(flags & 8)
+
+    if no_battery:
+        return None
+    if power_plugged or charging:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+    elif secsleft == -1:
+        secsleft = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+
+    return _common.sbattery(percent, secsleft, power_plugged)
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- other system functions
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+_last_btime = 0
+
+
+def boot_time():
+    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
+    # This dirty hack is to adjust the precision of the returned
+    # value which may have a 1 second fluctuation, see:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1007
+    global _last_btime
+    ret = float(cext.boot_time())
+    if abs(ret - _last_btime) <= 1:
+        return _last_btime
+    else:
+        _last_btime = ret
+        return ret
+
+
+def users():
+    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
+    retlist = []
+    rawlist = cext.users()
+    for item in rawlist:
+        user, hostname, tstamp = item
+        user = py2_strencode(user)
+        nt = _common.suser(user, None, hostname, tstamp, None)
+        retlist.append(nt)
+    return retlist
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- Windows services
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def win_service_iter():
+    """Yields a list of WindowsService instances."""
+    for name, display_name in cext.winservice_enumerate():
+        yield WindowsService(py2_strencode(name), py2_strencode(display_name))
+
+
+def win_service_get(name):
+    """Open a Windows service and return it as a WindowsService instance."""
+    service = WindowsService(name, None)
+    service._display_name = service._query_config()['display_name']
+    return service
+
+
+class WindowsService:  # noqa: PLW1641
+    """Represents an installed Windows service."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, display_name):
+        self._name = name
+        self._display_name = display_name
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        details = "(name=%r, display_name=%r)" % (
+            self._name,
+            self._display_name,
+        )
+        return "%s%s" % (self.__class__.__name__, details)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s at %s>" % (self.__str__(), id(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        # Test for equality with another WindosService object based
+        # on name.
+        if not isinstance(other, WindowsService):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._name == other._name
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def _query_config(self):
+        with self._wrap_exceptions():
+            display_name, binpath, username, start_type = (
+                cext.winservice_query_config(self._name)
+            )
+        # XXX - update _self.display_name?
+        return dict(
+            display_name=py2_strencode(display_name),
+            binpath=py2_strencode(binpath),
+            username=py2_strencode(username),
+            start_type=py2_strencode(start_type),
+        )
+
+    def _query_status(self):
+        with self._wrap_exceptions():
+            status, pid = cext.winservice_query_status(self._name)
+        if pid == 0:
+            pid = None
+        return dict(status=status, pid=pid)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _wrap_exceptions(self):
+        """Ctx manager which translates bare OSError and WindowsError
+        exceptions into NoSuchProcess and AccessDenied.
+        """
+        try:
+            yield
+        except OSError as err:
+            if is_permission_err(err):
+                msg = (
+                    "service %r is not querable (not enough privileges)"
+                    % self._name
+                )
+                raise AccessDenied(pid=None, name=self._name, msg=msg)
+            elif err.winerror in {
+                cext.ERROR_INVALID_NAME,
+                cext.ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST,
+            }:
+                msg = "service %r does not exist" % self._name
+                raise NoSuchProcess(pid=None, name=self._name, msg=msg)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    # config query
+
+    def name(self):
+        """The service name. This string is how a service is referenced
+        and can be passed to win_service_get() to get a new
+        WindowsService instance.
+        """
+        return self._name
+
+    def display_name(self):
+        """The service display name. The value is cached when this class
+        is instantiated.
+        """
+        return self._display_name
+
+    def binpath(self):
+        """The fully qualified path to the service binary/exe file as
+        a string, including command line arguments.
+        """
+        return self._query_config()['binpath']
+
+    def username(self):
+        """The name of the user that owns this service."""
+        return self._query_config()['username']
+
+    def start_type(self):
+        """A string which can either be "automatic", "manual" or
+        "disabled".
+        """
+        return self._query_config()['start_type']
+
+    # status query
+
+    def pid(self):
+        """The process PID, if any, else None. This can be passed
+        to Process class to control the service's process.
+        """
+        return self._query_status()['pid']
+
+    def status(self):
+        """Service status as a string."""
+        return self._query_status()['status']
+
+    def description(self):
+        """Service long description."""
+        return py2_strencode(cext.winservice_query_descr(self.name()))
+
+    # utils
+
+    def as_dict(self):
+        """Utility method retrieving all the information above as a
+        dictionary.
+        """
+        d = self._query_config()
+        d.update(self._query_status())
+        d['name'] = self.name()
+        d['display_name'] = self.display_name()
+        d['description'] = self.description()
+        return d
+
+    # actions
+    # XXX: the necessary C bindings for start() and stop() are
+    # implemented but for now I prefer not to expose them.
+    # I may change my mind in the future. Reasons:
+    # - they require Administrator privileges
+    # - can't implement a timeout for stop() (unless by using a thread,
+    #   which sucks)
+    # - would require adding ServiceAlreadyStarted and
+    #   ServiceAlreadyStopped exceptions, adding two new APIs.
+    # - we might also want to have modify(), which would basically mean
+    #   rewriting win32serviceutil.ChangeServiceConfig, which involves a
+    #   lot of stuff (and API constants which would pollute the API), see:
+    #   http://pyxr.sourceforge.net/PyXR/c/python24/lib/site-packages/
+    #       win32/lib/win32serviceutil.py.html#0175
+    # - psutil is typically about "read only" monitoring stuff;
+    #   win_service_* APIs should only be used to retrieve a service and
+    #   check whether it's running
+
+    # def start(self, timeout=None):
+    #     with self._wrap_exceptions():
+    #         cext.winservice_start(self.name())
+    #         if timeout:
+    #             giveup_at = time.time() + timeout
+    #             while True:
+    #                 if self.status() == "running":
+    #                     return
+    #                 else:
+    #                     if time.time() > giveup_at:
+    #                         raise TimeoutExpired(timeout)
+    #                     else:
+    #                         time.sleep(.1)
+
+    # def stop(self):
+    #     # Note: timeout is not implemented because it's just not
+    #     # possible, see:
+    #     # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11973228/
+    #     with self._wrap_exceptions():
+    #         return cext.winservice_stop(self.name())
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- processes
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+pids = cext.pids
+pid_exists = cext.pid_exists
+ppid_map = cext.ppid_map  # used internally by Process.children()
+
+
+def is_permission_err(exc):
+    """Return True if this is a permission error."""
+    assert isinstance(exc, OSError), exc
+    if exc.errno in {errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES}:
+        return True
+    # On Python 2 OSError doesn't always have 'winerror'. Sometimes
+    # it does, in which case the original exception was WindowsError
+    # (which is a subclass of OSError).
+    return getattr(exc, "winerror", -1) in {
+        cext.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED,
+        cext.ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD,
+    }
+
+
+def convert_oserror(exc, pid=None, name=None):
+    """Convert OSError into NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied."""
+    assert isinstance(exc, OSError), exc
+    if is_permission_err(exc):
+        return AccessDenied(pid=pid, name=name)
+    if exc.errno == errno.ESRCH:
+        return NoSuchProcess(pid=pid, name=name)
+    raise exc
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(fun):
+    """Decorator which converts OSError into NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except OSError as err:
+            raise convert_oserror(err, pid=self.pid, name=self._name)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def retry_error_partial_copy(fun):
+    """Workaround for https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/875.
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4457745#4457745.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        delay = 0.0001
+        times = 33
+        for _ in range(times):  # retries for roughly 1 second
+            try:
+                return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            except WindowsError as _:
+                err = _
+                if err.winerror == ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY:
+                    time.sleep(delay)
+                    delay = min(delay * 2, 0.04)
+                    continue
+                raise
+        msg = (
+            "{} retried {} times, converted to AccessDenied as it's still"
+            "returning {}".format(fun, times, err)
+        )
+        raise AccessDenied(pid=self.pid, name=self._name, msg=msg)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Process:
+    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_cache", "_name", "_ppid", "pid"]
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        self.pid = pid
+        self._name = None
+        self._ppid = None
+
+    # --- oneshot() stuff
+
+    def oneshot_enter(self):
+        self._proc_info.cache_activate(self)
+        self.exe.cache_activate(self)
+
+    def oneshot_exit(self):
+        self._proc_info.cache_deactivate(self)
+        self.exe.cache_deactivate(self)
+
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def _proc_info(self):
+        """Return multiple information about this process as a
+        raw tuple.
+        """
+        ret = cext.proc_info(self.pid)
+        assert len(ret) == len(pinfo_map)
+        return ret
+
+    def name(self):
+        """Return process name, which on Windows is always the final
+        part of the executable.
+        """
+        # This is how PIDs 0 and 4 are always represented in taskmgr
+        # and process-hacker.
+        if self.pid == 0:
+            return "System Idle Process"
+        if self.pid == 4:
+            return "System"
+        return os.path.basename(self.exe())
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @memoize_when_activated
+    def exe(self):
+        if PYPY:
+            try:
+                exe = cext.proc_exe(self.pid)
+            except WindowsError as err:
+                # 24 = ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES. Not sure why this happens
+                # (perhaps PyPy's JIT delaying garbage collection of files?).
+                if err.errno == 24:
+                    debug("%r translated into AccessDenied" % err)
+                    raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+                raise
+        else:
+            exe = cext.proc_exe(self.pid)
+        if not PY3:
+            exe = py2_strencode(exe)
+        if exe.startswith('\\'):
+            return convert_dos_path(exe)
+        return exe  # May be "Registry", "MemCompression", ...
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @retry_error_partial_copy
+    def cmdline(self):
+        if cext.WINVER >= cext.WINDOWS_8_1:
+            # PEB method detects cmdline changes but requires more
+            # privileges: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1398
+            try:
+                ret = cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid, use_peb=True)
+            except OSError as err:
+                if is_permission_err(err):
+                    ret = cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid, use_peb=False)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        else:
+            ret = cext.proc_cmdline(self.pid, use_peb=True)
+        if PY3:
+            return ret
+        else:
+            return [py2_strencode(s) for s in ret]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @retry_error_partial_copy
+    def environ(self):
+        ustr = cext.proc_environ(self.pid)
+        if ustr and not PY3:
+            assert isinstance(ustr, unicode), type(ustr)
+        return parse_environ_block(py2_strencode(ustr))
+
+    def ppid(self):
+        try:
+            return ppid_map()[self.pid]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
+
+    def _get_raw_meminfo(self):
+        try:
+            return cext.proc_memory_info(self.pid)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if is_permission_err(err):
+                # TODO: the C ext can probably be refactored in order
+                # to get this from cext.proc_info()
+                debug("attempting memory_info() fallback (slower)")
+                info = self._proc_info()
+                return (
+                    info[pinfo_map['num_page_faults']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['peak_wset']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['wset']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['peak_paged_pool']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['paged_pool']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['peak_non_paged_pool']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['non_paged_pool']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['pagefile']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['peak_pagefile']],
+                    info[pinfo_map['mem_private']],
+                )
+            raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_info(self):
+        # on Windows RSS == WorkingSetSize and VSM == PagefileUsage.
+        # Underlying C function returns fields of PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS
+        # struct.
+        t = self._get_raw_meminfo()
+        rss = t[2]  # wset
+        vms = t[7]  # pagefile
+        return pmem(*(rss, vms) + t)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def memory_full_info(self):
+        basic_mem = self.memory_info()
+        uss = cext.proc_memory_uss(self.pid)
+        uss *= getpagesize()
+        return pfullmem(*basic_mem + (uss,))
+
+    def memory_maps(self):
+        try:
+            raw = cext.proc_memory_maps(self.pid)
+        except OSError as err:
+            # XXX - can't use wrap_exceptions decorator as we're
+            # returning a generator; probably needs refactoring.
+            raise convert_oserror(err, self.pid, self._name)
+        else:
+            for addr, perm, path, rss in raw:
+                path = convert_dos_path(path)
+                if not PY3:
+                    path = py2_strencode(path)
+                addr = hex(addr)
+                yield (addr, perm, path, rss)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def kill(self):
+        return cext.proc_kill(self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def send_signal(self, sig):
+        if sig == signal.SIGTERM:
+            cext.proc_kill(self.pid)
+        # py >= 2.7
+        elif sig in {
+            getattr(signal, "CTRL_C_EVENT", object()),
+            getattr(signal, "CTRL_BREAK_EVENT", object()),
+        }:
+            os.kill(self.pid, sig)
+        else:
+            msg = (
+                "only SIGTERM, CTRL_C_EVENT and CTRL_BREAK_EVENT signals "
+                "are supported on Windows"
+            )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        if timeout is None:
+            cext_timeout = cext.INFINITE
+        else:
+            # WaitForSingleObject() expects time in milliseconds.
+            cext_timeout = int(timeout * 1000)
+
+        timer = getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time)
+        stop_at = timer() + timeout if timeout is not None else None
+
+        try:
+            # Exit code is supposed to come from GetExitCodeProcess().
+            # May also be None if OpenProcess() failed with
+            # ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, meaning PID is already gone.
+            exit_code = cext.proc_wait(self.pid, cext_timeout)
+        except cext.TimeoutExpired:
+            # WaitForSingleObject() returned WAIT_TIMEOUT. Just raise.
+            raise TimeoutExpired(timeout, self.pid, self._name)
+        except cext.TimeoutAbandoned:
+            # WaitForSingleObject() returned WAIT_ABANDONED, see:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1224
+            # We'll just rely on the internal polling and return None
+            # when the PID disappears. Subprocess module does the same
+            # (return None):
+            # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/
+            #     be50a7b627d0aa37e08fa8e2d5568891f19903ce/
+            #     Lib/subprocess.py#L1193-L1194
+            exit_code = None
+
+        # At this point WaitForSingleObject() returned WAIT_OBJECT_0,
+        # meaning the process is gone. Stupidly there are cases where
+        # its PID may still stick around so we do a further internal
+        # polling.
+        delay = 0.0001
+        while True:
+            if not pid_exists(self.pid):
+                return exit_code
+            if stop_at and timer() >= stop_at:
+                raise TimeoutExpired(timeout, pid=self.pid, name=self._name)
+            time.sleep(delay)
+            delay = min(delay * 2, 0.04)  # incremental delay
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def username(self):
+        if self.pid in {0, 4}:
+            return 'NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM'
+        domain, user = cext.proc_username(self.pid)
+        return py2_strencode(domain) + '\\' + py2_strencode(user)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def create_time(self, fast_only=False):
+        # Note: proc_times() not put under oneshot() 'cause create_time()
+        # is already cached by the main Process class.
+        try:
+            _user, _system, created = cext.proc_times(self.pid)
+            return created
+        except OSError as err:
+            if is_permission_err(err):
+                if fast_only:
+                    raise
+                debug("attempting create_time() fallback (slower)")
+                return self._proc_info()[pinfo_map['create_time']]
+            raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_threads(self):
+        return self._proc_info()[pinfo_map['num_threads']]
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def threads(self):
+        rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid)
+        retlist = []
+        for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist:
+            ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime)
+            retlist.append(ntuple)
+        return retlist
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_times(self):
+        try:
+            user, system, _created = cext.proc_times(self.pid)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if not is_permission_err(err):
+                raise
+            debug("attempting cpu_times() fallback (slower)")
+            info = self._proc_info()
+            user = info[pinfo_map['user_time']]
+            system = info[pinfo_map['kernel_time']]
+        # Children user/system times are not retrievable (set to 0).
+        return _common.pcputimes(user, system, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def suspend(self):
+        cext.proc_suspend_or_resume(self.pid, True)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def resume(self):
+        cext.proc_suspend_or_resume(self.pid, False)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    @retry_error_partial_copy
+    def cwd(self):
+        if self.pid in {0, 4}:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        # return a normalized pathname since the native C function appends
+        # "\\" at the and of the path
+        path = cext.proc_cwd(self.pid)
+        return py2_strencode(os.path.normpath(path))
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def open_files(self):
+        if self.pid in {0, 4}:
+            return []
+        ret = set()
+        # Filenames come in in native format like:
+        # "\Device\HarddiskVolume1\Windows\systemew\file.txt"
+        # Convert the first part in the corresponding drive letter
+        # (e.g. "C:\") by using Windows's QueryDosDevice()
+        raw_file_names = cext.proc_open_files(self.pid)
+        for _file in raw_file_names:
+            _file = convert_dos_path(_file)
+            if isfile_strict(_file):
+                if not PY3:
+                    _file = py2_strencode(_file)
+                ntuple = _common.popenfile(_file, -1)
+                ret.add(ntuple)
+        return list(ret)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def net_connections(self, kind='inet'):
+        return net_connections(kind, _pid=self.pid)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_get(self):
+        value = cext.proc_priority_get(self.pid)
+        if enum is not None:
+            value = Priority(value)
+        return value
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def nice_set(self, value):
+        return cext.proc_priority_set(self.pid, value)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ionice_get(self):
+        ret = cext.proc_io_priority_get(self.pid)
+        if enum is not None:
+            ret = IOPriority(ret)
+        return ret
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def ionice_set(self, ioclass, value):
+        if value:
+            msg = "value argument not accepted on Windows"
+            raise TypeError(msg)
+        if ioclass not in {
+            IOPRIO_VERYLOW,
+            IOPRIO_LOW,
+            IOPRIO_NORMAL,
+            IOPRIO_HIGH,
+        }:
+            raise ValueError("%s is not a valid priority" % ioclass)
+        cext.proc_io_priority_set(self.pid, ioclass)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def io_counters(self):
+        try:
+            ret = cext.proc_io_counters(self.pid)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if not is_permission_err(err):
+                raise
+            debug("attempting io_counters() fallback (slower)")
+            info = self._proc_info()
+            ret = (
+                info[pinfo_map['io_rcount']],
+                info[pinfo_map['io_wcount']],
+                info[pinfo_map['io_rbytes']],
+                info[pinfo_map['io_wbytes']],
+                info[pinfo_map['io_count_others']],
+                info[pinfo_map['io_bytes_others']],
+            )
+        return pio(*ret)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def status(self):
+        suspended = cext.proc_is_suspended(self.pid)
+        if suspended:
+            return _common.STATUS_STOPPED
+        else:
+            return _common.STATUS_RUNNING
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_affinity_get(self):
+        def from_bitmask(x):
+            return [i for i in range(64) if (1 << i) & x]
+
+        bitmask = cext.proc_cpu_affinity_get(self.pid)
+        return from_bitmask(bitmask)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cpu_affinity_set(self, value):
+        def to_bitmask(ls):
+            if not ls:
+                raise ValueError("invalid argument %r" % ls)
+            out = 0
+            for b in ls:
+                out |= 2**b
+            return out
+
+        # SetProcessAffinityMask() states that ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
+        # is returned for an invalid CPU but this seems not to be true,
+        # therefore we check CPUs validy beforehand.
+        allcpus = list(range(len(per_cpu_times())))
+        for cpu in value:
+            if cpu not in allcpus:
+                if not isinstance(cpu, (int, long)):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "invalid CPU %r; an integer is required" % cpu
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("invalid CPU %r" % cpu)
+
+        bitmask = to_bitmask(value)
+        cext.proc_cpu_affinity_set(self.pid, bitmask)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_handles(self):
+        try:
+            return cext.proc_num_handles(self.pid)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if is_permission_err(err):
+                debug("attempting num_handles() fallback (slower)")
+                return self._proc_info()[pinfo_map['num_handles']]
+            raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def num_ctx_switches(self):
+        ctx_switches = self._proc_info()[pinfo_map['ctx_switches']]
+        # only voluntary ctx switches are supported
+        return _common.pctxsw(ctx_switches, 0)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2cceeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2113 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Test utilities."""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import atexit
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import os
+import platform
+import random
+import re
+import select
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import signal
+import socket
+import stat
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+import warnings
+from socket import AF_INET
+from socket import AF_INET6
+from socket import SOCK_STREAM
+
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+except ImportError:
+    pytest = None
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._common import bytes2human
+from psutil._common import debug
+from psutil._common import memoize
+from psutil._common import print_color
+from psutil._common import supports_ipv6
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileExistsError
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import range
+from psutil._compat import super
+from psutil._compat import unicode
+from psutil._compat import which
+
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock  # py3
+except ImportError:
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+        import mock  # NOQA - requires "pip install mock"
+
+if PY3:
+    import enum
+else:
+    import unittest2 as unittest
+
+    enum = None
+
+if POSIX:
+    from psutil._psposix import wait_pid
+
+
+# fmt: off
+__all__ = [
+    # constants
+    'APPVEYOR', 'DEVNULL', 'GLOBAL_TIMEOUT', 'TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM', 'NO_RETRIES',
+    'PYPY', 'PYTHON_EXE', 'PYTHON_EXE_ENV', 'ROOT_DIR', 'SCRIPTS_DIR',
+    'TESTFN_PREFIX', 'UNICODE_SUFFIX', 'INVALID_UNICODE_SUFFIX',
+    'CI_TESTING', 'VALID_PROC_STATUSES', 'TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE', 'IS_64BIT',
+    "HAS_CPU_AFFINITY", "HAS_CPU_FREQ", "HAS_ENVIRON", "HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS",
+    "HAS_IONICE", "HAS_MEMORY_MAPS", "HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM", "HAS_RLIMIT",
+    "HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY", "HAS_BATTERY", "HAS_SENSORS_FANS",
+    "HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES", "HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX", "MACOS_11PLUS",
+    "MACOS_12PLUS", "COVERAGE", 'AARCH64', "QEMU_USER", "PYTEST_PARALLEL",
+    # subprocesses
+    'pyrun', 'terminate', 'reap_children', 'spawn_testproc', 'spawn_zombie',
+    'spawn_children_pair',
+    # threads
+    'ThreadTask',
+    # test utils
+    'unittest', 'skip_on_access_denied', 'skip_on_not_implemented',
+    'retry_on_failure', 'TestMemoryLeak', 'PsutilTestCase',
+    'process_namespace', 'system_namespace', 'print_sysinfo',
+    'is_win_secure_system_proc', 'fake_pytest',
+    # fs utils
+    'chdir', 'safe_rmpath', 'create_py_exe', 'create_c_exe', 'get_testfn',
+    # os
+    'get_winver', 'kernel_version',
+    # sync primitives
+    'call_until', 'wait_for_pid', 'wait_for_file',
+    # network
+    'check_net_address', 'filter_proc_net_connections',
+    'get_free_port', 'bind_socket', 'bind_unix_socket', 'tcp_socketpair',
+    'unix_socketpair', 'create_sockets',
+    # compat
+    'reload_module', 'import_module_by_path',
+    # others
+    'warn', 'copyload_shared_lib', 'is_namedtuple',
+]
+# fmt: on
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- constants
+# ===================================================================
+
+# --- platforms
+
+PYPY = '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names
+# whether we're running this test suite on a Continuous Integration service
+APPVEYOR = 'APPVEYOR' in os.environ
+GITHUB_ACTIONS = 'GITHUB_ACTIONS' in os.environ or 'CIBUILDWHEEL' in os.environ
+CI_TESTING = APPVEYOR or GITHUB_ACTIONS
+COVERAGE = 'COVERAGE_RUN' in os.environ
+PYTEST_PARALLEL = "PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER" in os.environ  # `make test-parallel`
+if LINUX and GITHUB_ACTIONS:
+    with open('/proc/1/cmdline') as f:
+        QEMU_USER = "/bin/qemu-" in f.read()
+else:
+    QEMU_USER = False
+# are we a 64 bit process?
+IS_64BIT = sys.maxsize > 2**32
+AARCH64 = platform.machine() == "aarch64"
+
+
+@memoize
+def macos_version():
+    version_str = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+    version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
+    if version == (10, 16):
+        # When built against an older macOS SDK, Python will report
+        # macOS 10.16 instead of the real version.
+        version_str = subprocess.check_output(
+            [
+                sys.executable,
+                "-sS",
+                "-c",
+                "import platform; print(platform.mac_ver()[0])",
+            ],
+            env={"SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT": "0"},
+            universal_newlines=True,
+        )
+        version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
+    return version
+
+
+if MACOS:
+    MACOS_11PLUS = macos_version() > (10, 15)
+    MACOS_12PLUS = macos_version() >= (12, 0)
+else:
+    MACOS_11PLUS = False
+    MACOS_12PLUS = False
+
+
+# --- configurable defaults
+
+# how many times retry_on_failure() decorator will retry
+NO_RETRIES = 10
+# bytes tolerance for system-wide related tests
+TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM = 5 * 1024 * 1024  # 5MB
+TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE = 10 * 1024 * 1024  # 10MB
+# the timeout used in functions which have to wait
+GLOBAL_TIMEOUT = 5
+# be more tolerant if we're on CI in order to avoid false positives
+if CI_TESTING:
+    NO_RETRIES *= 3
+    GLOBAL_TIMEOUT *= 3
+    TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM *= 4
+    TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE *= 3
+
+# --- file names
+
+# Disambiguate TESTFN for parallel testing.
+if os.name == 'java':
+    # Jython disallows @ in module names
+    TESTFN_PREFIX = '$psutil-%s-' % os.getpid()
+else:
+    TESTFN_PREFIX = '@psutil-%s-' % os.getpid()
+UNICODE_SUFFIX = u"-ƒőő"
+# An invalid unicode string.
+if PY3:
+    INVALID_UNICODE_SUFFIX = b"f\xc0\x80".decode('utf8', 'surrogateescape')
+else:
+    INVALID_UNICODE_SUFFIX = "f\xc0\x80"
+ASCII_FS = sys.getfilesystemencoding().lower() in {'ascii', 'us-ascii'}
+
+# --- paths
+
+ROOT_DIR = os.path.realpath(
+    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..')
+)
+SCRIPTS_DIR = os.environ.get(
+    "PSUTIL_SCRIPTS_DIR", os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'scripts')
+)
+HERE = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+# --- support
+
+HAS_CPU_AFFINITY = hasattr(psutil.Process, "cpu_affinity")
+HAS_CPU_FREQ = hasattr(psutil, "cpu_freq")
+HAS_ENVIRON = hasattr(psutil.Process, "environ")
+HAS_GETLOADAVG = hasattr(psutil, "getloadavg")
+HAS_IONICE = hasattr(psutil.Process, "ionice")
+HAS_MEMORY_MAPS = hasattr(psutil.Process, "memory_maps")
+HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX = POSIX and not SUNOS
+HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS = hasattr(psutil, "net_io_counters")
+HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM = hasattr(psutil.Process, "cpu_num")
+HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS = hasattr(psutil.Process, "io_counters")
+HAS_RLIMIT = hasattr(psutil.Process, "rlimit")
+HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY = hasattr(psutil, "sensors_battery")
+try:
+    HAS_BATTERY = HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY and bool(psutil.sensors_battery())
+except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+    HAS_BATTERY = False
+HAS_SENSORS_FANS = hasattr(psutil, "sensors_fans")
+HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES = hasattr(psutil, "sensors_temperatures")
+HAS_THREADS = hasattr(psutil.Process, "threads")
+SKIP_SYSCONS = (MACOS or AIX) and os.getuid() != 0
+
+# --- misc
+
+
+def _get_py_exe():
+    def attempt(exe):
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(
+                [exe, "-V"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return exe
+
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+
+    # On Windows, starting with python 3.7, virtual environments use a
+    # venv launcher startup process. This does not play well when
+    # counting spawned processes, or when relying on the PID of the
+    # spawned process to do some checks, e.g. connections check per PID.
+    # Let's use the base python in this case.
+    base = getattr(sys, "_base_executable", None)
+    if WINDOWS and sys.version_info >= (3, 7) and base is not None:
+        # We need to set __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ to sys.executable for the
+        # base python executable to know about the environment.
+        env["__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"] = sys.executable
+        return base, env
+    elif GITHUB_ACTIONS:
+        return sys.executable, env
+    elif MACOS:
+        exe = (
+            attempt(sys.executable)
+            or attempt(os.path.realpath(sys.executable))
+            or attempt(which("python%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:2]))
+            or attempt(psutil.Process().exe())
+        )
+        if not exe:
+            raise ValueError("can't find python exe real abspath")
+        return exe, env
+    else:
+        exe = os.path.realpath(sys.executable)
+        assert os.path.exists(exe), exe
+        return exe, env
+
+
+PYTHON_EXE, PYTHON_EXE_ENV = _get_py_exe()
+DEVNULL = open(os.devnull, 'r+')
+atexit.register(DEVNULL.close)
+
+VALID_PROC_STATUSES = [
+    getattr(psutil, x) for x in dir(psutil) if x.startswith('STATUS_')
+]
+AF_UNIX = getattr(socket, "AF_UNIX", object())
+
+_subprocesses_started = set()
+_pids_started = set()
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- threads
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class ThreadTask(threading.Thread):
+    """A thread task which does nothing expect staying alive."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._running = False
+        self._interval = 0.001
+        self._flag = threading.Event()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return '<%s running=%s at %#x>' % (name, self._running, id(self))
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.stop()
+
+    def start(self):
+        """Start thread and keep it running until an explicit
+        stop() request. Polls for shutdown every 'timeout' seconds.
+        """
+        if self._running:
+            raise ValueError("already started")
+        threading.Thread.start(self)
+        self._flag.wait()
+
+    def run(self):
+        self._running = True
+        self._flag.set()
+        while self._running:
+            time.sleep(self._interval)
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop thread execution and and waits until it is stopped."""
+        if not self._running:
+            raise ValueError("already stopped")
+        self._running = False
+        self.join()
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- subprocesses
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+def _reap_children_on_err(fun):
+    @functools.wraps(fun)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return fun(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            reap_children()
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@_reap_children_on_err
+def spawn_testproc(cmd=None, **kwds):
+    """Create a python subprocess which does nothing for some secs and
+    return it as a subprocess.Popen instance.
+    If "cmd" is specified that is used instead of python.
+    By default stdin and stdout are redirected to /dev/null.
+    It also attempts to make sure the process is in a reasonably
+    initialized state.
+    The process is registered for cleanup on reap_children().
+    """
+    kwds.setdefault("stdin", DEVNULL)
+    kwds.setdefault("stdout", DEVNULL)
+    kwds.setdefault("cwd", os.getcwd())
+    kwds.setdefault("env", PYTHON_EXE_ENV)
+    if WINDOWS:
+        # Prevents the subprocess to open error dialogs. This will also
+        # cause stderr to be suppressed, which is suboptimal in order
+        # to debug broken tests.
+        CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x8000000
+        kwds.setdefault("creationflags", CREATE_NO_WINDOW)
+    if cmd is None:
+        testfn = get_testfn(dir=os.getcwd())
+        try:
+            safe_rmpath(testfn)
+            pyline = (
+                "import time;"
+                + "open(r'%s', 'w').close();" % testfn
+                + "[time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)];"  # 10 secs
+            )
+            cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, "-c", pyline]
+            sproc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwds)
+            _subprocesses_started.add(sproc)
+            wait_for_file(testfn, delete=True, empty=True)
+        finally:
+            safe_rmpath(testfn)
+    else:
+        sproc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwds)
+        _subprocesses_started.add(sproc)
+        wait_for_pid(sproc.pid)
+    return sproc
+
+
+@_reap_children_on_err
+def spawn_children_pair():
+    """Create a subprocess which creates another one as in:
+    A (us) -> B (child) -> C (grandchild).
+    Return a (child, grandchild) tuple.
+    The 2 processes are fully initialized and will live for 60 secs
+    and are registered for cleanup on reap_children().
+    """
+    tfile = None
+    testfn = get_testfn(dir=os.getcwd())
+    try:
+        s = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import subprocess, os, sys, time
+            s = "import os, time;"
+            s += "f = open('%s', 'w');"
+            s += "f.write(str(os.getpid()));"
+            s += "f.close();"
+            s += "[time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100 * 6)];"
+            p = subprocess.Popen([r'%s', '-c', s])
+            p.wait()
+            """ % (os.path.basename(testfn), PYTHON_EXE))
+        # On Windows if we create a subprocess with CREATE_NO_WINDOW flag
+        # set (which is the default) a "conhost.exe" extra process will be
+        # spawned as a child. We don't want that.
+        if WINDOWS:
+            subp, tfile = pyrun(s, creationflags=0)
+        else:
+            subp, tfile = pyrun(s)
+        child = psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        grandchild_pid = int(wait_for_file(testfn, delete=True, empty=False))
+        _pids_started.add(grandchild_pid)
+        grandchild = psutil.Process(grandchild_pid)
+        return (child, grandchild)
+    finally:
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+        if tfile is not None:
+            safe_rmpath(tfile)
+
+
+def spawn_zombie():
+    """Create a zombie process and return a (parent, zombie) process tuple.
+    In order to kill the zombie parent must be terminate()d first, then
+    zombie must be wait()ed on.
+    """
+    assert psutil.POSIX
+    unix_file = get_testfn()
+    src = textwrap.dedent("""\
+        import os, sys, time, socket, contextlib
+        child_pid = os.fork()
+        if child_pid > 0:
+            time.sleep(3000)
+        else:
+            # this is the zombie process
+            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+            with contextlib.closing(s):
+                s.connect('%s')
+                if sys.version_info < (3, ):
+                    pid = str(os.getpid())
+                else:
+                    pid = bytes(str(os.getpid()), 'ascii')
+                s.sendall(pid)
+        """ % unix_file)
+    tfile = None
+    sock = bind_unix_socket(unix_file)
+    try:
+        sock.settimeout(GLOBAL_TIMEOUT)
+        parent, tfile = pyrun(src)
+        conn, _ = sock.accept()
+        try:
+            select.select([conn.fileno()], [], [], GLOBAL_TIMEOUT)
+            zpid = int(conn.recv(1024))
+            _pids_started.add(zpid)
+            zombie = psutil.Process(zpid)
+            call_until(lambda: zombie.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE)
+            return (parent, zombie)
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+        safe_rmpath(unix_file)
+        if tfile is not None:
+            safe_rmpath(tfile)
+
+
+@_reap_children_on_err
+def pyrun(src, **kwds):
+    """Run python 'src' code string in a separate interpreter.
+    Returns a subprocess.Popen instance and the test file where the source
+    code was written.
+    """
+    kwds.setdefault("stdout", None)
+    kwds.setdefault("stderr", None)
+    srcfile = get_testfn()
+    try:
+        with open(srcfile, "w") as f:
+            f.write(src)
+        subp = spawn_testproc([PYTHON_EXE, f.name], **kwds)
+        wait_for_pid(subp.pid)
+        return (subp, srcfile)
+    except Exception:
+        safe_rmpath(srcfile)
+        raise
+
+
+@_reap_children_on_err
+def sh(cmd, **kwds):
+    """Run cmd in a subprocess and return its output.
+    raises RuntimeError on error.
+    """
+    # Prevents subprocess to open error dialogs in case of error.
+    flags = 0x8000000 if WINDOWS else 0
+    kwds.setdefault("stdout", subprocess.PIPE)
+    kwds.setdefault("stderr", subprocess.PIPE)
+    kwds.setdefault("universal_newlines", True)
+    kwds.setdefault("creationflags", flags)
+    if isinstance(cmd, str):
+        cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwds)
+    _subprocesses_started.add(p)
+    if PY3:
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT)
+    else:
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(stdout + stderr)
+    if stderr:
+        warn(stderr)
+    if stdout.endswith('\n'):
+        stdout = stdout[:-1]
+    return stdout
+
+
+def terminate(proc_or_pid, sig=signal.SIGTERM, wait_timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT):
+    """Terminate a process and wait() for it.
+    Process can be a PID or an instance of psutil.Process(),
+    subprocess.Popen() or psutil.Popen().
+    If it's a subprocess.Popen() or psutil.Popen() instance also closes
+    its stdin / stdout / stderr fds.
+    PID is wait()ed even if the process is already gone (kills zombies).
+    Does nothing if the process does not exist.
+    Return process exit status.
+    """
+
+    def wait(proc, timeout):
+        if isinstance(proc, subprocess.Popen) and not PY3:
+            proc.wait()
+        else:
+            proc.wait(timeout)
+        if WINDOWS and isinstance(proc, subprocess.Popen):
+            # Otherwise PID may still hang around.
+            try:
+                return psutil.Process(proc.pid).wait(timeout)
+            except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+                pass
+
+    def sendsig(proc, sig):
+        # XXX: otherwise the build hangs for some reason.
+        if MACOS and GITHUB_ACTIONS:
+            sig = signal.SIGKILL
+        # If the process received SIGSTOP, SIGCONT is necessary first,
+        # otherwise SIGTERM won't work.
+        if POSIX and sig != signal.SIGKILL:
+            proc.send_signal(signal.SIGCONT)
+        proc.send_signal(sig)
+
+    def term_subprocess_proc(proc, timeout):
+        try:
+            sendsig(proc, sig)
+        except OSError as err:
+            if WINDOWS and err.winerror == 6:  # "invalid handle"
+                pass
+            elif err.errno != errno.ESRCH:
+                raise
+        return wait(proc, timeout)
+
+    def term_psutil_proc(proc, timeout):
+        try:
+            sendsig(proc, sig)
+        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+            pass
+        return wait(proc, timeout)
+
+    def term_pid(pid, timeout):
+        try:
+            proc = psutil.Process(pid)
+        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+            # Needed to kill zombies.
+            if POSIX:
+                return wait_pid(pid, timeout)
+        else:
+            return term_psutil_proc(proc, timeout)
+
+    def flush_popen(proc):
+        if proc.stdout:
+            proc.stdout.close()
+        if proc.stderr:
+            proc.stderr.close()
+        # Flushing a BufferedWriter may raise an error.
+        if proc.stdin:
+            proc.stdin.close()
+
+    p = proc_or_pid
+    try:
+        if isinstance(p, int):
+            return term_pid(p, wait_timeout)
+        elif isinstance(p, (psutil.Process, psutil.Popen)):
+            return term_psutil_proc(p, wait_timeout)
+        elif isinstance(p, subprocess.Popen):
+            return term_subprocess_proc(p, wait_timeout)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("wrong type %r" % p)
+    finally:
+        if isinstance(p, (subprocess.Popen, psutil.Popen)):
+            flush_popen(p)
+        pid = p if isinstance(p, int) else p.pid
+        assert not psutil.pid_exists(pid), pid
+
+
+def reap_children(recursive=False):
+    """Terminate and wait() any subprocess started by this test suite
+    and any children currently running, ensuring that no processes stick
+    around to hog resources.
+    If recursive is True it also tries to terminate and wait()
+    all grandchildren started by this process.
+    """
+    # Get the children here before terminating them, as in case of
+    # recursive=True we don't want to lose the intermediate reference
+    # pointing to the grandchildren.
+    children = psutil.Process().children(recursive=recursive)
+
+    # Terminate subprocess.Popen.
+    while _subprocesses_started:
+        subp = _subprocesses_started.pop()
+        terminate(subp)
+
+    # Collect started pids.
+    while _pids_started:
+        pid = _pids_started.pop()
+        terminate(pid)
+
+    # Terminate children.
+    if children:
+        for p in children:
+            terminate(p, wait_timeout=None)
+        _, alive = psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT)
+        for p in alive:
+            warn("couldn't terminate process %r; attempting kill()" % p)
+            terminate(p, sig=signal.SIGKILL)
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- OS
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+def kernel_version():
+    """Return a tuple such as (2, 6, 36)."""
+    if not POSIX:
+        raise NotImplementedError("not POSIX")
+    s = ""
+    uname = os.uname()[2]
+    for c in uname:
+        if c.isdigit() or c == '.':
+            s += c
+        else:
+            break
+    if not s:
+        raise ValueError("can't parse %r" % uname)
+    minor = 0
+    micro = 0
+    nums = s.split('.')
+    major = int(nums[0])
+    if len(nums) >= 2:
+        minor = int(nums[1])
+    if len(nums) >= 3:
+        micro = int(nums[2])
+    return (major, minor, micro)
+
+
+def get_winver():
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        raise NotImplementedError("not WINDOWS")
+    wv = sys.getwindowsversion()
+    if hasattr(wv, 'service_pack_major'):  # python >= 2.7
+        sp = wv.service_pack_major or 0
+    else:
+        r = re.search(r"\s\d$", wv[4])
+        sp = int(r.group(0)) if r else 0
+    return (wv[0], wv[1], sp)
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- sync primitives
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class retry:
+    """A retry decorator."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception=Exception,
+        timeout=None,
+        retries=None,
+        interval=0.001,
+        logfun=None,
+    ):
+        if timeout and retries:
+            raise ValueError("timeout and retries args are mutually exclusive")
+        self.exception = exception
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.retries = retries
+        self.interval = interval
+        self.logfun = logfun
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.timeout:
+            stop_at = time.time() + self.timeout
+            while time.time() < stop_at:
+                yield
+        elif self.retries:
+            for _ in range(self.retries):
+                yield
+        else:
+            while True:
+                yield
+
+    def sleep(self):
+        if self.interval is not None:
+            time.sleep(self.interval)
+
+    def __call__(self, fun):
+        @functools.wraps(fun)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            exc = None
+            for _ in self:
+                try:
+                    return fun(*args, **kwargs)
+                except self.exception as _:  # NOQA
+                    exc = _
+                    if self.logfun is not None:
+                        self.logfun(exc)
+                    self.sleep()
+                    continue
+            if PY3:
+                raise exc  # noqa: PLE0704
+            else:
+                raise  # noqa: PLE0704
+
+        # This way the user of the decorated function can change config
+        # parameters.
+        wrapper.decorator = self
+        return wrapper
+
+
+@retry(
+    exception=psutil.NoSuchProcess,
+    logfun=None,
+    timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT,
+    interval=0.001,
+)
+def wait_for_pid(pid):
+    """Wait for pid to show up in the process list then return.
+    Used in the test suite to give time the sub process to initialize.
+    """
+    if pid not in psutil.pids():
+        raise psutil.NoSuchProcess(pid)
+    psutil.Process(pid)
+
+
+@retry(
+    exception=(FileNotFoundError, AssertionError),
+    logfun=None,
+    timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT,
+    interval=0.001,
+)
+def wait_for_file(fname, delete=True, empty=False):
+    """Wait for a file to be written on disk with some content."""
+    with open(fname, "rb") as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    if not empty:
+        assert data
+    if delete:
+        safe_rmpath(fname)
+    return data
+
+
+@retry(
+    exception=AssertionError,
+    logfun=None,
+    timeout=GLOBAL_TIMEOUT,
+    interval=0.001,
+)
+def call_until(fun):
+    """Keep calling function until it evaluates to True."""
+    ret = fun()
+    assert ret
+    return ret
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- fs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+def safe_rmpath(path):
+    """Convenience function for removing temporary test files or dirs."""
+
+    def retry_fun(fun):
+        # On Windows it could happen that the file or directory has
+        # open handles or references preventing the delete operation
+        # to succeed immediately, so we retry for a while. See:
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue33240
+        stop_at = time.time() + GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+        while time.time() < stop_at:
+            try:
+                return fun()
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+            except WindowsError as _:
+                err = _
+                warn("ignoring %s" % (str(err)))
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+        raise err
+
+    try:
+        st = os.stat(path)
+        if stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+            fun = functools.partial(shutil.rmtree, path)
+        else:
+            fun = functools.partial(os.remove, path)
+        if POSIX:
+            fun()
+        else:
+            retry_fun(fun)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
+
+
+def safe_mkdir(dir):
+    """Convenience function for creating a directory."""
+    try:
+        os.mkdir(dir)
+    except FileExistsError:
+        pass
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(dirname):
+    """Context manager which temporarily changes the current directory."""
+    curdir = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(dirname)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(curdir)
+
+
+def create_py_exe(path):
+    """Create a Python executable file in the given location."""
+    assert not os.path.exists(path), path
+    atexit.register(safe_rmpath, path)
+    shutil.copyfile(PYTHON_EXE, path)
+    if POSIX:
+        st = os.stat(path)
+        os.chmod(path, st.st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
+    return path
+
+
+def create_c_exe(path, c_code=None):
+    """Create a compiled C executable in the given location."""
+    assert not os.path.exists(path), path
+    if not which("gcc"):
+        raise pytest.skip("gcc is not installed")
+    if c_code is None:
+        c_code = textwrap.dedent("""
+            #include <unistd.h>
+            int main() {
+                pause();
+                return 1;
+            }
+            """)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(c_code, str), c_code
+
+    atexit.register(safe_rmpath, path)
+    with open(get_testfn(suffix='.c'), "w") as f:
+        f.write(c_code)
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_call(["gcc", f.name, "-o", path])
+    finally:
+        safe_rmpath(f.name)
+    return path
+
+
+def get_testfn(suffix="", dir=None):
+    """Return an absolute pathname of a file or dir that did not
+    exist at the time this call is made. Also schedule it for safe
+    deletion at interpreter exit. It's technically racy but probably
+    not really due to the time variant.
+    """
+    while True:
+        name = tempfile.mktemp(prefix=TESTFN_PREFIX, suffix=suffix, dir=dir)
+        if not os.path.exists(name):  # also include dirs
+            path = os.path.realpath(name)  # needed for OSX
+            atexit.register(safe_rmpath, path)
+            return path
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- testing
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class fake_pytest:
+    """A class that mimics some basic pytest APIs. This is meant for
+    when unit tests are run in production, where pytest may not be
+    installed. Still, the user can test psutil installation via:
+
+        $ python3 -m psutil.tests
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def main(*args, **kw):  # noqa ARG004
+        """Mimics pytest.main(). It has the same effect as running
+        `python3 -m unittest -v` from the project root directory.
+        """
+        suite = unittest.TestLoader().discover(HERE)
+        unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Fake pytest module was used. Test results may be inaccurate.",
+            UserWarning,
+            stacklevel=1,
+        )
+        return suite
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def raises(exc, match=None):
+        """Mimics `pytest.raises`."""
+
+        class ExceptionInfo:
+            _exc = None
+
+            @property
+            def value(self):
+                return self._exc
+
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def context(exc, match=None):
+            einfo = ExceptionInfo()
+            try:
+                yield einfo
+            except exc as err:
+                if match and not re.search(match, str(err)):
+                    msg = '"{}" does not match "{}"'.format(match, str(err))
+                    raise AssertionError(msg)
+                einfo._exc = err
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("%r not raised" % exc)
+
+        return context(exc, match=match)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def warns(warning, match=None):
+        """Mimics `pytest.warns`."""
+        if match:
+            return unittest.TestCase().assertWarnsRegex(warning, match)
+        return unittest.TestCase().assertWarns(warning)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def skip(reason=""):
+        """Mimics `unittest.SkipTest`."""
+        raise unittest.SkipTest(reason)
+
+    class mark:
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def skipif(condition, reason=""):
+            """Mimics `@pytest.mark.skipif` decorator."""
+            return unittest.skipIf(condition, reason)
+
+        class xdist_group:
+            """Mimics `@pytest.mark.xdist_group` decorator (no-op)."""
+
+            def __init__(self, name=None):
+                pass
+
+            def __call__(self, cls_or_meth):
+                return cls_or_meth
+
+
+if pytest is None:
+    pytest = fake_pytest
+
+
+class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    # ...otherwise multiprocessing.Pool complains
+    if not PY3:
+
+        def runTest(self):
+            pass
+
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def subTest(self, *args, **kw):
+            # fake it for python 2.7
+            yield
+
+
+# monkey patch default unittest.TestCase
+unittest.TestCase = TestCase
+
+
+class PsutilTestCase(TestCase):
+    """Test class providing auto-cleanup wrappers on top of process
+    test utilities. All test classes should derive from this one, even
+    if we use pytest.
+    """
+
+    def get_testfn(self, suffix="", dir=None):
+        fname = get_testfn(suffix=suffix, dir=dir)
+        self.addCleanup(safe_rmpath, fname)
+        return fname
+
+    def spawn_testproc(self, *args, **kwds):
+        sproc = spawn_testproc(*args, **kwds)
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, sproc)
+        return sproc
+
+    def spawn_children_pair(self):
+        child1, child2 = spawn_children_pair()
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, child2)
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, child1)  # executed first
+        return (child1, child2)
+
+    def spawn_zombie(self):
+        parent, zombie = spawn_zombie()
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, zombie)
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, parent)  # executed first
+        return (parent, zombie)
+
+    def pyrun(self, *args, **kwds):
+        sproc, srcfile = pyrun(*args, **kwds)
+        self.addCleanup(safe_rmpath, srcfile)
+        self.addCleanup(terminate, sproc)  # executed first
+        return sproc
+
+    def _check_proc_exc(self, proc, exc):
+        assert isinstance(exc, psutil.Error)
+        assert exc.pid == proc.pid
+        assert exc.name == proc._name
+        if exc.name:
+            assert exc.name
+        if isinstance(exc, psutil.ZombieProcess):
+            assert exc.ppid == proc._ppid
+            if exc.ppid is not None:
+                assert exc.ppid >= 0
+        str(exc)
+        repr(exc)
+
+    def assertPidGone(self, pid):
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess) as cm:
+            try:
+                psutil.Process(pid)
+            except psutil.ZombieProcess:
+                raise AssertionError("wasn't supposed to raise ZombieProcess")
+        assert cm.value.pid == pid
+        assert cm.value.name is None
+        assert not psutil.pid_exists(pid), pid
+        assert pid not in psutil.pids()
+        assert pid not in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+
+    def assertProcessGone(self, proc):
+        self.assertPidGone(proc.pid)
+        ns = process_namespace(proc)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.all, clear_cache=True):
+            with self.subTest(proc=proc, name=name):
+                try:
+                    ret = fun()
+                except psutil.ZombieProcess:
+                    raise
+                except psutil.NoSuchProcess as exc:
+                    self._check_proc_exc(proc, exc)
+                else:
+                    msg = "Process.%s() didn't raise NSP and returned %r" % (
+                        name,
+                        ret,
+                    )
+                    raise AssertionError(msg)
+        proc.wait(timeout=0)  # assert not raise TimeoutExpired
+
+    def assertProcessZombie(self, proc):
+        # A zombie process should always be instantiable.
+        clone = psutil.Process(proc.pid)
+        # Cloned zombie on Open/NetBSD has null creation time, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2287
+        assert proc == clone
+        if not (OPENBSD or NETBSD):
+            assert hash(proc) == hash(clone)
+        # Its status always be querable.
+        assert proc.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+        # It should be considered 'running'.
+        assert proc.is_running()
+        assert psutil.pid_exists(proc.pid)
+        # as_dict() shouldn't crash.
+        proc.as_dict()
+        # It should show up in pids() and process_iter().
+        assert proc.pid in psutil.pids()
+        assert proc.pid in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        psutil._pmap = {}
+        assert proc.pid in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        # Call all methods.
+        ns = process_namespace(proc)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.all, clear_cache=True):
+            with self.subTest(proc=proc, name=name):
+                try:
+                    fun()
+                except (psutil.ZombieProcess, psutil.AccessDenied) as exc:
+                    self._check_proc_exc(proc, exc)
+        if LINUX:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/2288
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.ZombieProcess) as cm:
+                proc.cmdline()
+            self._check_proc_exc(proc, cm.value)
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.ZombieProcess) as cm:
+                proc.exe()
+            self._check_proc_exc(proc, cm.value)
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.ZombieProcess) as cm:
+                proc.memory_maps()
+            self._check_proc_exc(proc, cm.value)
+        # Zombie cannot be signaled or terminated.
+        proc.suspend()
+        proc.resume()
+        proc.terminate()
+        proc.kill()
+        assert proc.is_running()
+        assert psutil.pid_exists(proc.pid)
+        assert proc.pid in psutil.pids()
+        assert proc.pid in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        psutil._pmap = {}
+        assert proc.pid in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+
+        # Its parent should 'see' it (edit: not true on BSD and MACOS).
+        # descendants = [x.pid for x in psutil.Process().children(
+        #                recursive=True)]
+        # self.assertIn(proc.pid, descendants)
+
+        # __eq__ can't be relied upon because creation time may not be
+        # querable.
+        # self.assertEqual(proc, psutil.Process(proc.pid))
+
+        # XXX should we also assume ppid() to be usable? Note: this
+        # would be an important use case as the only way to get
+        # rid of a zombie is to kill its parent.
+        # self.assertEqual(proc.ppid(), os.getpid())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="unreliable on PYPY")
+class TestMemoryLeak(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Test framework class for detecting function memory leaks,
+    typically functions implemented in C which forgot to free() memory
+    from the heap. It does so by checking whether the process memory
+    usage increased before and after calling the function many times.
+
+    Note that this is hard (probably impossible) to do reliably, due
+    to how the OS handles memory, the GC and so on (memory can even
+    decrease!). In order to avoid false positives, in case of failure
+    (mem > 0) we retry the test for up to 5 times, increasing call
+    repetitions each time. If the memory keeps increasing then it's a
+    failure.
+
+    If available (Linux, OSX, Windows), USS memory is used for comparison,
+    since it's supposed to be more precise, see:
+    https://gmpy.dev/blog/2016/real-process-memory-and-environ-in-python
+    If not, RSS memory is used. mallinfo() on Linux and _heapwalk() on
+    Windows may give even more precision, but at the moment are not
+    implemented.
+
+    PyPy appears to be completely unstable for this framework, probably
+    because of its JIT, so tests on PYPY are skipped.
+
+    Usage:
+
+        class TestLeaks(psutil.tests.TestMemoryLeak):
+
+            def test_fun(self):
+                self.execute(some_function)
+    """
+
+    # Configurable class attrs.
+    times = 200
+    warmup_times = 10
+    tolerance = 0  # memory
+    retries = 10 if CI_TESTING else 5
+    verbose = True
+    _thisproc = psutil.Process()
+    _psutil_debug_orig = bool(os.getenv('PSUTIL_DEBUG'))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        psutil._set_debug(False)  # avoid spamming to stderr
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        psutil._set_debug(cls._psutil_debug_orig)
+
+    def _get_mem(self):
+        # USS is the closest thing we have to "real" memory usage and it
+        # should be less likely to produce false positives.
+        mem = self._thisproc.memory_full_info()
+        return getattr(mem, "uss", mem.rss)
+
+    def _get_num_fds(self):
+        if POSIX:
+            return self._thisproc.num_fds()
+        else:
+            return self._thisproc.num_handles()
+
+    def _log(self, msg):
+        if self.verbose:
+            print_color(msg, color="yellow", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def _check_fds(self, fun):
+        """Makes sure num_fds() (POSIX) or num_handles() (Windows) does
+        not increase after calling a function.  Used to discover forgotten
+        close(2) and CloseHandle syscalls.
+        """
+        before = self._get_num_fds()
+        self.call(fun)
+        after = self._get_num_fds()
+        diff = after - before
+        if diff < 0:
+            raise self.fail(
+                "negative diff %r (gc probably collected a "
+                "resource from a previous test)" % diff
+            )
+        if diff > 0:
+            type_ = "fd" if POSIX else "handle"
+            if diff > 1:
+                type_ += "s"
+            msg = "%s unclosed %s after calling %r" % (diff, type_, fun)
+            raise self.fail(msg)
+
+    def _call_ntimes(self, fun, times):
+        """Get 2 distinct memory samples, before and after having
+        called fun repeatedly, and return the memory difference.
+        """
+        gc.collect(generation=1)
+        mem1 = self._get_mem()
+        for x in range(times):
+            ret = self.call(fun)
+            del x, ret
+        gc.collect(generation=1)
+        mem2 = self._get_mem()
+        assert gc.garbage == []
+        diff = mem2 - mem1  # can also be negative
+        return diff
+
+    def _check_mem(self, fun, times, retries, tolerance):
+        messages = []
+        prev_mem = 0
+        increase = times
+        for idx in range(1, retries + 1):
+            mem = self._call_ntimes(fun, times)
+            msg = "Run #%s: extra-mem=%s, per-call=%s, calls=%s" % (
+                idx,
+                bytes2human(mem),
+                bytes2human(mem / times),
+                times,
+            )
+            messages.append(msg)
+            success = mem <= tolerance or mem <= prev_mem
+            if success:
+                if idx > 1:
+                    self._log(msg)
+                return
+            else:
+                if idx == 1:
+                    print()  # NOQA
+                self._log(msg)
+                times += increase
+                prev_mem = mem
+        raise self.fail(". ".join(messages))
+
+    # ---
+
+    def call(self, fun):
+        return fun()
+
+    def execute(
+        self, fun, times=None, warmup_times=None, retries=None, tolerance=None
+    ):
+        """Test a callable."""
+        times = times if times is not None else self.times
+        warmup_times = (
+            warmup_times if warmup_times is not None else self.warmup_times
+        )
+        retries = retries if retries is not None else self.retries
+        tolerance = tolerance if tolerance is not None else self.tolerance
+        try:
+            assert times >= 1, "times must be >= 1"
+            assert warmup_times >= 0, "warmup_times must be >= 0"
+            assert retries >= 0, "retries must be >= 0"
+            assert tolerance >= 0, "tolerance must be >= 0"
+        except AssertionError as err:
+            raise ValueError(str(err))
+
+        self._call_ntimes(fun, warmup_times)  # warm up
+        self._check_fds(fun)
+        self._check_mem(fun, times=times, retries=retries, tolerance=tolerance)
+
+    def execute_w_exc(self, exc, fun, **kwargs):
+        """Convenience method to test a callable while making sure it
+        raises an exception on every call.
+        """
+
+        def call():
+            self.assertRaises(exc, fun)
+
+        self.execute(call, **kwargs)
+
+
+def print_sysinfo():
+    import collections
+    import datetime
+    import getpass
+    import locale
+    import pprint
+
+    try:
+        import pip
+    except ImportError:
+        pip = None
+    try:
+        import wheel
+    except ImportError:
+        wheel = None
+
+    info = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    # OS
+    if psutil.LINUX and which('lsb_release'):
+        info['OS'] = sh('lsb_release -d -s')
+    elif psutil.OSX:
+        info['OS'] = 'Darwin %s' % platform.mac_ver()[0]
+    elif psutil.WINDOWS:
+        info['OS'] = "Windows " + ' '.join(map(str, platform.win32_ver()))
+        if hasattr(platform, 'win32_edition'):
+            info['OS'] += ", " + platform.win32_edition()
+    else:
+        info['OS'] = "%s %s" % (platform.system(), platform.version())
+    info['arch'] = ', '.join(
+        list(platform.architecture()) + [platform.machine()]
+    )
+    if psutil.POSIX:
+        info['kernel'] = platform.uname()[2]
+
+    # python
+    info['python'] = ', '.join([
+        platform.python_implementation(),
+        platform.python_version(),
+        platform.python_compiler(),
+    ])
+    info['pip'] = getattr(pip, '__version__', 'not installed')
+    if wheel is not None:
+        info['pip'] += " (wheel=%s)" % wheel.__version__
+
+    # UNIX
+    if psutil.POSIX:
+        if which('gcc'):
+            out = sh(['gcc', '--version'])
+            info['gcc'] = str(out).split('\n')[0]
+        else:
+            info['gcc'] = 'not installed'
+        s = platform.libc_ver()[1]
+        if s:
+            info['glibc'] = s
+
+    # system
+    info['fs-encoding'] = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+    lang = locale.getlocale()
+    info['lang'] = '%s, %s' % (lang[0], lang[1])
+    info['boot-time'] = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+        psutil.boot_time()
+    ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+    info['time'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+    info['user'] = getpass.getuser()
+    info['home'] = os.path.expanduser("~")
+    info['cwd'] = os.getcwd()
+    info['pyexe'] = PYTHON_EXE
+    info['hostname'] = platform.node()
+    info['PID'] = os.getpid()
+
+    # metrics
+    info['cpus'] = psutil.cpu_count()
+    info['loadavg'] = "%.1f%%, %.1f%%, %.1f%%" % (
+        tuple([x / psutil.cpu_count() * 100 for x in psutil.getloadavg()])
+    )
+    mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
+    info['memory'] = "%s%%, used=%s, total=%s" % (
+        int(mem.percent),
+        bytes2human(mem.used),
+        bytes2human(mem.total),
+    )
+    swap = psutil.swap_memory()
+    info['swap'] = "%s%%, used=%s, total=%s" % (
+        int(swap.percent),
+        bytes2human(swap.used),
+        bytes2human(swap.total),
+    )
+    info['pids'] = len(psutil.pids())
+    pinfo = psutil.Process().as_dict()
+    pinfo.pop('memory_maps', None)
+    info['proc'] = pprint.pformat(pinfo)
+
+    print("=" * 70, file=sys.stderr)  # NOQA
+    for k, v in info.items():
+        print("%-17s %s" % (k + ':', v), file=sys.stderr)  # NOQA
+    print("=" * 70, file=sys.stderr)  # NOQA
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    # if WINDOWS:
+    #     os.system("tasklist")
+    # elif which("ps"):
+    #     os.system("ps aux")
+    # print("=" * 70, file=sys.stderr)  # NOQA
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def is_win_secure_system_proc(pid):
+    # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2338
+    @memoize
+    def get_procs():
+        ret = {}
+        out = sh("tasklist.exe /NH /FO csv")
+        for line in out.splitlines()[1:]:
+            bits = [x.replace('"', "") for x in line.split(",")]
+            name, pid = bits[0], int(bits[1])
+            ret[pid] = name
+        return ret
+
+    try:
+        return get_procs()[pid] == "Secure System"
+    except KeyError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _get_eligible_cpu():
+    p = psutil.Process()
+    if hasattr(p, "cpu_num"):
+        return p.cpu_num()
+    elif hasattr(p, "cpu_affinity"):
+        return random.choice(p.cpu_affinity())
+    return 0
+
+
+class process_namespace:
+    """A container that lists all Process class method names + some
+    reasonable parameters to be called with. Utility methods (parent(),
+    children(), ...) are excluded.
+
+    >>> ns = process_namespace(psutil.Process())
+    >>> for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.getters):
+    ...    fun()
+    """
+
+    utils = [('cpu_percent', (), {}), ('memory_percent', (), {})]
+
+    ignored = [
+        ('as_dict', (), {}),
+        ('children', (), {'recursive': True}),
+        ('connections', (), {}),  # deprecated
+        ('is_running', (), {}),
+        ('memory_info_ex', (), {}),  # deprecated
+        ('oneshot', (), {}),
+        ('parent', (), {}),
+        ('parents', (), {}),
+        ('pid', (), {}),
+        ('wait', (0,), {}),
+    ]
+
+    getters = [
+        ('cmdline', (), {}),
+        ('cpu_times', (), {}),
+        ('create_time', (), {}),
+        ('cwd', (), {}),
+        ('exe', (), {}),
+        ('memory_full_info', (), {}),
+        ('memory_info', (), {}),
+        ('name', (), {}),
+        ('net_connections', (), {'kind': 'all'}),
+        ('nice', (), {}),
+        ('num_ctx_switches', (), {}),
+        ('num_threads', (), {}),
+        ('open_files', (), {}),
+        ('ppid', (), {}),
+        ('status', (), {}),
+        ('threads', (), {}),
+        ('username', (), {}),
+    ]
+    if POSIX:
+        getters += [('uids', (), {})]
+        getters += [('gids', (), {})]
+        getters += [('terminal', (), {})]
+        getters += [('num_fds', (), {})]
+    if HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS:
+        getters += [('io_counters', (), {})]
+    if HAS_IONICE:
+        getters += [('ionice', (), {})]
+    if HAS_RLIMIT:
+        getters += [('rlimit', (psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE,), {})]
+    if HAS_CPU_AFFINITY:
+        getters += [('cpu_affinity', (), {})]
+    if HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM:
+        getters += [('cpu_num', (), {})]
+    if HAS_ENVIRON:
+        getters += [('environ', (), {})]
+    if WINDOWS:
+        getters += [('num_handles', (), {})]
+    if HAS_MEMORY_MAPS:
+        getters += [('memory_maps', (), {'grouped': False})]
+
+    setters = []
+    if POSIX:
+        setters += [('nice', (0,), {})]
+    else:
+        setters += [('nice', (psutil.NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,), {})]
+    if HAS_RLIMIT:
+        setters += [('rlimit', (psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (1024, 4096)), {})]
+    if HAS_IONICE:
+        if LINUX:
+            setters += [('ionice', (psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE, 0), {})]
+        else:
+            setters += [('ionice', (psutil.IOPRIO_NORMAL,), {})]
+    if HAS_CPU_AFFINITY:
+        setters += [('cpu_affinity', ([_get_eligible_cpu()],), {})]
+
+    killers = [
+        ('send_signal', (signal.SIGTERM,), {}),
+        ('suspend', (), {}),
+        ('resume', (), {}),
+        ('terminate', (), {}),
+        ('kill', (), {}),
+    ]
+    if WINDOWS:
+        killers += [('send_signal', (signal.CTRL_C_EVENT,), {})]
+        killers += [('send_signal', (signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT,), {})]
+
+    all = utils + getters + setters + killers
+
+    def __init__(self, proc):
+        self._proc = proc
+
+    def iter(self, ls, clear_cache=True):
+        """Given a list of tuples yields a set of (fun, fun_name) tuples
+        in random order.
+        """
+        ls = list(ls)
+        random.shuffle(ls)
+        for fun_name, args, kwds in ls:
+            if clear_cache:
+                self.clear_cache()
+            fun = getattr(self._proc, fun_name)
+            fun = functools.partial(fun, *args, **kwds)
+            yield (fun, fun_name)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """Clear the cache of a Process instance."""
+        self._proc._init(self._proc.pid, _ignore_nsp=True)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def test_class_coverage(cls, test_class, ls):
+        """Given a TestCase instance and a list of tuples checks that
+        the class defines the required test method names.
+        """
+        for fun_name, _, _ in ls:
+            meth_name = 'test_' + fun_name
+            if not hasattr(test_class, meth_name):
+                msg = "%r class should define a '%s' method" % (
+                    test_class.__class__.__name__,
+                    meth_name,
+                )
+                raise AttributeError(msg)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def test(cls):
+        this = set([x[0] for x in cls.all])
+        ignored = set([x[0] for x in cls.ignored])
+        klass = set([x for x in dir(psutil.Process) if x[0] != '_'])
+        leftout = (this | ignored) ^ klass
+        if leftout:
+            raise ValueError("uncovered Process class names: %r" % leftout)
+
+
+class system_namespace:
+    """A container that lists all the module-level, system-related APIs.
+    Utilities such as cpu_percent() are excluded. Usage:
+
+    >>> ns = system_namespace
+    >>> for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.getters):
+    ...    fun()
+    """
+
+    getters = [
+        ('boot_time', (), {}),
+        ('cpu_count', (), {'logical': False}),
+        ('cpu_count', (), {'logical': True}),
+        ('cpu_stats', (), {}),
+        ('cpu_times', (), {'percpu': False}),
+        ('cpu_times', (), {'percpu': True}),
+        ('disk_io_counters', (), {'perdisk': True}),
+        ('disk_partitions', (), {'all': True}),
+        ('disk_usage', (os.getcwd(),), {}),
+        ('net_connections', (), {'kind': 'all'}),
+        ('net_if_addrs', (), {}),
+        ('net_if_stats', (), {}),
+        ('net_io_counters', (), {'pernic': True}),
+        ('pid_exists', (os.getpid(),), {}),
+        ('pids', (), {}),
+        ('swap_memory', (), {}),
+        ('users', (), {}),
+        ('virtual_memory', (), {}),
+    ]
+    if HAS_CPU_FREQ:
+        if MACOS and platform.machine() == 'arm64':  # skipped due to #1892
+            pass
+        else:
+            getters += [('cpu_freq', (), {'percpu': True})]
+    if HAS_GETLOADAVG:
+        getters += [('getloadavg', (), {})]
+    if HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES:
+        getters += [('sensors_temperatures', (), {})]
+    if HAS_SENSORS_FANS:
+        getters += [('sensors_fans', (), {})]
+    if HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY:
+        getters += [('sensors_battery', (), {})]
+    if WINDOWS:
+        getters += [('win_service_iter', (), {})]
+        getters += [('win_service_get', ('alg',), {})]
+
+    ignored = [
+        ('process_iter', (), {}),
+        ('wait_procs', ([psutil.Process()],), {}),
+        ('cpu_percent', (), {}),
+        ('cpu_times_percent', (), {}),
+    ]
+
+    all = getters
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def iter(ls):
+        """Given a list of tuples yields a set of (fun, fun_name) tuples
+        in random order.
+        """
+        ls = list(ls)
+        random.shuffle(ls)
+        for fun_name, args, kwds in ls:
+            fun = getattr(psutil, fun_name)
+            fun = functools.partial(fun, *args, **kwds)
+            yield (fun, fun_name)
+
+    test_class_coverage = process_namespace.test_class_coverage
+
+
+def retry_on_failure(retries=NO_RETRIES):
+    """Decorator which runs a test function and retries N times before
+    actually failing.
+    """
+
+    def logfun(exc):
+        print("%r, retrying" % exc, file=sys.stderr)  # NOQA
+
+    return retry(
+        exception=AssertionError, timeout=None, retries=retries, logfun=logfun
+    )
+
+
+def skip_on_access_denied(only_if=None):
+    """Decorator to Ignore AccessDenied exceptions."""
+
+    def decorator(fun):
+        @functools.wraps(fun)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            try:
+                return fun(*args, **kwargs)
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                if only_if is not None:
+                    if not only_if:
+                        raise
+                raise pytest.skip("raises AccessDenied")
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def skip_on_not_implemented(only_if=None):
+    """Decorator to Ignore NotImplementedError exceptions."""
+
+    def decorator(fun):
+        @functools.wraps(fun)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            try:
+                return fun(*args, **kwargs)
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                if only_if is not None:
+                    if not only_if:
+                        raise
+                msg = (
+                    "%r was skipped because it raised NotImplementedError"
+                    % fun.__name__
+                )
+                raise pytest.skip(msg)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- network
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+# XXX: no longer used
+def get_free_port(host='127.0.0.1'):
+    """Return an unused TCP port. Subject to race conditions."""
+    with contextlib.closing(socket.socket()) as sock:
+        sock.bind((host, 0))
+        return sock.getsockname()[1]
+
+
+def bind_socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, addr=None):
+    """Binds a generic socket."""
+    if addr is None and family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}:
+        addr = ("", 0)
+    sock = socket.socket(family, type)
+    try:
+        if os.name not in {'nt', 'cygwin'}:
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        sock.bind(addr)
+        if type == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+            sock.listen(5)
+        return sock
+    except Exception:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+
+
+def bind_unix_socket(name, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+    """Bind a UNIX socket."""
+    assert psutil.POSIX
+    assert not os.path.exists(name), name
+    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, type)
+    try:
+        sock.bind(name)
+        if type == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+            sock.listen(5)
+    except Exception:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+    return sock
+
+
+def tcp_socketpair(family, addr=("", 0)):
+    """Build a pair of TCP sockets connected to each other.
+    Return a (server, client) tuple.
+    """
+    with contextlib.closing(socket.socket(family, SOCK_STREAM)) as ll:
+        ll.bind(addr)
+        ll.listen(5)
+        addr = ll.getsockname()
+        c = socket.socket(family, SOCK_STREAM)
+        try:
+            c.connect(addr)
+            caddr = c.getsockname()
+            while True:
+                a, addr = ll.accept()
+                # check that we've got the correct client
+                if addr == caddr:
+                    return (a, c)
+                a.close()
+        except OSError:
+            c.close()
+            raise
+
+
+def unix_socketpair(name):
+    """Build a pair of UNIX sockets connected to each other through
+    the same UNIX file name.
+    Return a (server, client) tuple.
+    """
+    assert psutil.POSIX
+    server = client = None
+    try:
+        server = bind_unix_socket(name, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        server.setblocking(0)
+        client = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        client.setblocking(0)
+        client.connect(name)
+        # new = server.accept()
+    except Exception:
+        if server is not None:
+            server.close()
+        if client is not None:
+            client.close()
+        raise
+    return (server, client)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def create_sockets():
+    """Open as many socket families / types as possible."""
+    socks = []
+    fname1 = fname2 = None
+    try:
+        socks.append(bind_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))
+        socks.append(bind_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM))
+        if supports_ipv6():
+            socks.append(bind_socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM))
+            socks.append(bind_socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_DGRAM))
+        if POSIX and HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+            fname1 = get_testfn()
+            fname2 = get_testfn()
+            s1, s2 = unix_socketpair(fname1)
+            s3 = bind_unix_socket(fname2, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+            for s in (s1, s2, s3):
+                socks.append(s)
+        yield socks
+    finally:
+        for s in socks:
+            s.close()
+        for fname in (fname1, fname2):
+            if fname is not None:
+                safe_rmpath(fname)
+
+
+def check_net_address(addr, family):
+    """Check a net address validity. Supported families are IPv4,
+    IPv6 and MAC addresses.
+    """
+    import ipaddress  # python >= 3.3 / requires "pip install ipaddress"
+
+    if enum and PY3 and not PYPY:
+        assert isinstance(family, enum.IntEnum), family
+    if family == socket.AF_INET:
+        octs = [int(x) for x in addr.split('.')]
+        assert len(octs) == 4, addr
+        for num in octs:
+            assert 0 <= num <= 255, addr
+        if not PY3:
+            addr = unicode(addr)
+        ipaddress.IPv4Address(addr)
+    elif family == socket.AF_INET6:
+        assert isinstance(addr, str), addr
+        if not PY3:
+            addr = unicode(addr)
+        ipaddress.IPv6Address(addr)
+    elif family == psutil.AF_LINK:
+        assert re.match(r'([a-fA-F0-9]{2}[:|\-]?){6}', addr) is not None, addr
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown family %r" % family)
+
+
+def check_connection_ntuple(conn):
+    """Check validity of a connection namedtuple."""
+
+    def check_ntuple(conn):
+        has_pid = len(conn) == 7
+        assert len(conn) in {6, 7}, len(conn)
+        assert conn[0] == conn.fd, conn.fd
+        assert conn[1] == conn.family, conn.family
+        assert conn[2] == conn.type, conn.type
+        assert conn[3] == conn.laddr, conn.laddr
+        assert conn[4] == conn.raddr, conn.raddr
+        assert conn[5] == conn.status, conn.status
+        if has_pid:
+            assert conn[6] == conn.pid, conn.pid
+
+    def check_family(conn):
+        assert conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX}, conn.family
+        if enum is not None:
+            assert isinstance(conn.family, enum.IntEnum), conn
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(conn.family, int), conn
+        if conn.family == AF_INET:
+            # actually try to bind the local socket; ignore IPv6
+            # sockets as their address might be represented as
+            # an IPv4-mapped-address (e.g. "::127.0.0.1")
+            # and that's rejected by bind()
+            s = socket.socket(conn.family, conn.type)
+            with contextlib.closing(s):
+                try:
+                    s.bind((conn.laddr[0], 0))
+                except socket.error as err:
+                    if err.errno != errno.EADDRNOTAVAIL:
+                        raise
+        elif conn.family == AF_UNIX:
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE, conn.status
+
+    def check_type(conn):
+        # SOCK_SEQPACKET may happen in case of AF_UNIX socks
+        SOCK_SEQPACKET = getattr(socket, "SOCK_SEQPACKET", object())
+        assert conn.type in {
+            socket.SOCK_STREAM,
+            socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            SOCK_SEQPACKET,
+        }, conn.type
+        if enum is not None:
+            assert isinstance(conn.type, enum.IntEnum), conn
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(conn.type, int), conn
+        if conn.type == socket.SOCK_DGRAM:
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE, conn.status
+
+    def check_addrs(conn):
+        # check IP address and port sanity
+        for addr in (conn.laddr, conn.raddr):
+            if conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}:
+                assert isinstance(addr, tuple), type(addr)
+                if not addr:
+                    continue
+                assert isinstance(addr.port, int), type(addr.port)
+                assert 0 <= addr.port <= 65535, addr.port
+                check_net_address(addr.ip, conn.family)
+            elif conn.family == AF_UNIX:
+                assert isinstance(addr, str), type(addr)
+
+    def check_status(conn):
+        assert isinstance(conn.status, str), conn.status
+        valids = [
+            getattr(psutil, x) for x in dir(psutil) if x.startswith('CONN_')
+        ]
+        assert conn.status in valids, conn.status
+        if conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6} and conn.type == SOCK_STREAM:
+            assert conn.status != psutil.CONN_NONE, conn.status
+        else:
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE, conn.status
+
+    check_ntuple(conn)
+    check_family(conn)
+    check_type(conn)
+    check_addrs(conn)
+    check_status(conn)
+
+
+def filter_proc_net_connections(cons):
+    """Our process may start with some open UNIX sockets which are not
+    initialized by us, invalidating unit tests.
+    """
+    new = []
+    for conn in cons:
+        if POSIX and conn.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            if MACOS and "/syslog" in conn.raddr:
+                debug("skipping %s" % str(conn))
+                continue
+        new.append(conn)
+    return new
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- compatibility
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+def reload_module(module):
+    """Backport of importlib.reload of Python 3.3+."""
+    try:
+        import importlib
+
+        if not hasattr(importlib, 'reload'):  # python <=3.3
+            raise ImportError
+    except ImportError:
+        import imp
+
+        return imp.reload(module)
+    else:
+        return importlib.reload(module)
+
+
+def import_module_by_path(path):
+    name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
+    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+        import imp
+
+        return imp.load_source(name, path)
+    else:
+        import importlib.util
+
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+        mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
+        return mod
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- others
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+def warn(msg):
+    """Raise a warning msg."""
+    warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(x):
+    """Check if object is an instance of namedtuple."""
+    t = type(x)
+    b = t.__bases__
+    if len(b) != 1 or b[0] is not tuple:
+        return False
+    f = getattr(t, '_fields', None)
+    if not isinstance(f, tuple):
+        return False
+    return all(isinstance(n, str) for n in f)
+
+
+if POSIX:
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def copyload_shared_lib(suffix=""):
+        """Ctx manager which picks up a random shared CO lib used
+        by this process, copies it in another location and loads it
+        in memory via ctypes. Return the new absolutized path.
+        """
+        exe = 'pypy' if PYPY else 'python'
+        ext = ".so"
+        dst = get_testfn(suffix=suffix + ext)
+        libs = [
+            x.path
+            for x in psutil.Process().memory_maps()
+            if os.path.splitext(x.path)[1] == ext and exe in x.path.lower()
+        ]
+        src = random.choice(libs)
+        shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
+        try:
+            ctypes.CDLL(dst)
+            yield dst
+        finally:
+            safe_rmpath(dst)
+
+else:
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def copyload_shared_lib(suffix=""):
+        """Ctx manager which picks up a random shared DLL lib used
+        by this process, copies it in another location and loads it
+        in memory via ctypes.
+        Return the new absolutized, normcased path.
+        """
+        from ctypes import WinError
+        from ctypes import wintypes
+
+        ext = ".dll"
+        dst = get_testfn(suffix=suffix + ext)
+        libs = [
+            x.path
+            for x in psutil.Process().memory_maps()
+            if x.path.lower().endswith(ext)
+            and 'python' in os.path.basename(x.path).lower()
+            and 'wow64' not in x.path.lower()
+        ]
+        if PYPY and not libs:
+            libs = [
+                x.path
+                for x in psutil.Process().memory_maps()
+                if 'pypy' in os.path.basename(x.path).lower()
+            ]
+        src = random.choice(libs)
+        shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
+        cfile = None
+        try:
+            cfile = ctypes.WinDLL(dst)
+            yield dst
+        finally:
+            # Work around OverflowError:
+            # - https://ci.appveyor.com/project/giampaolo/psutil/build/1207/
+            #       job/o53330pbnri9bcw7
+            # - http://bugs.python.org/issue30286
+            # - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23522055
+            if cfile is not None:
+                FreeLibrary = ctypes.windll.kernel32.FreeLibrary
+                FreeLibrary.argtypes = [wintypes.HMODULE]
+                ret = FreeLibrary(cfile._handle)
+                if ret == 0:
+                    WinError()
+            safe_rmpath(dst)
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Exit funs (first is executed last)
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+# this is executed first
+@atexit.register
+def cleanup_test_procs():
+    reap_children(recursive=True)
+
+
+# atexit module does not execute exit functions in case of SIGTERM, which
+# gets sent to test subprocesses, which is a problem if they import this
+# module. With this it will. See:
+# https://gmpy.dev/blog/2016/how-to-always-execute-exit-functions-in-python
+if POSIX:
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda sig, _: sys.exit(sig))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce6fc24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Run unit tests. This is invoked by:
+$ python -m psutil.tests.
+"""
+
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+
+
+pytest.main(["-v", "-s", "--tb=short"])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_aix.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_aix.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b0f849b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_aix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'
+# Copyright (c) 2017, Arnon Yaari
+# All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""AIX specific tests."""
+
+import re
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import sh
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not AIX, reason="AIX only")
+class AIXSpecificTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_virtual_memory(self):
+        out = sh('/usr/bin/svmon -O unit=KB')
+        re_pattern = r"memory\s*"
+        for field in [
+            "size",
+            "inuse",
+            "free",
+            "pin",
+            "virtual",
+            "available",
+            "mmode",
+        ]:
+            re_pattern += r"(?P<%s>\S+)\s+" % (field,)
+        matchobj = re.search(re_pattern, out)
+
+        assert matchobj is not None
+
+        KB = 1024
+        total = int(matchobj.group("size")) * KB
+        available = int(matchobj.group("available")) * KB
+        used = int(matchobj.group("inuse")) * KB
+        free = int(matchobj.group("free")) * KB
+
+        psutil_result = psutil.virtual_memory()
+
+        # TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM from psutil.tests is not enough. For some reason
+        # we're seeing differences of ~1.2 MB. 2 MB is still a good tolerance
+        # when compared to GBs.
+        TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM = 2 * KB * KB  # 2 MB
+        assert psutil_result.total == total
+        assert abs(psutil_result.used - used) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        assert abs(psutil_result.available - available) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        assert abs(psutil_result.free - free) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_swap_memory(self):
+        out = sh('/usr/sbin/lsps -a')
+        # From the man page, "The size is given in megabytes" so we assume
+        # we'll always have 'MB' in the result
+        # TODO maybe try to use "swap -l" to check "used" too, but its units
+        # are not guaranteed to be "MB" so parsing may not be consistent
+        matchobj = re.search(
+            r"(?P<space>\S+)\s+"
+            r"(?P<vol>\S+)\s+"
+            r"(?P<vg>\S+)\s+"
+            r"(?P<size>\d+)MB",
+            out,
+        )
+
+        assert matchobj is not None
+
+        total_mb = int(matchobj.group("size"))
+        MB = 1024**2
+        psutil_result = psutil.swap_memory()
+        # we divide our result by MB instead of multiplying the lsps value by
+        # MB because lsps may round down, so we round down too
+        assert int(psutil_result.total / MB) == total_mb
+
+    def test_cpu_stats(self):
+        out = sh('/usr/bin/mpstat -a')
+
+        re_pattern = r"ALL\s*"
+        for field in [
+            "min",
+            "maj",
+            "mpcs",
+            "mpcr",
+            "dev",
+            "soft",
+            "dec",
+            "ph",
+            "cs",
+            "ics",
+            "bound",
+            "rq",
+            "push",
+            "S3pull",
+            "S3grd",
+            "S0rd",
+            "S1rd",
+            "S2rd",
+            "S3rd",
+            "S4rd",
+            "S5rd",
+            "sysc",
+        ]:
+            re_pattern += r"(?P<%s>\S+)\s+" % (field,)
+        matchobj = re.search(re_pattern, out)
+
+        assert matchobj is not None
+
+        # numbers are usually in the millions so 1000 is ok for tolerance
+        CPU_STATS_TOLERANCE = 1000
+        psutil_result = psutil.cpu_stats()
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil_result.ctx_switches - int(matchobj.group("cs")))
+            < CPU_STATS_TOLERANCE
+        )
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil_result.syscalls - int(matchobj.group("sysc")))
+            < CPU_STATS_TOLERANCE
+        )
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil_result.interrupts - int(matchobj.group("dev")))
+            < CPU_STATS_TOLERANCE
+        )
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil_result.soft_interrupts - int(matchobj.group("soft")))
+            < CPU_STATS_TOLERANCE
+        )
+
+    def test_cpu_count_logical(self):
+        out = sh('/usr/bin/mpstat -a')
+        mpstat_lcpu = int(re.search(r"lcpu=(\d+)", out).group(1))
+        psutil_lcpu = psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
+        assert mpstat_lcpu == psutil_lcpu
+
+    def test_net_if_addrs_names(self):
+        out = sh('/etc/ifconfig -l')
+        ifconfig_names = set(out.split())
+        psutil_names = set(psutil.net_if_addrs().keys())
+        assert ifconfig_names == psutil_names
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_bsd.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_bsd.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fd1015d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_bsd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+# TODO: (FreeBSD) add test for comparing connections with 'sockstat' cmd.
+
+
+"""Tests specific to all BSD platforms."""
+
+
+import datetime
+import os
+import re
+import time
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+from psutil.tests import which
+
+
+if BSD:
+    from psutil._psutil_posix import getpagesize
+
+    PAGESIZE = getpagesize()
+    # muse requires root privileges
+    MUSE_AVAILABLE = os.getuid() == 0 and which('muse')
+else:
+    PAGESIZE = None
+    MUSE_AVAILABLE = False
+
+
+def sysctl(cmdline):
+    """Expects a sysctl command with an argument and parse the result
+    returning only the value of interest.
+    """
+    result = sh("sysctl " + cmdline)
+    if FREEBSD:
+        result = result[result.find(": ") + 2 :]
+    elif OPENBSD or NETBSD:
+        result = result[result.find("=") + 1 :]
+    try:
+        return int(result)
+    except ValueError:
+        return result
+
+
+def muse(field):
+    """Thin wrapper around 'muse' cmdline utility."""
+    out = sh('muse')
+    for line in out.split('\n'):
+        if line.startswith(field):
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("line not found")
+    return int(line.split()[1])
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- All BSD*
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not BSD, reason="BSD only")
+class BSDTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Generic tests common to all BSD variants."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(NETBSD, reason="-o lstart doesn't work on NETBSD")
+    def test_process_create_time(self):
+        output = sh("ps -o lstart -p %s" % self.pid)
+        start_ps = output.replace('STARTED', '').strip()
+        start_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).create_time()
+        start_psutil = time.strftime(
+            "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", time.localtime(start_psutil)
+        )
+        assert start_ps == start_psutil
+
+    def test_disks(self):
+        # test psutil.disk_usage() and psutil.disk_partitions()
+        # against "df -a"
+        def df(path):
+            out = sh('df -k "%s"' % path).strip()
+            lines = out.split('\n')
+            lines.pop(0)
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            dev, total, used, free = line.split()[:4]
+            if dev == 'none':
+                dev = ''
+            total = int(total) * 1024
+            used = int(used) * 1024
+            free = int(free) * 1024
+            return dev, total, used, free
+
+        for part in psutil.disk_partitions(all=False):
+            usage = psutil.disk_usage(part.mountpoint)
+            dev, total, used, free = df(part.mountpoint)
+            assert part.device == dev
+            assert usage.total == total
+            # 10 MB tolerance
+            if abs(usage.free - free) > 10 * 1024 * 1024:
+                raise self.fail("psutil=%s, df=%s" % (usage.free, free))
+            if abs(usage.used - used) > 10 * 1024 * 1024:
+                raise self.fail("psutil=%s, df=%s" % (usage.used, used))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not which('sysctl'), reason="sysctl cmd not available")
+    def test_cpu_count_logical(self):
+        syst = sysctl("hw.ncpu")
+        assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=True) == syst
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not which('sysctl'), reason="sysctl cmd not available")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        NETBSD, reason="skipped on NETBSD"  # we check /proc/meminfo
+    )
+    def test_virtual_memory_total(self):
+        num = sysctl('hw.physmem')
+        assert num == psutil.virtual_memory().total
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which('ifconfig'), reason="ifconfig cmd not available"
+    )
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        for name, stats in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            try:
+                out = sh("ifconfig %s" % name)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                assert stats.isup == ('RUNNING' in out)
+                if "mtu" in out:
+                    assert stats.mtu == int(re.findall(r'mtu (\d+)', out)[0])
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- FreeBSD
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not FREEBSD, reason="FREEBSD only")
+class FreeBSDPsutilTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_memory_maps(self):
+        out = sh('procstat -v %s' % self.pid)
+        maps = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_maps(grouped=False)
+        lines = out.split('\n')[1:]
+        while lines:
+            line = lines.pop()
+            fields = line.split()
+            _, start, stop, _perms, res = fields[:5]
+            map = maps.pop()
+            assert "%s-%s" % (start, stop) == map.addr
+            assert int(res) == map.rss
+            if not map.path.startswith('['):
+                assert fields[10] == map.path
+
+    def test_exe(self):
+        out = sh('procstat -b %s' % self.pid)
+        assert psutil.Process(self.pid).exe() == out.split('\n')[1].split()[-1]
+
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        out = sh('procstat -c %s' % self.pid)
+        assert ' '.join(psutil.Process(self.pid).cmdline()) == ' '.join(
+            out.split('\n')[1].split()[2:]
+        )
+
+    def test_uids_gids(self):
+        out = sh('procstat -s %s' % self.pid)
+        euid, ruid, suid, egid, rgid, sgid = out.split('\n')[1].split()[2:8]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        uids = p.uids()
+        gids = p.gids()
+        assert uids.real == int(ruid)
+        assert uids.effective == int(euid)
+        assert uids.saved == int(suid)
+        assert gids.real == int(rgid)
+        assert gids.effective == int(egid)
+        assert gids.saved == int(sgid)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_ctx_switches(self):
+        tested = []
+        out = sh('procstat -r %s' % self.pid)
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        for line in out.split('\n'):
+            line = line.lower().strip()
+            if ' voluntary context' in line:
+                pstat_value = int(line.split()[-1])
+                psutil_value = p.num_ctx_switches().voluntary
+                assert pstat_value == psutil_value
+                tested.append(None)
+            elif ' involuntary context' in line:
+                pstat_value = int(line.split()[-1])
+                psutil_value = p.num_ctx_switches().involuntary
+                assert pstat_value == psutil_value
+                tested.append(None)
+        if len(tested) != 2:
+            raise RuntimeError("couldn't find lines match in procstat out")
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        tested = []
+        out = sh('procstat -r %s' % self.pid)
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        for line in out.split('\n'):
+            line = line.lower().strip()
+            if 'user time' in line:
+                pstat_value = float('0.' + line.split()[-1].split('.')[-1])
+                psutil_value = p.cpu_times().user
+                assert pstat_value == psutil_value
+                tested.append(None)
+            elif 'system time' in line:
+                pstat_value = float('0.' + line.split()[-1].split('.')[-1])
+                psutil_value = p.cpu_times().system
+                assert pstat_value == psutil_value
+                tested.append(None)
+        if len(tested) != 2:
+            raise RuntimeError("couldn't find lines match in procstat out")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not FREEBSD, reason="FREEBSD only")
+class FreeBSDSystemTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_swapinfo():
+        # the last line is always the total
+        output = sh("swapinfo -k").splitlines()[-1]
+        parts = re.split(r'\s+', output)
+
+        if not parts:
+            raise ValueError("Can't parse swapinfo: %s" % output)
+
+        # the size is in 1k units, so multiply by 1024
+        total, used, free = (int(p) * 1024 for p in parts[1:4])
+        return total, used, free
+
+    def test_cpu_frequency_against_sysctl(self):
+        # Currently only cpu 0 is frequency is supported in FreeBSD
+        # All other cores use the same frequency.
+        sensor = "dev.cpu.0.freq"
+        try:
+            sysctl_result = int(sysctl(sensor))
+        except RuntimeError:
+            raise pytest.skip("frequencies not supported by kernel")
+        assert psutil.cpu_freq().current == sysctl_result
+
+        sensor = "dev.cpu.0.freq_levels"
+        sysctl_result = sysctl(sensor)
+        # sysctl returns a string of the format:
+        # <freq_level_1>/<voltage_level_1> <freq_level_2>/<voltage_level_2>...
+        # Ordered highest available to lowest available.
+        max_freq = int(sysctl_result.split()[0].split("/")[0])
+        min_freq = int(sysctl_result.split()[-1].split("/")[0])
+        assert psutil.cpu_freq().max == max_freq
+        assert psutil.cpu_freq().min == min_freq
+
+    # --- virtual_memory(); tests against sysctl
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_active(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vm.stats.vm.v_active_count") * PAGESIZE
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().active - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_inactive(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vm.stats.vm.v_inactive_count") * PAGESIZE
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().inactive - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_wired(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vm.stats.vm.v_wire_count") * PAGESIZE
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().wired - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_cached(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vm.stats.vm.v_cache_count") * PAGESIZE
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().cached - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_free(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vm.stats.vm.v_free_count") * PAGESIZE
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().free - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_buffers(self):
+        syst = sysctl("vfs.bufspace")
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().buffers - syst) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    # --- virtual_memory(); tests against muse
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    def test_muse_vmem_total(self):
+        num = muse('Total')
+        assert psutil.virtual_memory().total == num
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_active(self):
+        num = muse('Active')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().active - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_inactive(self):
+        num = muse('Inactive')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().inactive - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_wired(self):
+        num = muse('Wired')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().wired - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_cached(self):
+        num = muse('Cache')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().cached - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_free(self):
+        num = muse('Free')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().free - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not MUSE_AVAILABLE, reason="muse not installed")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_muse_vmem_buffers(self):
+        num = muse('Buffer')
+        assert abs(psutil.virtual_memory().buffers - num) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_cpu_stats_ctx_switches(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                psutil.cpu_stats().ctx_switches
+                - sysctl('vm.stats.sys.v_swtch')
+            )
+            < 1000
+        )
+
+    def test_cpu_stats_interrupts(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.cpu_stats().interrupts - sysctl('vm.stats.sys.v_intr'))
+            < 1000
+        )
+
+    def test_cpu_stats_soft_interrupts(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                psutil.cpu_stats().soft_interrupts
+                - sysctl('vm.stats.sys.v_soft')
+            )
+            < 1000
+        )
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_cpu_stats_syscalls(self):
+        # pretty high tolerance but it looks like it's OK.
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.cpu_stats().syscalls - sysctl('vm.stats.sys.v_syscall'))
+            < 200000
+        )
+
+    # def test_cpu_stats_traps(self):
+    #    self.assertAlmostEqual(psutil.cpu_stats().traps,
+    #                           sysctl('vm.stats.sys.v_trap'), delta=1000)
+
+    # --- swap memory
+
+    def test_swapmem_free(self):
+        _total, _used, free = self.parse_swapinfo()
+        assert abs(psutil.swap_memory().free - free) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_swapmem_used(self):
+        _total, used, _free = self.parse_swapinfo()
+        assert abs(psutil.swap_memory().used - used) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_swapmem_total(self):
+        total, _used, _free = self.parse_swapinfo()
+        assert abs(psutil.swap_memory().total - total) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    # --- others
+
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        s = sysctl('sysctl kern.boottime')
+        s = s[s.find(" sec = ") + 7 :]
+        s = s[: s.find(',')]
+        btime = int(s)
+        assert btime == psutil.boot_time()
+
+    # --- sensors_battery
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_sensors_battery(self):
+        def secs2hours(secs):
+            m, _s = divmod(secs, 60)
+            h, m = divmod(m, 60)
+            return "%d:%02d" % (h, m)
+
+        out = sh("acpiconf -i 0")
+        fields = dict(
+            [(x.split('\t')[0], x.split('\t')[-1]) for x in out.split("\n")]
+        )
+        metrics = psutil.sensors_battery()
+        percent = int(fields['Remaining capacity:'].replace('%', ''))
+        remaining_time = fields['Remaining time:']
+        assert metrics.percent == percent
+        if remaining_time == 'unknown':
+            assert metrics.secsleft == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+        else:
+            assert secs2hours(metrics.secsleft) == remaining_time
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_sensors_battery_against_sysctl(self):
+        assert psutil.sensors_battery().percent == sysctl(
+            "hw.acpi.battery.life"
+        )
+        assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged == (
+            sysctl("hw.acpi.acline") == 1
+        )
+        secsleft = psutil.sensors_battery().secsleft
+        if secsleft < 0:
+            assert sysctl("hw.acpi.battery.time") == -1
+        else:
+            assert secsleft == sysctl("hw.acpi.battery.time") * 60
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(HAS_BATTERY, reason="has battery")
+    def test_sensors_battery_no_battery(self):
+        # If no battery is present one of these calls is supposed
+        # to fail, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1074
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            sysctl("hw.acpi.battery.life")
+            sysctl("hw.acpi.battery.time")
+            sysctl("hw.acpi.acline")
+        assert psutil.sensors_battery() is None
+
+    # --- sensors_temperatures
+
+    def test_sensors_temperatures_against_sysctl(self):
+        num_cpus = psutil.cpu_count(True)
+        for cpu in range(num_cpus):
+            sensor = "dev.cpu.%s.temperature" % cpu
+            # sysctl returns a string in the format 46.0C
+            try:
+                sysctl_result = int(float(sysctl(sensor)[:-1]))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                raise pytest.skip("temperatures not supported by kernel")
+            assert (
+                abs(
+                    psutil.sensors_temperatures()["coretemp"][cpu].current
+                    - sysctl_result
+                )
+                < 10
+            )
+
+            sensor = "dev.cpu.%s.coretemp.tjmax" % cpu
+            sysctl_result = int(float(sysctl(sensor)[:-1]))
+            assert (
+                psutil.sensors_temperatures()["coretemp"][cpu].high
+                == sysctl_result
+            )
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- OpenBSD
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not OPENBSD, reason="OPENBSD only")
+class OpenBSDTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        s = sysctl('kern.boottime')
+        sys_bt = datetime.datetime.strptime(s, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")
+        psutil_bt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time())
+        assert sys_bt == psutil_bt
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- NetBSD
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not NETBSD, reason="NETBSD only")
+class NetBSDTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_meminfo(look_for):
+        with open('/proc/meminfo') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith(look_for):
+                    return int(line.split()[1]) * 1024
+        raise ValueError("can't find %s" % look_for)
+
+    # --- virtual mem
+
+    def test_vmem_total(self):
+        assert psutil.virtual_memory().total == self.parse_meminfo("MemTotal:")
+
+    def test_vmem_free(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.virtual_memory().free - self.parse_meminfo("MemFree:"))
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_vmem_buffers(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                psutil.virtual_memory().buffers
+                - self.parse_meminfo("Buffers:")
+            )
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_vmem_shared(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                psutil.virtual_memory().shared
+                - self.parse_meminfo("MemShared:")
+            )
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_vmem_cached(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.virtual_memory().cached - self.parse_meminfo("Cached:"))
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    # --- swap mem
+
+    def test_swapmem_total(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.swap_memory().total - self.parse_meminfo("SwapTotal:"))
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_swapmem_free(self):
+        assert (
+            abs(psutil.swap_memory().free - self.parse_meminfo("SwapFree:"))
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_swapmem_used(self):
+        smem = psutil.swap_memory()
+        assert smem.used == smem.total - smem.free
+
+    # --- others
+
+    def test_cpu_stats_interrupts(self):
+        with open('/proc/stat', 'rb') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith(b'intr'):
+                    interrupts = int(line.split()[1])
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("couldn't find line")
+        assert abs(psutil.cpu_stats().interrupts - interrupts) < 1000
+
+    def test_cpu_stats_ctx_switches(self):
+        with open('/proc/stat', 'rb') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith(b'ctxt'):
+                    ctx_switches = int(line.split()[1])
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("couldn't find line")
+        assert abs(psutil.cpu_stats().ctx_switches - ctx_switches) < 1000
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_connections.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_connections.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bca12ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_connections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Tests for psutil.net_connections() and Process.net_connections() APIs."""
+
+import os
+import socket
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import closing
+from socket import AF_INET
+from socket import AF_INET6
+from socket import SOCK_DGRAM
+from socket import SOCK_STREAM
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._common import supports_ipv6
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil.tests import AF_UNIX
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX
+from psutil.tests import SKIP_SYSCONS
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import bind_socket
+from psutil.tests import bind_unix_socket
+from psutil.tests import check_connection_ntuple
+from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+from psutil.tests import filter_proc_net_connections
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import reap_children
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_access_denied
+from psutil.tests import tcp_socketpair
+from psutil.tests import unix_socketpair
+from psutil.tests import wait_for_file
+
+
+SOCK_SEQPACKET = getattr(socket, "SOCK_SEQPACKET", object())
+
+
+def this_proc_net_connections(kind):
+    cons = psutil.Process().net_connections(kind=kind)
+    if kind in {"all", "unix"}:
+        return filter_proc_net_connections(cons)
+    return cons
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+class ConnectionTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        assert this_proc_net_connections(kind='all') == []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Make sure we closed all resources.
+        assert this_proc_net_connections(kind='all') == []
+
+    def compare_procsys_connections(self, pid, proc_cons, kind='all'):
+        """Given a process PID and its list of connections compare
+        those against system-wide connections retrieved via
+        psutil.net_connections.
+        """
+        try:
+            sys_cons = psutil.net_connections(kind=kind)
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:
+            # On MACOS, system-wide connections are retrieved by iterating
+            # over all processes
+            if MACOS:
+                return
+            else:
+                raise
+        # Filter for this proc PID and exlucde PIDs from the tuple.
+        sys_cons = [c[:-1] for c in sys_cons if c.pid == pid]
+        sys_cons.sort()
+        proc_cons.sort()
+        assert proc_cons == sys_cons
+
+
+class TestBasicOperations(ConnectionTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SKIP_SYSCONS, reason="requires root")
+    def test_system(self):
+        with create_sockets():
+            for conn in psutil.net_connections(kind='all'):
+                check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+
+    def test_process(self):
+        with create_sockets():
+            for conn in this_proc_net_connections(kind='all'):
+                check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+
+    def test_invalid_kind(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            this_proc_net_connections(kind='???')
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.net_connections(kind='???')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+class TestUnconnectedSockets(ConnectionTestCase):
+    """Tests sockets which are open but not connected to anything."""
+
+    def get_conn_from_sock(self, sock):
+        cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='all')
+        smap = dict([(c.fd, c) for c in cons])
+        if NETBSD or FREEBSD:
+            # NetBSD opens a UNIX socket to /var/log/run
+            # so there may be more connections.
+            return smap[sock.fileno()]
+        else:
+            assert len(cons) == 1
+            if cons[0].fd != -1:
+                assert smap[sock.fileno()].fd == sock.fileno()
+            return cons[0]
+
+    def check_socket(self, sock):
+        """Given a socket, makes sure it matches the one obtained
+        via psutil. It assumes this process created one connection
+        only (the one supposed to be checked).
+        """
+        conn = self.get_conn_from_sock(sock)
+        check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+
+        # fd, family, type
+        if conn.fd != -1:
+            assert conn.fd == sock.fileno()
+        assert conn.family == sock.family
+        # see: http://bugs.python.org/issue30204
+        assert conn.type == sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_TYPE)
+
+        # local address
+        laddr = sock.getsockname()
+        if not laddr and PY3 and isinstance(laddr, bytes):
+            # See: http://bugs.python.org/issue30205
+            laddr = laddr.decode()
+        if sock.family == AF_INET6:
+            laddr = laddr[:2]
+        assert conn.laddr == laddr
+
+        # XXX Solaris can't retrieve system-wide UNIX sockets
+        if sock.family == AF_UNIX and HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='all')
+            self.compare_procsys_connections(os.getpid(), cons, kind='all')
+        return conn
+
+    def test_tcp_v4(self):
+        addr = ("127.0.0.1", 0)
+        with closing(bind_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, addr=addr)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ()
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_LISTEN
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_ipv6(), reason="IPv6 not supported")
+    def test_tcp_v6(self):
+        addr = ("::1", 0)
+        with closing(bind_socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, addr=addr)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ()
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_LISTEN
+
+    def test_udp_v4(self):
+        addr = ("127.0.0.1", 0)
+        with closing(bind_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, addr=addr)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ()
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not supports_ipv6(), reason="IPv6 not supported")
+    def test_udp_v6(self):
+        addr = ("::1", 0)
+        with closing(bind_socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, addr=addr)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ()
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_unix_tcp(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with closing(bind_unix_socket(testfn, type=SOCK_STREAM)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ""  # noqa
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_unix_udp(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with closing(bind_unix_socket(testfn, type=SOCK_STREAM)) as sock:
+            conn = self.check_socket(sock)
+            assert conn.raddr == ""  # noqa
+            assert conn.status == psutil.CONN_NONE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+class TestConnectedSocket(ConnectionTestCase):
+    """Test socket pairs which are actually connected to
+    each other.
+    """
+
+    # On SunOS, even after we close() it, the server socket stays around
+    # in TIME_WAIT state.
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="unreliable on SUONS")
+    def test_tcp(self):
+        addr = ("127.0.0.1", 0)
+        assert this_proc_net_connections(kind='tcp4') == []
+        server, client = tcp_socketpair(AF_INET, addr=addr)
+        try:
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='tcp4')
+            assert len(cons) == 2
+            assert cons[0].status == psutil.CONN_ESTABLISHED
+            assert cons[1].status == psutil.CONN_ESTABLISHED
+            # May not be fast enough to change state so it stays
+            # commenteed.
+            # client.close()
+            # cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='all')
+            # self.assertEqual(len(cons), 1)
+            # self.assertEqual(cons[0].status, psutil.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT)
+        finally:
+            server.close()
+            client.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_unix(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        server, client = unix_socketpair(testfn)
+        try:
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='unix')
+            assert not (cons[0].laddr and cons[0].raddr), cons
+            assert not (cons[1].laddr and cons[1].raddr), cons
+            if NETBSD or FREEBSD:
+                # On NetBSD creating a UNIX socket will cause
+                # a UNIX connection to  /var/run/log.
+                cons = [c for c in cons if c.raddr != '/var/run/log']
+            assert len(cons) == 2
+            if LINUX or FREEBSD or SUNOS or OPENBSD:
+                # remote path is never set
+                assert cons[0].raddr == ""  # noqa
+                assert cons[1].raddr == ""  # noqa
+                # one local address should though
+                assert testfn == (cons[0].laddr or cons[1].laddr)
+            else:
+                # On other systems either the laddr or raddr
+                # of both peers are set.
+                assert (cons[0].laddr or cons[1].laddr) == testfn
+        finally:
+            server.close()
+            client.close()
+
+
+class TestFilters(ConnectionTestCase):
+    def test_filters(self):
+        def check(kind, families, types):
+            for conn in this_proc_net_connections(kind=kind):
+                assert conn.family in families
+                assert conn.type in types
+            if not SKIP_SYSCONS:
+                for conn in psutil.net_connections(kind=kind):
+                    assert conn.family in families
+                    assert conn.type in types
+
+        with create_sockets():
+            check(
+                'all',
+                [AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX],
+                [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET],
+            )
+            check('inet', [AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM])
+            check('inet4', [AF_INET], [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM])
+            check('tcp', [AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM])
+            check('tcp4', [AF_INET], [SOCK_STREAM])
+            check('tcp6', [AF_INET6], [SOCK_STREAM])
+            check('udp', [AF_INET, AF_INET6], [SOCK_DGRAM])
+            check('udp4', [AF_INET], [SOCK_DGRAM])
+            check('udp6', [AF_INET6], [SOCK_DGRAM])
+            if HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+                check(
+                    'unix',
+                    [AF_UNIX],
+                    [SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET],
+                )
+
+    @skip_on_access_denied(only_if=MACOS)
+    def test_combos(self):
+        reap_children()
+
+        def check_conn(proc, conn, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, kinds):
+            all_kinds = (
+                "all",
+                "inet",
+                "inet4",
+                "inet6",
+                "tcp",
+                "tcp4",
+                "tcp6",
+                "udp",
+                "udp4",
+                "udp6",
+            )
+            check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+            assert conn.family == family
+            assert conn.type == type
+            assert conn.laddr == laddr
+            assert conn.raddr == raddr
+            assert conn.status == status
+            for kind in all_kinds:
+                cons = proc.net_connections(kind=kind)
+                if kind in kinds:
+                    assert cons != []
+                else:
+                    assert cons == []
+            # compare against system-wide connections
+            # XXX Solaris can't retrieve system-wide UNIX
+            # sockets.
+            if HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+                self.compare_procsys_connections(proc.pid, [conn])
+
+        tcp_template = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import socket, time
+            s = socket.socket({family}, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            s.bind(('{addr}', 0))
+            s.listen(5)
+            with open('{testfn}', 'w') as f:
+                f.write(str(s.getsockname()[:2]))
+            [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]
+            """)
+
+        udp_template = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import socket, time
+            s = socket.socket({family}, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+            s.bind(('{addr}', 0))
+            with open('{testfn}', 'w') as f:
+                f.write(str(s.getsockname()[:2]))
+            [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]
+            """)
+
+        # must be relative on Windows
+        testfile = os.path.basename(self.get_testfn(dir=os.getcwd()))
+        tcp4_template = tcp_template.format(
+            family=int(AF_INET), addr="127.0.0.1", testfn=testfile
+        )
+        udp4_template = udp_template.format(
+            family=int(AF_INET), addr="127.0.0.1", testfn=testfile
+        )
+        tcp6_template = tcp_template.format(
+            family=int(AF_INET6), addr="::1", testfn=testfile
+        )
+        udp6_template = udp_template.format(
+            family=int(AF_INET6), addr="::1", testfn=testfile
+        )
+
+        # launch various subprocess instantiating a socket of various
+        # families and types to enrich psutil results
+        tcp4_proc = self.pyrun(tcp4_template)
+        tcp4_addr = eval(wait_for_file(testfile, delete=True))  # noqa
+        udp4_proc = self.pyrun(udp4_template)
+        udp4_addr = eval(wait_for_file(testfile, delete=True))  # noqa
+        if supports_ipv6():
+            tcp6_proc = self.pyrun(tcp6_template)
+            tcp6_addr = eval(wait_for_file(testfile, delete=True))  # noqa
+            udp6_proc = self.pyrun(udp6_template)
+            udp6_addr = eval(wait_for_file(testfile, delete=True))  # noqa
+        else:
+            tcp6_proc = None
+            udp6_proc = None
+            tcp6_addr = None
+            udp6_addr = None
+
+        for p in psutil.Process().children():
+            cons = p.net_connections()
+            assert len(cons) == 1
+            for conn in cons:
+                # TCP v4
+                if p.pid == tcp4_proc.pid:
+                    check_conn(
+                        p,
+                        conn,
+                        AF_INET,
+                        SOCK_STREAM,
+                        tcp4_addr,
+                        (),
+                        psutil.CONN_LISTEN,
+                        ("all", "inet", "inet4", "tcp", "tcp4"),
+                    )
+                # UDP v4
+                elif p.pid == udp4_proc.pid:
+                    check_conn(
+                        p,
+                        conn,
+                        AF_INET,
+                        SOCK_DGRAM,
+                        udp4_addr,
+                        (),
+                        psutil.CONN_NONE,
+                        ("all", "inet", "inet4", "udp", "udp4"),
+                    )
+                # TCP v6
+                elif p.pid == getattr(tcp6_proc, "pid", None):
+                    check_conn(
+                        p,
+                        conn,
+                        AF_INET6,
+                        SOCK_STREAM,
+                        tcp6_addr,
+                        (),
+                        psutil.CONN_LISTEN,
+                        ("all", "inet", "inet6", "tcp", "tcp6"),
+                    )
+                # UDP v6
+                elif p.pid == getattr(udp6_proc, "pid", None):
+                    check_conn(
+                        p,
+                        conn,
+                        AF_INET6,
+                        SOCK_DGRAM,
+                        udp6_addr,
+                        (),
+                        psutil.CONN_NONE,
+                        ("all", "inet", "inet6", "udp", "udp6"),
+                    )
+
+    def test_count(self):
+        with create_sockets():
+            # tcp
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='tcp')
+            assert len(cons) == (2 if supports_ipv6() else 1)
+            for conn in cons:
+                assert conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}
+                assert conn.type == SOCK_STREAM
+            # tcp4
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='tcp4')
+            assert len(cons) == 1
+            assert cons[0].family == AF_INET
+            assert cons[0].type == SOCK_STREAM
+            # tcp6
+            if supports_ipv6():
+                cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='tcp6')
+                assert len(cons) == 1
+                assert cons[0].family == AF_INET6
+                assert cons[0].type == SOCK_STREAM
+            # udp
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='udp')
+            assert len(cons) == (2 if supports_ipv6() else 1)
+            for conn in cons:
+                assert conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}
+                assert conn.type == SOCK_DGRAM
+            # udp4
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='udp4')
+            assert len(cons) == 1
+            assert cons[0].family == AF_INET
+            assert cons[0].type == SOCK_DGRAM
+            # udp6
+            if supports_ipv6():
+                cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='udp6')
+                assert len(cons) == 1
+                assert cons[0].family == AF_INET6
+                assert cons[0].type == SOCK_DGRAM
+            # inet
+            cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='inet')
+            assert len(cons) == (4 if supports_ipv6() else 2)
+            for conn in cons:
+                assert conn.family in {AF_INET, AF_INET6}
+                assert conn.type in {SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM}
+            # inet6
+            if supports_ipv6():
+                cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='inet6')
+                assert len(cons) == 2
+                for conn in cons:
+                    assert conn.family == AF_INET6
+                    assert conn.type in {SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM}
+            # Skipped on BSD becayse by default the Python process
+            # creates a UNIX socket to '/var/run/log'.
+            if HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX and not (FREEBSD or NETBSD):
+                cons = this_proc_net_connections(kind='unix')
+                assert len(cons) == 3
+                for conn in cons:
+                    assert conn.family == AF_UNIX
+                    assert conn.type in {SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(SKIP_SYSCONS, reason="requires root")
+class TestSystemWideConnections(ConnectionTestCase):
+    """Tests for net_connections()."""
+
+    def test_it(self):
+        def check(cons, families, types_):
+            for conn in cons:
+                assert conn.family in families
+                if conn.family != AF_UNIX:
+                    assert conn.type in types_
+                check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+
+        with create_sockets():
+            from psutil._common import conn_tmap
+
+            for kind, groups in conn_tmap.items():
+                # XXX: SunOS does not retrieve UNIX sockets.
+                if kind == 'unix' and not HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+                    continue
+                families, types_ = groups
+                cons = psutil.net_connections(kind)
+                assert len(cons) == len(set(cons))
+                check(cons, families, types_)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_multi_sockets_procs(self):
+        # Creates multiple sub processes, each creating different
+        # sockets. For each process check that proc.net_connections()
+        # and psutil.net_connections() return the same results.
+        # This is done mainly to check whether net_connections()'s
+        # pid is properly set, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1013
+        with create_sockets() as socks:
+            expected = len(socks)
+        pids = []
+        times = 10
+        fnames = []
+        for _ in range(times):
+            fname = self.get_testfn()
+            fnames.append(fname)
+            src = textwrap.dedent("""\
+                import time, os
+                from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+                with create_sockets():
+                    with open(r'%s', 'w') as f:
+                        f.write("hello")
+                    [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]
+                """ % fname)
+            sproc = self.pyrun(src)
+            pids.append(sproc.pid)
+
+        # sync
+        for fname in fnames:
+            wait_for_file(fname)
+
+        syscons = [
+            x for x in psutil.net_connections(kind='all') if x.pid in pids
+        ]
+        for pid in pids:
+            assert len([x for x in syscons if x.pid == pid]) == expected
+            p = psutil.Process(pid)
+            assert len(p.net_connections('all')) == expected
+
+
+class TestMisc(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_net_connection_constants(self):
+        ints = []
+        strs = []
+        for name in dir(psutil):
+            if name.startswith('CONN_'):
+                num = getattr(psutil, name)
+                str_ = str(num)
+                assert str_.isupper(), str_
+                assert str not in strs
+                assert num not in ints
+                ints.append(num)
+                strs.append(str_)
+        if SUNOS:
+            psutil.CONN_IDLE  # noqa
+            psutil.CONN_BOUND  # noqa
+        if WINDOWS:
+            psutil.CONN_DELETE_TCB  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_contracts.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_contracts.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0ec6a8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_contracts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Contracts tests. These tests mainly check API sanity in terms of
+returned types and APIs availability.
+Some of these are duplicates of tests test_system.py and test_process.py.
+"""
+
+import platform
+import signal
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import long
+from psutil.tests import GITHUB_ACTIONS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_FREQ
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_FANS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import SKIP_SYSCONS
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+from psutil.tests import enum
+from psutil.tests import is_namedtuple
+from psutil.tests import kernel_version
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- APIs availability
+# ===================================================================
+
+# Make sure code reflects what doc promises in terms of APIs
+# availability.
+
+
+class TestAvailConstantsAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_PROCFS_PATH(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "PROCFS_PATH") == (LINUX or SUNOS or AIX)
+
+    def test_win_priority(self):
+        ae = self.assertEqual
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS"), WINDOWS)
+
+    def test_linux_ioprio_linux(self):
+        ae = self.assertEqual
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE"), LINUX)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_CLASS_RT"), LINUX)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_CLASS_BE"), LINUX)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE"), LINUX)
+
+    def test_linux_ioprio_windows(self):
+        ae = self.assertEqual
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_HIGH"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_NORMAL"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_LOW"), WINDOWS)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "IOPRIO_VERYLOW"), WINDOWS)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        GITHUB_ACTIONS and LINUX,
+        reason="unsupported on GITHUB_ACTIONS + LINUX",
+    )
+    def test_rlimit(self):
+        ae = self.assertEqual
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIM_INFINITY"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_AS"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_CORE"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_CPU"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_DATA"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_FSIZE"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_MEMLOCK"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_NOFILE"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_NPROC"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_RSS"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_STACK"), LINUX or FREEBSD)
+
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_LOCKS"), LINUX)
+        if POSIX:
+            if kernel_version() >= (2, 6, 8):
+                ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE"), LINUX)
+            if kernel_version() >= (2, 6, 12):
+                ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_NICE"), LINUX)
+            if kernel_version() >= (2, 6, 12):
+                ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_RTPRIO"), LINUX)
+            if kernel_version() >= (2, 6, 25):
+                ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_RTTIME"), LINUX)
+            if kernel_version() >= (2, 6, 8):
+                ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_SIGPENDING"), LINUX)
+
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_SWAP"), FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_SBSIZE"), FREEBSD)
+        ae(hasattr(psutil, "RLIMIT_NPTS"), FREEBSD)
+
+
+class TestAvailSystemAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_win_service_iter(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "win_service_iter") == WINDOWS
+
+    def test_win_service_get(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "win_service_get") == WINDOWS
+
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "cpu_freq") == (
+            LINUX or MACOS or WINDOWS or FREEBSD or OPENBSD
+        )
+
+    def test_sensors_temperatures(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "sensors_temperatures") == (LINUX or FREEBSD)
+
+    def test_sensors_fans(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "sensors_fans") == LINUX
+
+    def test_battery(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil, "sensors_battery") == (
+            LINUX or WINDOWS or FREEBSD or MACOS
+        )
+
+
+class TestAvailProcessAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_environ(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "environ") == (
+            LINUX
+            or MACOS
+            or WINDOWS
+            or AIX
+            or SUNOS
+            or FREEBSD
+            or OPENBSD
+            or NETBSD
+        )
+
+    def test_uids(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "uids") == POSIX
+
+    def test_gids(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "uids") == POSIX
+
+    def test_terminal(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "terminal") == POSIX
+
+    def test_ionice(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "ionice") == (LINUX or WINDOWS)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        GITHUB_ACTIONS and LINUX,
+        reason="unsupported on GITHUB_ACTIONS + LINUX",
+    )
+    def test_rlimit(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "rlimit") == (LINUX or FREEBSD)
+
+    def test_io_counters(self):
+        hasit = hasattr(psutil.Process, "io_counters")
+        assert hasit == (not (MACOS or SUNOS))
+
+    def test_num_fds(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "num_fds") == POSIX
+
+    def test_num_handles(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "num_handles") == WINDOWS
+
+    def test_cpu_affinity(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "cpu_affinity") == (
+            LINUX or WINDOWS or FREEBSD
+        )
+
+    def test_cpu_num(self):
+        assert hasattr(psutil.Process, "cpu_num") == (
+            LINUX or FREEBSD or SUNOS
+        )
+
+    def test_memory_maps(self):
+        hasit = hasattr(psutil.Process, "memory_maps")
+        assert hasit == (not (OPENBSD or NETBSD or AIX or MACOS))
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- API types
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestSystemAPITypes(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Check the return types of system related APIs.
+    Mainly we want to test we never return unicode on Python 2, see:
+    https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1039.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.proc = psutil.Process()
+
+    def assert_ntuple_of_nums(self, nt, type_=float, gezero=True):
+        assert is_namedtuple(nt)
+        for n in nt:
+            assert isinstance(n, type_)
+            if gezero:
+                assert n >= 0
+
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(psutil.cpu_times())
+        for nt in psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True):
+            self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(nt)
+
+    def test_cpu_percent(self):
+        assert isinstance(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None), float)
+        assert isinstance(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=0.00001), float)
+
+    def test_cpu_times_percent(self):
+        self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=None))
+        self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=0.0001))
+
+    def test_cpu_count(self):
+        assert isinstance(psutil.cpu_count(), int)
+
+    # TODO: remove this once 1892 is fixed
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        MACOS and platform.machine() == 'arm64', reason="skipped due to #1892"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        if psutil.cpu_freq() is None:
+            raise pytest.skip("cpu_freq() returns None")
+        self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(psutil.cpu_freq(), type_=(float, int, long))
+
+    def test_disk_io_counters(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for k, v in psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True).items():
+            assert isinstance(k, str)
+            self.assert_ntuple_of_nums(v, type_=(int, long))
+
+    def test_disk_partitions(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for disk in psutil.disk_partitions():
+            assert isinstance(disk.device, str)
+            assert isinstance(disk.mountpoint, str)
+            assert isinstance(disk.fstype, str)
+            assert isinstance(disk.opts, str)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SKIP_SYSCONS, reason="requires root")
+    def test_net_connections(self):
+        with create_sockets():
+            ret = psutil.net_connections('all')
+            assert len(ret) == len(set(ret))
+            for conn in ret:
+                assert is_namedtuple(conn)
+
+    def test_net_if_addrs(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for ifname, addrs in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
+            assert isinstance(ifname, str)
+            for addr in addrs:
+                if enum is not None and not PYPY:
+                    assert isinstance(addr.family, enum.IntEnum)
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(addr.family, int)
+                assert isinstance(addr.address, str)
+                assert isinstance(addr.netmask, (str, type(None)))
+                assert isinstance(addr.broadcast, (str, type(None)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for ifname, info in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            assert isinstance(ifname, str)
+            assert isinstance(info.isup, bool)
+            if enum is not None:
+                assert isinstance(info.duplex, enum.IntEnum)
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(info.duplex, int)
+            assert isinstance(info.speed, int)
+            assert isinstance(info.mtu, int)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_net_io_counters(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for ifname in psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True):
+            assert isinstance(ifname, str)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_FANS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_fans(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for name, units in psutil.sensors_fans().items():
+            assert isinstance(name, str)
+            for unit in units:
+                assert isinstance(unit.label, str)
+                assert isinstance(unit.current, (float, int, type(None)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_temperatures(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for name, units in psutil.sensors_temperatures().items():
+            assert isinstance(name, str)
+            for unit in units:
+                assert isinstance(unit.label, str)
+                assert isinstance(unit.current, (float, int, type(None)))
+                assert isinstance(unit.high, (float, int, type(None)))
+                assert isinstance(unit.critical, (float, int, type(None)))
+
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        assert isinstance(psutil.boot_time(), float)
+
+    def test_users(self):
+        # Duplicate of test_system.py. Keep it anyway.
+        for user in psutil.users():
+            assert isinstance(user.name, str)
+            assert isinstance(user.terminal, (str, type(None)))
+            assert isinstance(user.host, (str, type(None)))
+            assert isinstance(user.pid, (int, type(None)))
+
+
+class TestProcessWaitType(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="not POSIX")
+    def test_negative_signal(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.spawn_testproc().pid)
+        p.terminate()
+        code = p.wait()
+        assert code == -signal.SIGTERM
+        if enum is not None:
+            assert isinstance(code, enum.IntEnum)
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(code, int)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_linux.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_linux.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15eaf5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_linux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2350 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Linux specific tests."""
+
+from __future__ import division
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import socket
+import struct
+import textwrap
+import time
+import warnings
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import basestring
+from psutil.tests import AARCH64
+from psutil.tests import GITHUB_ACTIONS
+from psutil.tests import GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_FREQ
+from psutil.tests import HAS_GETLOADAVG
+from psutil.tests import HAS_RLIMIT
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import PYTEST_PARALLEL
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import ThreadTask
+from psutil.tests import call_until
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import reload_module
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import safe_rmpath
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_not_implemented
+from psutil.tests import which
+
+
+if LINUX:
+    from psutil._pslinux import CLOCK_TICKS
+    from psutil._pslinux import RootFsDeviceFinder
+    from psutil._pslinux import calculate_avail_vmem
+    from psutil._pslinux import open_binary
+
+
+HERE = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
+SIOCGIFHWADDR = 0x8927
+SIOCGIFNETMASK = 0x891B
+SIOCGIFBRDADDR = 0x8919
+if LINUX:
+    SECTOR_SIZE = 512
+# =====================================================================
+# --- utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+def get_ipv4_address(ifname):
+    import fcntl
+
+    ifname = ifname[:15]
+    if PY3:
+        ifname = bytes(ifname, 'ascii')
+    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    with contextlib.closing(s):
+        return socket.inet_ntoa(
+            fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), SIOCGIFADDR, struct.pack('256s', ifname))[
+                20:24
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+def get_ipv4_netmask(ifname):
+    import fcntl
+
+    ifname = ifname[:15]
+    if PY3:
+        ifname = bytes(ifname, 'ascii')
+    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    with contextlib.closing(s):
+        return socket.inet_ntoa(
+            fcntl.ioctl(
+                s.fileno(), SIOCGIFNETMASK, struct.pack('256s', ifname)
+            )[20:24]
+        )
+
+
+def get_ipv4_broadcast(ifname):
+    import fcntl
+
+    ifname = ifname[:15]
+    if PY3:
+        ifname = bytes(ifname, 'ascii')
+    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    with contextlib.closing(s):
+        return socket.inet_ntoa(
+            fcntl.ioctl(
+                s.fileno(), SIOCGIFBRDADDR, struct.pack('256s', ifname)
+            )[20:24]
+        )
+
+
+def get_ipv6_addresses(ifname):
+    with open("/proc/net/if_inet6") as f:
+        all_fields = []
+        for line in f:
+            fields = line.split()
+            if fields[-1] == ifname:
+                all_fields.append(fields)
+
+        if len(all_fields) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("could not find interface %r" % ifname)
+
+    for i in range(len(all_fields)):
+        unformatted = all_fields[i][0]
+        groups = []
+        for j in range(0, len(unformatted), 4):
+            groups.append(unformatted[j : j + 4])
+        formatted = ":".join(groups)
+        packed = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, formatted)
+        all_fields[i] = socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, packed)
+    return all_fields
+
+
+def get_mac_address(ifname):
+    import fcntl
+
+    ifname = ifname[:15]
+    if PY3:
+        ifname = bytes(ifname, 'ascii')
+    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    with contextlib.closing(s):
+        info = fcntl.ioctl(
+            s.fileno(), SIOCGIFHWADDR, struct.pack('256s', ifname)
+        )
+        if PY3:
+
+            def ord(x):
+                return x
+
+        else:
+            import __builtin__
+
+            ord = __builtin__.ord
+        return ''.join(['%02x:' % ord(char) for char in info[18:24]])[:-1]
+
+
+def free_swap():
+    """Parse 'free' cmd and return swap memory's s total, used and free
+    values.
+    """
+    out = sh(["free", "-b"], env={"LANG": "C.UTF-8"})
+    lines = out.split('\n')
+    for line in lines:
+        if line.startswith('Swap'):
+            _, total, used, free = line.split()
+            nt = collections.namedtuple('free', 'total used free')
+            return nt(int(total), int(used), int(free))
+    raise ValueError(
+        "can't find 'Swap' in 'free' output:\n%s" % '\n'.join(lines)
+    )
+
+
+def free_physmem():
+    """Parse 'free' cmd and return physical memory's total, used
+    and free values.
+    """
+    # Note: free can have 2 different formats, invalidating 'shared'
+    # and 'cached' memory which may have different positions so we
+    # do not return them.
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/538#issuecomment-57059946
+    out = sh(["free", "-b"], env={"LANG": "C.UTF-8"})
+    lines = out.split('\n')
+    for line in lines:
+        if line.startswith('Mem'):
+            total, used, free, shared = (int(x) for x in line.split()[1:5])
+            nt = collections.namedtuple(
+                'free', 'total used free shared output'
+            )
+            return nt(total, used, free, shared, out)
+    raise ValueError(
+        "can't find 'Mem' in 'free' output:\n%s" % '\n'.join(lines)
+    )
+
+
+def vmstat(stat):
+    out = sh(["vmstat", "-s"], env={"LANG": "C.UTF-8"})
+    for line in out.split("\n"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if stat in line:
+            return int(line.split(' ')[0])
+    raise ValueError("can't find %r in 'vmstat' output" % stat)
+
+
+def get_free_version_info():
+    out = sh(["free", "-V"]).strip()
+    if 'UNKNOWN' in out:
+        raise pytest.skip("can't determine free version")
+    return tuple(map(int, re.findall(r'\d+', out.split()[-1])))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def mock_open_content(pairs):
+    """Mock open() builtin and forces it to return a certain content
+    for a given path. `pairs` is a {"path": "content", ...} dict.
+    """
+
+    def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        if name in pairs:
+            content = pairs[name]
+            if PY3:
+                if isinstance(content, basestring):
+                    return io.StringIO(content)
+                else:
+                    return io.BytesIO(content)
+            else:
+                return io.BytesIO(content)
+        else:
+            return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    orig_open = open
+    patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+    with mock.patch(patch_point, create=True, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+        yield m
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def mock_open_exception(for_path, exc):
+    """Mock open() builtin and raises `exc` if the path being opened
+    matches `for_path`.
+    """
+
+    def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        if name == for_path:
+            raise exc
+        else:
+            return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    orig_open = open
+    patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+    with mock.patch(patch_point, create=True, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+        yield m
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system virtual memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemVirtualMemoryAgainstFree(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_total(self):
+        cli_value = free_physmem().total
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        assert cli_value == psutil_value
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_used(self):
+        # Older versions of procps used slab memory to calculate used memory.
+        # This got changed in:
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/commit/
+        #     05d751c4f076a2f0118b914c5e51cfbb4762ad8e
+        # Newer versions of procps are using yet another way to compute used
+        # memory.
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/commit/
+        #     2184e90d2e7cdb582f9a5b706b47015e56707e4d
+        if get_free_version_info() < (3, 3, 12):
+            raise pytest.skip("free version too old")
+        if get_free_version_info() >= (4, 0, 0):
+            raise pytest.skip("free version too recent")
+        cli_value = free_physmem().used
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().used
+        assert abs(cli_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_free(self):
+        cli_value = free_physmem().free
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().free
+        assert abs(cli_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_shared(self):
+        free = free_physmem()
+        free_value = free.shared
+        if free_value == 0:
+            raise pytest.skip("free does not support 'shared' column")
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().shared
+        assert (
+            abs(free_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        ), '%s %s \n%s' % (free_value, psutil_value, free.output)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_available(self):
+        # "free" output format has changed at some point:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/538#issuecomment-147192098
+        out = sh(["free", "-b"])
+        lines = out.split('\n')
+        if 'available' not in lines[0]:
+            raise pytest.skip("free does not support 'available' column")
+        else:
+            free_value = int(lines[1].split()[-1])
+            psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().available
+            assert (
+                abs(free_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+            ), '%s %s \n%s' % (free_value, psutil_value, out)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemVirtualMemoryAgainstVmstat(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_total(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('total memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_used(self):
+        # Older versions of procps used slab memory to calculate used memory.
+        # This got changed in:
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/commit/
+        #     05d751c4f076a2f0118b914c5e51cfbb4762ad8e
+        # Newer versions of procps are using yet another way to compute used
+        # memory.
+        # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/commit/
+        #     2184e90d2e7cdb582f9a5b706b47015e56707e4d
+        if get_free_version_info() < (3, 3, 12):
+            raise pytest.skip("free version too old")
+        if get_free_version_info() >= (4, 0, 0):
+            raise pytest.skip("free version too recent")
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('used memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().used
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_free(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('free memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().free
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_buffers(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('buffer memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().buffers
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_active(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('active memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().active
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_inactive(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('inactive memory') * 1024
+        psutil_value = psutil.virtual_memory().inactive
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemVirtualMemoryMocks(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_warnings_on_misses(self):
+        # Emulate a case where /proc/meminfo provides few info.
+        # psutil is supposed to set the missing fields to 0 and
+        # raise a warning.
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Active(anon):    6145416 kB
+            Active(file):    2950064 kB
+            Inactive(anon):   574764 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1567648 kB
+            MemAvailable:         -1 kB
+            MemFree:         2057400 kB
+            MemTotal:       16325648 kB
+            SReclaimable:     346648 kB
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({'/proc/meminfo': content}) as m:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                warnings.simplefilter("always")
+                ret = psutil.virtual_memory()
+                assert m.called
+                assert len(ws) == 1
+                w = ws[0]
+                assert "memory stats couldn't be determined" in str(w.message)
+                assert "cached" in str(w.message)
+                assert "shared" in str(w.message)
+                assert "active" in str(w.message)
+                assert "inactive" in str(w.message)
+                assert "buffers" in str(w.message)
+                assert "available" in str(w.message)
+                assert ret.cached == 0
+                assert ret.active == 0
+                assert ret.inactive == 0
+                assert ret.shared == 0
+                assert ret.buffers == 0
+                assert ret.available == 0
+                assert ret.slab == 0
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_avail_old_percent(self):
+        # Make sure that our calculation of avail mem for old kernels
+        # is off by max 15%.
+        mems = {}
+        with open_binary('/proc/meminfo') as f:
+            for line in f:
+                fields = line.split()
+                mems[fields[0]] = int(fields[1]) * 1024
+
+        a = calculate_avail_vmem(mems)
+        if b'MemAvailable:' in mems:
+            b = mems[b'MemAvailable:']
+            diff_percent = abs(a - b) / a * 100
+            assert diff_percent < 15
+
+    def test_avail_old_comes_from_kernel(self):
+        # Make sure "MemAvailable:" coluimn is used instead of relying
+        # on our internal algorithm to calculate avail mem.
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Active:          9444728 kB
+            Active(anon):    6145416 kB
+            Active(file):    2950064 kB
+            Buffers:          287952 kB
+            Cached:          4818144 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1578132 kB
+            Inactive(anon):   574764 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1567648 kB
+            MemAvailable:    6574984 kB
+            MemFree:         2057400 kB
+            MemTotal:       16325648 kB
+            Shmem:            577588 kB
+            SReclaimable:     346648 kB
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({'/proc/meminfo': content}) as m:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                ret = psutil.virtual_memory()
+            assert m.called
+            assert ret.available == 6574984 * 1024
+            w = ws[0]
+            assert "inactive memory stats couldn't be determined" in str(
+                w.message
+            )
+
+    def test_avail_old_missing_fields(self):
+        # Remove Active(file), Inactive(file) and SReclaimable
+        # from /proc/meminfo and make sure the fallback is used
+        # (free + cached),
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Active:          9444728 kB
+            Active(anon):    6145416 kB
+            Buffers:          287952 kB
+            Cached:          4818144 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1578132 kB
+            Inactive(anon):   574764 kB
+            MemFree:         2057400 kB
+            MemTotal:       16325648 kB
+            Shmem:            577588 kB
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/meminfo": content}) as m:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                ret = psutil.virtual_memory()
+            assert m.called
+            assert ret.available == 2057400 * 1024 + 4818144 * 1024
+            w = ws[0]
+            assert "inactive memory stats couldn't be determined" in str(
+                w.message
+            )
+
+    def test_avail_old_missing_zoneinfo(self):
+        # Remove /proc/zoneinfo file. Make sure fallback is used
+        # (free + cached).
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Active:          9444728 kB
+            Active(anon):    6145416 kB
+            Active(file):    2950064 kB
+            Buffers:          287952 kB
+            Cached:          4818144 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1578132 kB
+            Inactive(anon):   574764 kB
+            Inactive(file):  1567648 kB
+            MemFree:         2057400 kB
+            MemTotal:       16325648 kB
+            Shmem:            577588 kB
+            SReclaimable:     346648 kB
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/meminfo": content}):
+            with mock_open_exception(
+                "/proc/zoneinfo",
+                IOError(errno.ENOENT, 'no such file or directory'),
+            ):
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                    ret = psutil.virtual_memory()
+                    assert ret.available == 2057400 * 1024 + 4818144 * 1024
+                    w = ws[0]
+                    assert (
+                        "inactive memory stats couldn't be determined"
+                        in str(w.message)
+                    )
+
+    def test_virtual_memory_mocked(self):
+        # Emulate /proc/meminfo because neither vmstat nor free return slab.
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            MemTotal:              100 kB
+            MemFree:               2 kB
+            MemAvailable:          3 kB
+            Buffers:               4 kB
+            Cached:                5 kB
+            SwapCached:            6 kB
+            Active:                7 kB
+            Inactive:              8 kB
+            Active(anon):          9 kB
+            Inactive(anon):        10 kB
+            Active(file):          11 kB
+            Inactive(file):        12 kB
+            Unevictable:           13 kB
+            Mlocked:               14 kB
+            SwapTotal:             15 kB
+            SwapFree:              16 kB
+            Dirty:                 17 kB
+            Writeback:             18 kB
+            AnonPages:             19 kB
+            Mapped:                20 kB
+            Shmem:                 21 kB
+            Slab:                  22 kB
+            SReclaimable:          23 kB
+            SUnreclaim:            24 kB
+            KernelStack:           25 kB
+            PageTables:            26 kB
+            NFS_Unstable:          27 kB
+            Bounce:                28 kB
+            WritebackTmp:          29 kB
+            CommitLimit:           30 kB
+            Committed_AS:          31 kB
+            VmallocTotal:          32 kB
+            VmallocUsed:           33 kB
+            VmallocChunk:          34 kB
+            HardwareCorrupted:     35 kB
+            AnonHugePages:         36 kB
+            ShmemHugePages:        37 kB
+            ShmemPmdMapped:        38 kB
+            CmaTotal:              39 kB
+            CmaFree:               40 kB
+            HugePages_Total:       41 kB
+            HugePages_Free:        42 kB
+            HugePages_Rsvd:        43 kB
+            HugePages_Surp:        44 kB
+            Hugepagesize:          45 kB
+            DirectMap46k:          46 kB
+            DirectMap47M:          47 kB
+            DirectMap48G:          48 kB
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/meminfo": content}) as m:
+            mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
+            assert m.called
+            assert mem.total == 100 * 1024
+            assert mem.free == 2 * 1024
+            assert mem.buffers == 4 * 1024
+            # cached mem also includes reclaimable memory
+            assert mem.cached == (5 + 23) * 1024
+            assert mem.shared == 21 * 1024
+            assert mem.active == 7 * 1024
+            assert mem.inactive == 8 * 1024
+            assert mem.slab == 22 * 1024
+            assert mem.available == 3 * 1024
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system swap memory
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemSwapMemory(PsutilTestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def meminfo_has_swap_info():
+        """Return True if /proc/meminfo provides swap metrics."""
+        with open("/proc/meminfo") as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        return 'SwapTotal:' in data and 'SwapFree:' in data
+
+    def test_total(self):
+        free_value = free_swap().total
+        psutil_value = psutil.swap_memory().total
+        assert abs(free_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_used(self):
+        free_value = free_swap().used
+        psutil_value = psutil.swap_memory().used
+        assert abs(free_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_free(self):
+        free_value = free_swap().free
+        psutil_value = psutil.swap_memory().free
+        assert abs(free_value - psutil_value) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_missing_sin_sout(self):
+        with mock.patch('psutil._common.open', create=True) as m:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                warnings.simplefilter("always")
+                ret = psutil.swap_memory()
+                assert m.called
+                assert len(ws) == 1
+                w = ws[0]
+                assert (
+                    "'sin' and 'sout' swap memory stats couldn't be determined"
+                    in str(w.message)
+                )
+                assert ret.sin == 0
+                assert ret.sout == 0
+
+    def test_no_vmstat_mocked(self):
+        # see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/722
+        with mock_open_exception(
+            "/proc/vmstat", IOError(errno.ENOENT, 'no such file or directory')
+        ) as m:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:
+                warnings.simplefilter("always")
+                ret = psutil.swap_memory()
+                assert m.called
+                assert len(ws) == 1
+                w = ws[0]
+                assert (
+                    "'sin' and 'sout' swap memory stats couldn't "
+                    "be determined and were set to 0"
+                    in str(w.message)
+                )
+                assert ret.sin == 0
+                assert ret.sout == 0
+
+    def test_meminfo_against_sysinfo(self):
+        # Make sure the content of /proc/meminfo about swap memory
+        # matches sysinfo() syscall, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1015
+        if not self.meminfo_has_swap_info():
+            raise pytest.skip("/proc/meminfo has no swap metrics")
+        with mock.patch('psutil._pslinux.cext.linux_sysinfo') as m:
+            swap = psutil.swap_memory()
+        assert not m.called
+        import psutil._psutil_linux as cext
+
+        _, _, _, _, total, free, unit_multiplier = cext.linux_sysinfo()
+        total *= unit_multiplier
+        free *= unit_multiplier
+        assert swap.total == total
+        assert abs(swap.free - free) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    def test_emulate_meminfo_has_no_metrics(self):
+        # Emulate a case where /proc/meminfo provides no swap metrics
+        # in which case sysinfo() syscall is supposed to be used
+        # as a fallback.
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/meminfo": b""}) as m:
+            psutil.swap_memory()
+            assert m.called
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system CPU
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemCPUTimes(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_fields(self):
+        fields = psutil.cpu_times()._fields
+        kernel_ver = re.findall(r'\d+\.\d+\.\d+', os.uname()[2])[0]
+        kernel_ver_info = tuple(map(int, kernel_ver.split('.')))
+        if kernel_ver_info >= (2, 6, 11):
+            assert 'steal' in fields
+        else:
+            assert 'steal' not in fields
+        if kernel_ver_info >= (2, 6, 24):
+            assert 'guest' in fields
+        else:
+            assert 'guest' not in fields
+        if kernel_ver_info >= (3, 2, 0):
+            assert 'guest_nice' in fields
+        else:
+            assert 'guest_nice' not in fields
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemCPUCountLogical(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not os.path.exists("/sys/devices/system/cpu/online"),
+        reason="/sys/devices/system/cpu/online does not exist",
+    )
+    def test_against_sysdev_cpu_online(self):
+        with open("/sys/devices/system/cpu/online") as f:
+            value = f.read().strip()
+        if "-" in str(value):
+            value = int(value.split('-')[1]) + 1
+            assert psutil.cpu_count() == value
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not os.path.exists("/sys/devices/system/cpu"),
+        reason="/sys/devices/system/cpu does not exist",
+    )
+    def test_against_sysdev_cpu_num(self):
+        ls = os.listdir("/sys/devices/system/cpu")
+        count = len([x for x in ls if re.search(r"cpu\d+$", x) is not None])
+        assert psutil.cpu_count() == count
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("nproc"), reason="nproc utility not available"
+    )
+    def test_against_nproc(self):
+        num = int(sh("nproc --all"))
+        assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=True) == num
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("lscpu"), reason="lscpu utility not available"
+    )
+    def test_against_lscpu(self):
+        out = sh("lscpu -p")
+        num = len([x for x in out.split('\n') if not x.startswith('#')])
+        assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=True) == num
+
+    def test_emulate_fallbacks(self):
+        import psutil._pslinux
+
+        original = psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical()
+        # Here we want to mock os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN") in
+        # order to cause the parsing of /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/stat.
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.os.sysconf', side_effect=ValueError
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical() == original
+            assert m.called
+
+            # Let's have open() return empty data and make sure None is
+            # returned ('cause we mimic os.cpu_count()).
+            with mock.patch('psutil._common.open', create=True) as m:
+                assert psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical() is None
+                assert m.call_count == 2
+                # /proc/stat should be the last one
+                assert m.call_args[0][0] == '/proc/stat'
+
+            # Let's push this a bit further and make sure /proc/cpuinfo
+            # parsing works as expected.
+            with open('/proc/cpuinfo', 'rb') as f:
+                cpuinfo_data = f.read()
+            fake_file = io.BytesIO(cpuinfo_data)
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+            ) as m:
+                assert psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical() == original
+
+            # Finally, let's make /proc/cpuinfo return meaningless data;
+            # this way we'll fall back on relying on /proc/stat
+            with mock_open_content({"/proc/cpuinfo": b""}) as m:
+                assert psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical() == original
+                assert m.called
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemCPUCountCores(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("lscpu"), reason="lscpu utility not available"
+    )
+    def test_against_lscpu(self):
+        out = sh("lscpu -p")
+        core_ids = set()
+        for line in out.split('\n'):
+            if not line.startswith('#'):
+                fields = line.split(',')
+                core_ids.add(fields[1])
+        assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) == len(core_ids)
+
+    def test_method_2(self):
+        meth_1 = psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_cores()
+        with mock.patch('glob.glob', return_value=[]) as m:
+            meth_2 = psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_cores()
+            assert m.called
+        if meth_1 is not None:
+            assert meth_1 == meth_2
+
+    def test_emulate_none(self):
+        with mock.patch('glob.glob', return_value=[]) as m1:
+            with mock.patch('psutil._common.open', create=True) as m2:
+                assert psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_cores() is None
+        assert m1.called
+        assert m2.called
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemCPUFrequency(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_emulate_use_second_file(self):
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/981
+        def path_exists_mock(path):
+            if path.startswith("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy"):
+                return False
+            else:
+                return orig_exists(path)
+
+        orig_exists = os.path.exists
+        with mock.patch(
+            "os.path.exists", side_effect=path_exists_mock, create=True
+        ):
+            assert psutil.cpu_freq()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        AARCH64, reason="aarch64 does not report mhz in /proc/cpuinfo"
+    )
+    def test_emulate_use_cpuinfo(self):
+        # Emulate a case where /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq* does not
+        # exist and /proc/cpuinfo is used instead.
+        def path_exists_mock(path):
+            if path.startswith('/sys/devices/system/cpu/'):
+                return False
+            else:
+                return os_path_exists(path)
+
+        os_path_exists = os.path.exists
+        try:
+            with mock.patch("os.path.exists", side_effect=path_exists_mock):
+                reload_module(psutil._pslinux)
+                ret = psutil.cpu_freq()
+                assert ret, ret
+                assert ret.max == 0.0
+                assert ret.min == 0.0
+                for freq in psutil.cpu_freq(percpu=True):
+                    assert freq.max == 0.0
+                    assert freq.min == 0.0
+        finally:
+            reload_module(psutil._pslinux)
+            reload_module(psutil)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_emulate_data(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith('/scaling_cur_freq') and name.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"500000")
+            elif name.endswith('/scaling_min_freq') and name.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"600000")
+            elif name.endswith('/scaling_max_freq') and name.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"700000")
+            elif name == '/proc/cpuinfo':
+                return io.BytesIO(b"cpu MHz     : 500")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            with mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True):
+                freq = psutil.cpu_freq()
+                assert freq.current == 500.0
+                # when /proc/cpuinfo is used min and max frequencies are not
+                # available and are set to 0.
+                if freq.min != 0.0:
+                    assert freq.min == 600.0
+                if freq.max != 0.0:
+                    assert freq.max == 700.0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_emulate_multi_cpu(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            n = name
+            if n.endswith('/scaling_cur_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"100000")
+            elif n.endswith('/scaling_min_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"200000")
+            elif n.endswith('/scaling_max_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"300000")
+            elif n.endswith('/scaling_cur_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy1"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"400000")
+            elif n.endswith('/scaling_min_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy1"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"500000")
+            elif n.endswith('/scaling_max_freq') and n.startswith(
+                "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy1"
+            ):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"600000")
+            elif name == '/proc/cpuinfo':
+                return io.BytesIO(b"cpu MHz     : 100\ncpu MHz     : 400")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            with mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True):
+                with mock.patch(
+                    'psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical', return_value=2
+                ):
+                    freq = psutil.cpu_freq(percpu=True)
+                    assert freq[0].current == 100.0
+                    if freq[0].min != 0.0:
+                        assert freq[0].min == 200.0
+                    if freq[0].max != 0.0:
+                        assert freq[0].max == 300.0
+                    assert freq[1].current == 400.0
+                    if freq[1].min != 0.0:
+                        assert freq[1].min == 500.0
+                    if freq[1].max != 0.0:
+                        assert freq[1].max == 600.0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_emulate_no_scaling_cur_freq_file(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1071
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith('/scaling_cur_freq'):
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            elif name.endswith('/cpuinfo_cur_freq'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"200000")
+            elif name == '/proc/cpuinfo':
+                return io.BytesIO(b"cpu MHz     : 200")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            with mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True):
+                with mock.patch(
+                    'psutil._pslinux.cpu_count_logical', return_value=1
+                ):
+                    freq = psutil.cpu_freq()
+                    assert freq.current == 200
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemCPUStats(PsutilTestCase):
+
+    # XXX: fails too often.
+    # def test_ctx_switches(self):
+    #     vmstat_value = vmstat("context switches")
+    #     psutil_value = psutil.cpu_stats().ctx_switches
+    #     self.assertAlmostEqual(vmstat_value, psutil_value, delta=500)
+
+    def test_interrupts(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat("interrupts")
+        psutil_value = psutil.cpu_stats().interrupts
+        assert abs(vmstat_value - psutil_value) < 500
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestLoadAvg(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GETLOADAVG, reason="not supported")
+    def test_getloadavg(self):
+        psutil_value = psutil.getloadavg()
+        with open("/proc/loadavg") as f:
+            proc_value = f.read().split()
+
+        assert abs(float(proc_value[0]) - psutil_value[0]) < 1
+        assert abs(float(proc_value[1]) - psutil_value[1]) < 1
+        assert abs(float(proc_value[2]) - psutil_value[2]) < 1
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system network
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemNetIfAddrs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_ips(self):
+        for name, addrs in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
+            for addr in addrs:
+                if addr.family == psutil.AF_LINK:
+                    assert addr.address == get_mac_address(name)
+                elif addr.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                    assert addr.address == get_ipv4_address(name)
+                    assert addr.netmask == get_ipv4_netmask(name)
+                    if addr.broadcast is not None:
+                        assert addr.broadcast == get_ipv4_broadcast(name)
+                    else:
+                        assert get_ipv4_broadcast(name) == '0.0.0.0'
+                elif addr.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                    # IPv6 addresses can have a percent symbol at the end.
+                    # E.g. these 2 are equivalent:
+                    # "fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a"
+                    # "fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a%eth0"
+                    # That is the "zone id" portion, which usually is the name
+                    # of the network interface.
+                    address = addr.address.split('%')[0]
+                    assert address in get_ipv6_addresses(name)
+
+    # XXX - not reliable when having virtual NICs installed by Docker.
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(not which('ip'), reason="'ip' utility not available")
+    # def test_net_if_names(self):
+    #     out = sh("ip addr").strip()
+    #     nics = [x for x in psutil.net_if_addrs().keys() if ':' not in x]
+    #     found = 0
+    #     for line in out.split('\n'):
+    #         line = line.strip()
+    #         if re.search(r"^\d+:", line):
+    #             found += 1
+    #             name = line.split(':')[1].strip()
+    #             self.assertIn(name, nics)
+    #     self.assertEqual(len(nics), found, msg="%s\n---\n%s" % (
+    #         pprint.pformat(nics), out))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+class TestSystemNetIfStats(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("ifconfig"), reason="ifconfig utility not available"
+    )
+    def test_against_ifconfig(self):
+        for name, stats in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            try:
+                out = sh("ifconfig %s" % name)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                assert stats.isup == ('RUNNING' in out), out
+                assert stats.mtu == int(
+                    re.findall(r'(?i)MTU[: ](\d+)', out)[0]
+                )
+
+    def test_mtu(self):
+        for name, stats in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            with open("/sys/class/net/%s/mtu" % name) as f:
+                assert stats.mtu == int(f.read().strip())
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("ifconfig"), reason="ifconfig utility not available"
+    )
+    def test_flags(self):
+        # first line looks like this:
+        # "eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500"
+        matches_found = 0
+        for name, stats in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            try:
+                out = sh("ifconfig %s" % name)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                match = re.search(r"flags=(\d+)?<(.*?)>", out)
+                if match and len(match.groups()) >= 2:
+                    matches_found += 1
+                    ifconfig_flags = set(match.group(2).lower().split(","))
+                    psutil_flags = set(stats.flags.split(","))
+                    assert ifconfig_flags == psutil_flags
+                else:
+                    # ifconfig has a different output on CentOS 6
+                    # let's try that
+                    match = re.search(r"(.*)  MTU:(\d+)  Metric:(\d+)", out)
+                    if match and len(match.groups()) >= 3:
+                        matches_found += 1
+                        ifconfig_flags = set(match.group(1).lower().split())
+                        psutil_flags = set(stats.flags.split(","))
+                        assert ifconfig_flags == psutil_flags
+
+        if not matches_found:
+            raise self.fail("no matches were found")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemNetIOCounters(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("ifconfig"), reason="ifconfig utility not available"
+    )
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_against_ifconfig(self):
+        def ifconfig(nic):
+            ret = {}
+            out = sh("ifconfig %s" % nic)
+            ret['packets_recv'] = int(
+                re.findall(r'RX packets[: ](\d+)', out)[0]
+            )
+            ret['packets_sent'] = int(
+                re.findall(r'TX packets[: ](\d+)', out)[0]
+            )
+            ret['errin'] = int(re.findall(r'errors[: ](\d+)', out)[0])
+            ret['errout'] = int(re.findall(r'errors[: ](\d+)', out)[1])
+            ret['dropin'] = int(re.findall(r'dropped[: ](\d+)', out)[0])
+            ret['dropout'] = int(re.findall(r'dropped[: ](\d+)', out)[1])
+            ret['bytes_recv'] = int(
+                re.findall(r'RX (?:packets \d+ +)?bytes[: ](\d+)', out)[0]
+            )
+            ret['bytes_sent'] = int(
+                re.findall(r'TX (?:packets \d+ +)?bytes[: ](\d+)', out)[0]
+            )
+            return ret
+
+        nio = psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True, nowrap=False)
+        for name, stats in nio.items():
+            try:
+                ifconfig_ret = ifconfig(name)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                continue
+            assert (
+                abs(stats.bytes_recv - ifconfig_ret['bytes_recv']) < 1024 * 10
+            )
+            assert (
+                abs(stats.bytes_sent - ifconfig_ret['bytes_sent']) < 1024 * 10
+            )
+            assert (
+                abs(stats.packets_recv - ifconfig_ret['packets_recv']) < 1024
+            )
+            assert (
+                abs(stats.packets_sent - ifconfig_ret['packets_sent']) < 1024
+            )
+            assert abs(stats.errin - ifconfig_ret['errin']) < 10
+            assert abs(stats.errout - ifconfig_ret['errout']) < 10
+            assert abs(stats.dropin - ifconfig_ret['dropin']) < 10
+            assert abs(stats.dropout - ifconfig_ret['dropout']) < 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemNetConnections(PsutilTestCase):
+    @mock.patch('psutil._pslinux.socket.inet_ntop', side_effect=ValueError)
+    @mock.patch('psutil._pslinux.supports_ipv6', return_value=False)
+    def test_emulate_ipv6_unsupported(self, supports_ipv6, inet_ntop):
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/623
+        try:
+            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            self.addCleanup(s.close)
+            s.bind(("::1", 0))
+        except socket.error:
+            pass
+        psutil.net_connections(kind='inet6')
+
+    def test_emulate_unix(self):
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            0: 00000003 000 000 0001 03 462170 @/tmp/dbus-Qw2hMPIU3n
+            0: 00000003 000 000 0001 03 35010 @/tmp/dbus-tB2X8h69BQ
+            0: 00000003 000 000 0001 03 34424 @/tmp/dbus-cHy80Y8O
+            000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+            """)
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/net/unix": content}) as m:
+            psutil.net_connections(kind='unix')
+            assert m.called
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- system disks
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemDiskPartitions(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not hasattr(os, 'statvfs'), reason="os.statvfs() not available"
+    )
+    @skip_on_not_implemented()
+    def test_against_df(self):
+        # test psutil.disk_usage() and psutil.disk_partitions()
+        # against "df -a"
+        def df(path):
+            out = sh('df -P -B 1 "%s"' % path).strip()
+            lines = out.split('\n')
+            lines.pop(0)
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            dev, total, used, free = line.split()[:4]
+            if dev == 'none':
+                dev = ''
+            total, used, free = int(total), int(used), int(free)
+            return dev, total, used, free
+
+        for part in psutil.disk_partitions(all=False):
+            usage = psutil.disk_usage(part.mountpoint)
+            _, total, used, free = df(part.mountpoint)
+            assert usage.total == total
+            assert abs(usage.free - free) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+            assert abs(usage.used - used) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+
+    def test_zfs_fs(self):
+        # Test that ZFS partitions are returned.
+        with open("/proc/filesystems") as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        if 'zfs' in data:
+            for part in psutil.disk_partitions():
+                if part.fstype == 'zfs':
+                    return
+
+        # No ZFS partitions on this system. Let's fake one.
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u"nodev\tzfs\n")
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m1:
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.cext.disk_partitions',
+                return_value=[('/dev/sdb3', '/', 'zfs', 'rw')],
+            ) as m2:
+                ret = psutil.disk_partitions()
+                assert m1.called
+                assert m2.called
+                assert ret
+                assert ret[0].fstype == 'zfs'
+
+    def test_emulate_realpath_fail(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1307
+        try:
+            with mock.patch(
+                'os.path.realpath', return_value='/non/existent'
+            ) as m:
+                with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                    psutil.disk_partitions()
+                assert m.called
+        finally:
+            psutil.PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSystemDiskIoCounters(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_emulate_kernel_2_4(self):
+        # Tests /proc/diskstats parsing format for 2.4 kernels, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/767
+        content = "   3     0   1 hda 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12"
+        with mock_open_content({'/proc/diskstats': content}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device', return_value=True
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(nowrap=False)
+                assert ret.read_count == 1
+                assert ret.read_merged_count == 2
+                assert ret.read_bytes == 3 * SECTOR_SIZE
+                assert ret.read_time == 4
+                assert ret.write_count == 5
+                assert ret.write_merged_count == 6
+                assert ret.write_bytes == 7 * SECTOR_SIZE
+                assert ret.write_time == 8
+                assert ret.busy_time == 10
+
+    def test_emulate_kernel_2_6_full(self):
+        # Tests /proc/diskstats parsing format for 2.6 kernels,
+        # lines reporting all metrics:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/767
+        content = "   3    0   hda 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11"
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/diskstats": content}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device', return_value=True
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(nowrap=False)
+                assert ret.read_count == 1
+                assert ret.read_merged_count == 2
+                assert ret.read_bytes == 3 * SECTOR_SIZE
+                assert ret.read_time == 4
+                assert ret.write_count == 5
+                assert ret.write_merged_count == 6
+                assert ret.write_bytes == 7 * SECTOR_SIZE
+                assert ret.write_time == 8
+                assert ret.busy_time == 10
+
+    def test_emulate_kernel_2_6_limited(self):
+        # Tests /proc/diskstats parsing format for 2.6 kernels,
+        # where one line of /proc/partitions return a limited
+        # amount of metrics when it bumps into a partition
+        # (instead of a disk). See:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/767
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/diskstats": "   3    1   hda 1 2 3 4"}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device', return_value=True
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(nowrap=False)
+                assert ret.read_count == 1
+                assert ret.read_bytes == 2 * SECTOR_SIZE
+                assert ret.write_count == 3
+                assert ret.write_bytes == 4 * SECTOR_SIZE
+
+                assert ret.read_merged_count == 0
+                assert ret.read_time == 0
+                assert ret.write_merged_count == 0
+                assert ret.write_time == 0
+                assert ret.busy_time == 0
+
+    def test_emulate_include_partitions(self):
+        # Make sure that when perdisk=True disk partitions are returned,
+        # see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1313#issuecomment-408626842
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            3    0   nvme0n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            3    0   nvme0n1p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            """)
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/diskstats": content}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device', return_value=False
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True, nowrap=False)
+                assert len(ret) == 2
+                assert ret['nvme0n1'].read_count == 1
+                assert ret['nvme0n1p1'].read_count == 1
+                assert ret['nvme0n1'].write_count == 5
+                assert ret['nvme0n1p1'].write_count == 5
+
+    def test_emulate_exclude_partitions(self):
+        # Make sure that when perdisk=False partitions (e.g. 'sda1',
+        # 'nvme0n1p1') are skipped and not included in the total count.
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1313#issuecomment-408626842
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            3    0   nvme0n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            3    0   nvme0n1p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            """)
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/diskstats": content}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device', return_value=False
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False, nowrap=False)
+                assert ret is None
+
+        def is_storage_device(name):
+            return name == 'nvme0n1'
+
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            3    0   nvme0n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            3    0   nvme0n1p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+            """)
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/diskstats": content}):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.is_storage_device',
+                create=True,
+                side_effect=is_storage_device,
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False, nowrap=False)
+                assert ret.read_count == 1
+                assert ret.write_count == 5
+
+    def test_emulate_use_sysfs(self):
+        def exists(path):
+            return path == '/proc/diskstats'
+
+        wprocfs = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.os.path.exists', create=True, side_effect=exists
+        ):
+            wsysfs = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
+        assert len(wprocfs) == len(wsysfs)
+
+    def test_emulate_not_impl(self):
+        def exists(path):
+            return False
+
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.os.path.exists', create=True, side_effect=exists
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+                psutil.disk_io_counters()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestRootFsDeviceFinder(PsutilTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        dev = os.stat("/").st_dev
+        self.major = os.major(dev)
+        self.minor = os.minor(dev)
+
+    def test_call_methods(self):
+        finder = RootFsDeviceFinder()
+        if os.path.exists("/proc/partitions"):
+            finder.ask_proc_partitions()
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                finder.ask_proc_partitions()
+        if os.path.exists(
+            "/sys/dev/block/%s:%s/uevent" % (self.major, self.minor)
+        ):
+            finder.ask_sys_dev_block()
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                finder.ask_sys_dev_block()
+        finder.ask_sys_class_block()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(GITHUB_ACTIONS, reason="unsupported on GITHUB_ACTIONS")
+    def test_comparisons(self):
+        finder = RootFsDeviceFinder()
+        assert finder.find() is not None
+
+        a = b = c = None
+        if os.path.exists("/proc/partitions"):
+            a = finder.ask_proc_partitions()
+        if os.path.exists(
+            "/sys/dev/block/%s:%s/uevent" % (self.major, self.minor)
+        ):
+            b = finder.ask_sys_class_block()
+        c = finder.ask_sys_dev_block()
+
+        base = a or b or c
+        if base and a:
+            assert base == a
+        if base and b:
+            assert base == b
+        if base and c:
+            assert base == c
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not which("findmnt"), reason="findmnt utility not available"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(GITHUB_ACTIONS, reason="unsupported on GITHUB_ACTIONS")
+    def test_against_findmnt(self):
+        psutil_value = RootFsDeviceFinder().find()
+        findmnt_value = sh("findmnt -o SOURCE -rn /")
+        assert psutil_value == findmnt_value
+
+    def test_disk_partitions_mocked(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.cext.disk_partitions',
+            return_value=[('/dev/root', '/', 'ext4', 'rw')],
+        ) as m:
+            part = psutil.disk_partitions()[0]
+            assert m.called
+            if not GITHUB_ACTIONS:
+                assert part.device != "/dev/root"
+                assert part.device == RootFsDeviceFinder().find()
+            else:
+                assert part.device == "/dev/root"
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- misc
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestMisc(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        vmstat_value = vmstat('boot time')
+        psutil_value = psutil.boot_time()
+        assert int(vmstat_value) == int(psutil_value)
+
+    def test_no_procfs_on_import(self):
+        my_procfs = self.get_testfn()
+        os.mkdir(my_procfs)
+
+        with open(os.path.join(my_procfs, 'stat'), 'w') as f:
+            f.write('cpu   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+            f.write('cpu0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+            f.write('cpu1  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+
+        try:
+            orig_open = open
+
+            def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+                if name.startswith('/proc'):
+                    raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, 'rejecting access for test')
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+            with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+                reload_module(psutil)
+
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_times()
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_percent()
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_times_percent()
+                with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                    psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
+
+                psutil.PROCFS_PATH = my_procfs
+
+                assert psutil.cpu_percent() == 0
+                assert sum(psutil.cpu_times_percent()) == 0
+
+                # since we don't know the number of CPUs at import time,
+                # we awkwardly say there are none until the second call
+                per_cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)
+                assert sum(per_cpu_percent) == 0
+
+                # ditto awkward length
+                per_cpu_times_percent = psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
+                assert sum(map(sum, per_cpu_times_percent)) == 0
+
+                # much user, very busy
+                with open(os.path.join(my_procfs, 'stat'), 'w') as f:
+                    f.write('cpu   1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+                    f.write('cpu0  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+                    f.write('cpu1  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n')
+
+                assert psutil.cpu_percent() != 0
+                assert sum(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)) != 0
+                assert sum(psutil.cpu_times_percent()) != 0
+                assert (
+                    sum(map(sum, psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True))) != 0
+                )
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(my_procfs)
+            reload_module(psutil)
+
+        assert psutil.PROCFS_PATH == '/proc'
+
+    def test_cpu_steal_decrease(self):
+        # Test cumulative cpu stats decrease. We should ignore this.
+        # See issue #1210.
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            cpu   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
+            cpu0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
+            cpu1  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/stat": content}) as m:
+            # first call to "percent" functions should read the new stat file
+            # and compare to the "real" file read at import time - so the
+            # values are meaningless
+            psutil.cpu_percent()
+            assert m.called
+            psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)
+            psutil.cpu_times_percent()
+            psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
+
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            cpu   1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+            cpu0  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+            cpu1  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/stat": content}):
+            # Increase "user" while steal goes "backwards" to zero.
+            cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent()
+            assert m.called
+            cpu_percent_percpu = psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)
+            cpu_times_percent = psutil.cpu_times_percent()
+            cpu_times_percent_percpu = psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
+            assert cpu_percent != 0
+            assert sum(cpu_percent_percpu) != 0
+            assert sum(cpu_times_percent) != 0
+            assert sum(cpu_times_percent) != 100.0
+            assert sum(map(sum, cpu_times_percent_percpu)) != 0
+            assert sum(map(sum, cpu_times_percent_percpu)) != 100.0
+            assert cpu_times_percent.steal == 0
+            assert cpu_times_percent.user != 0
+
+    def test_boot_time_mocked(self):
+        with mock.patch('psutil._common.open', create=True) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+                psutil._pslinux.boot_time()
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_users(self):
+        # Make sure the C extension converts ':0' and ':0.0' to
+        # 'localhost'.
+        for user in psutil.users():
+            assert user.host not in {":0", ":0.0"}
+
+    def test_procfs_path(self):
+        tdir = self.get_testfn()
+        os.mkdir(tdir)
+        try:
+            psutil.PROCFS_PATH = tdir
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.virtual_memory()
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.cpu_times()
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.boot_time()
+            # self.assertRaises(IOError, psutil.pids)
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.net_connections()
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.net_io_counters()
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.net_if_stats()
+            # self.assertRaises(IOError, psutil.disk_io_counters)
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                psutil.disk_partitions()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                psutil.Process()
+        finally:
+            psutil.PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYTEST_PARALLEL, reason="skip if pytest-parallel")
+    def test_issue_687(self):
+        # In case of thread ID:
+        # - pid_exists() is supposed to return False
+        # - Process(tid) is supposed to work
+        # - pids() should not return the TID
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/687
+        with ThreadTask():
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            threads = p.threads()
+            assert len(threads) == (3 if QEMU_USER else 2)
+            tid = sorted(threads, key=lambda x: x.id)[1].id
+            assert p.pid != tid
+            pt = psutil.Process(tid)
+            pt.as_dict()
+            assert tid not in psutil.pids()
+
+    def test_pid_exists_no_proc_status(self):
+        # Internally pid_exists relies on /proc/{pid}/status.
+        # Emulate a case where this file is empty in which case
+        # psutil is supposed to fall back on using pids().
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/%s/status": ""}) as m:
+            assert psutil.pid_exists(os.getpid())
+            assert m.called
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- sensors
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+class TestSensorsBattery(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not which("acpi"), reason="acpi utility not available")
+    def test_percent(self):
+        out = sh("acpi -b")
+        acpi_value = int(out.split(",")[1].strip().replace('%', ''))
+        psutil_value = psutil.sensors_battery().percent
+        assert abs(acpi_value - psutil_value) < 1
+
+    def test_emulate_power_plugged(self):
+        # Pretend the AC power cable is connected.
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith(('AC0/online', 'AC/online')):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"1")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is True
+            assert (
+                psutil.sensors_battery().secsleft
+                == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+            )
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_plugged_2(self):
+        # Same as above but pretend /AC0/online does not exist in which
+        # case code relies on /status file.
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith(('AC0/online', 'AC/online')):
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            elif name.endswith("/status"):
+                return io.StringIO(u"charging")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is True
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_not_plugged(self):
+        # Pretend the AC power cable is not connected.
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith(('AC0/online', 'AC/online')):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"0")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is False
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_not_plugged_2(self):
+        # Same as above but pretend /AC0/online does not exist in which
+        # case code relies on /status file.
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith(('AC0/online', 'AC/online')):
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            elif name.endswith("/status"):
+                return io.StringIO(u"discharging")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is False
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_undetermined(self):
+        # Pretend we can't know whether the AC power cable not
+        # connected (assert fallback to False).
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.startswith((
+                '/sys/class/power_supply/AC0/online',
+                '/sys/class/power_supply/AC/online',
+            )):
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            elif name.startswith("/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status"):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"???")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is None
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_energy_full_0(self):
+        # Emulate a case where energy_full files returns 0.
+        with mock_open_content(
+            {"/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full": b"0"}
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery().percent == 0
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_energy_full_not_avail(self):
+        # Emulate a case where energy_full file does not exist.
+        # Expected fallback on /capacity.
+        with mock_open_exception(
+            "/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full",
+            IOError(errno.ENOENT, ""),
+        ):
+            with mock_open_exception(
+                "/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_full",
+                IOError(errno.ENOENT, ""),
+            ):
+                with mock_open_content(
+                    {"/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity": b"88"}
+                ):
+                    assert psutil.sensors_battery().percent == 88
+
+    def test_emulate_no_power(self):
+        # Emulate a case where /AC0/online file nor /BAT0/status exist.
+        with mock_open_exception(
+            "/sys/class/power_supply/AC/online", IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+        ):
+            with mock_open_exception(
+                "/sys/class/power_supply/AC0/online", IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            ):
+                with mock_open_exception(
+                    "/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status",
+                    IOError(errno.ENOENT, ""),
+                ):
+                    assert psutil.sensors_battery().power_plugged is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSensorsBatteryEmulated(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_it(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith("/energy_now"):
+                return io.StringIO(u"60000000")
+            elif name.endswith("/power_now"):
+                return io.StringIO(u"0")
+            elif name.endswith("/energy_full"):
+                return io.StringIO(u"60000001")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch('os.listdir', return_value=["BAT0"]) as mlistdir:
+            with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock) as mopen:
+                assert psutil.sensors_battery() is not None
+        assert mlistdir.called
+        assert mopen.called
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSensorsTemperatures(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_emulate_class_hwmon(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith('/name'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"name")
+            elif name.endswith('/temp1_label'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"label")
+            elif name.endswith('/temp1_input'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"30000")
+            elif name.endswith('/temp1_max'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"40000")
+            elif name.endswith('/temp1_crit'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"50000")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            # Test case with /sys/class/hwmon
+            with mock.patch(
+                'glob.glob', return_value=['/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1']
+            ):
+                temp = psutil.sensors_temperatures()['name'][0]
+                assert temp.label == 'label'
+                assert temp.current == 30.0
+                assert temp.high == 40.0
+                assert temp.critical == 50.0
+
+    def test_emulate_class_thermal(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith('0_temp'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"50000")
+            elif name.endswith('temp'):
+                return io.BytesIO(b"30000")
+            elif name.endswith('0_type'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"critical")
+            elif name.endswith('type'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"name")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        def glob_mock(path):
+            if path == '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/temp*_*':  # noqa
+                return []
+            elif path == '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*/device/temp*_*':
+                return []
+            elif path == '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*':
+                return ['/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0']
+            elif path == '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/trip_point*':
+                return [
+                    '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1/trip_point_0_type',
+                    '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1/trip_point_0_temp',
+                ]
+            return []
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            with mock.patch('glob.glob', create=True, side_effect=glob_mock):
+                temp = psutil.sensors_temperatures()['name'][0]
+                assert temp.label == ''  # noqa
+                assert temp.current == 30.0
+                assert temp.high == 50.0
+                assert temp.critical == 50.0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestSensorsFans(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_emulate_data(self):
+        def open_mock(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.endswith('/name'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"name")
+            elif name.endswith('/fan1_label'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"label")
+            elif name.endswith('/fan1_input'):
+                return io.StringIO(u"2000")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'glob.glob', return_value=['/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon2/fan1']
+            ):
+                fan = psutil.sensors_fans()['name'][0]
+                assert fan.label == 'label'
+                assert fan.current == 2000
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- test process
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestProcess(PsutilTestCase):
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_parse_smaps_vs_memory_maps(self):
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc()
+        uss, pss, swap = psutil._pslinux.Process(sproc.pid)._parse_smaps()
+        maps = psutil.Process(sproc.pid).memory_maps(grouped=False)
+        assert (
+            abs(uss - sum([x.private_dirty + x.private_clean for x in maps]))
+            < 4096
+        )
+        assert abs(pss - sum([x.pss for x in maps])) < 4096
+        assert abs(swap - sum([x.swap for x in maps])) < 4096
+
+    def test_parse_smaps_mocked(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1222
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            fffff0 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
+            Size:                  1 kB
+            Rss:                   2 kB
+            Pss:                   3 kB
+            Shared_Clean:          4 kB
+            Shared_Dirty:          5 kB
+            Private_Clean:         6 kB
+            Private_Dirty:         7 kB
+            Referenced:            8 kB
+            Anonymous:             9 kB
+            LazyFree:              10 kB
+            AnonHugePages:         11 kB
+            ShmemPmdMapped:        12 kB
+            Shared_Hugetlb:        13 kB
+            Private_Hugetlb:       14 kB
+            Swap:                  15 kB
+            SwapPss:               16 kB
+            KernelPageSize:        17 kB
+            MMUPageSize:           18 kB
+            Locked:                19 kB
+            VmFlags: rd ex
+            """).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/%s/smaps" % os.getpid(): content}) as m:
+            p = psutil._pslinux.Process(os.getpid())
+            uss, pss, swap = p._parse_smaps()
+            assert m.called
+            assert uss == (6 + 7 + 14) * 1024
+            assert pss == 3 * 1024
+            assert swap == 15 * 1024
+
+    # On PYPY file descriptors are not closed fast enough.
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="unreliable on PYPY")
+    def test_open_files_mode(self):
+        def get_test_file(fname):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            giveup_at = time.time() + GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+            while True:
+                for file in p.open_files():
+                    if file.path == os.path.abspath(fname):
+                        return file
+                    elif time.time() > giveup_at:
+                        break
+            raise RuntimeError("timeout looking for test file")
+
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, "w"):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "w"
+        with open(testfn):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "r"
+        with open(testfn, "a"):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "a"
+        with open(testfn, "r+"):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "r+"
+        with open(testfn, "w+"):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "r+"
+        with open(testfn, "a+"):
+            assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "a+"
+        # note: "x" bit is not supported
+        if PY3:
+            safe_rmpath(testfn)
+            with open(testfn, "x"):
+                assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "w"
+            safe_rmpath(testfn)
+            with open(testfn, "x+"):
+                assert get_test_file(testfn).mode == "r+"
+
+    def test_open_files_file_gone(self):
+        # simulates a file which gets deleted during open_files()
+        # execution
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        files = p.open_files()
+        with open(self.get_testfn(), 'w'):
+            # give the kernel some time to see the new file
+            call_until(lambda: len(p.open_files()) != len(files))
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.os.readlink',
+                side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOENT, ""),
+            ) as m:
+                assert p.open_files() == []
+                assert m.called
+            # also simulate the case where os.readlink() returns EINVAL
+            # in which case psutil is supposed to 'continue'
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.os.readlink',
+                side_effect=OSError(errno.EINVAL, ""),
+            ) as m:
+                assert p.open_files() == []
+                assert m.called
+
+    def test_open_files_fd_gone(self):
+        # Simulate a case where /proc/{pid}/fdinfo/{fd} disappears
+        # while iterating through fds.
+        # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/225694530
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        files = p.open_files()
+        with open(self.get_testfn(), 'w'):
+            # give the kernel some time to see the new file
+            call_until(lambda: len(p.open_files()) != len(files))
+            patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+            with mock.patch(
+                patch_point, side_effect=IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            ) as m:
+                assert p.open_files() == []
+                assert m.called
+
+    def test_open_files_enametoolong(self):
+        # Simulate a case where /proc/{pid}/fd/{fd} symlink
+        # points to a file with full path longer than PATH_MAX, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1940
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        files = p.open_files()
+        with open(self.get_testfn(), 'w'):
+            # give the kernel some time to see the new file
+            call_until(lambda: len(p.open_files()) != len(files))
+            patch_point = 'psutil._pslinux.os.readlink'
+            with mock.patch(
+                patch_point, side_effect=OSError(errno.ENAMETOOLONG, "")
+            ) as m:
+                with mock.patch("psutil._pslinux.debug"):
+                    assert p.open_files() == []
+                    assert m.called
+
+    # --- mocked tests
+
+    def test_terminal_mocked(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux._psposix.get_terminal_map', return_value={}
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil._pslinux.Process(os.getpid()).terminal() is None
+            assert m.called
+
+    # TODO: re-enable this test.
+    # def test_num_ctx_switches_mocked(self):
+    #     with mock.patch('psutil._common.open', create=True) as m:
+    #         self.assertRaises(
+    #             NotImplementedError,
+    #             psutil._pslinux.Process(os.getpid()).num_ctx_switches)
+    #         assert m.called
+
+    def test_cmdline_mocked(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/639
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u'foo\x00bar\x00')
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.cmdline() == ['foo', 'bar']
+            assert m.called
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u'foo\x00bar\x00\x00')
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.cmdline() == ['foo', 'bar', '']
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_cmdline_spaces_mocked(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1179
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u'foo bar ')
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.cmdline() == ['foo', 'bar']
+            assert m.called
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u'foo bar  ')
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.cmdline() == ['foo', 'bar', '']
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_cmdline_mixed_separators(self):
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/
+        #    1179#issuecomment-552984549
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        fake_file = io.StringIO(u'foo\x20bar\x00')
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.open', return_value=fake_file, create=True
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.cmdline() == ['foo', 'bar']
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_readlink_path_deleted_mocked(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.os.readlink', return_value='/home/foo (deleted)'
+        ):
+            assert psutil.Process().exe() == "/home/foo"
+            assert psutil.Process().cwd() == "/home/foo"
+
+    def test_threads_mocked(self):
+        # Test the case where os.listdir() returns a file (thread)
+        # which no longer exists by the time we open() it (race
+        # condition). threads() is supposed to ignore that instead
+        # of raising NSP.
+        def open_mock_1(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.startswith('/proc/%s/task' % os.getpid()):
+                raise IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        orig_open = open
+        patch_point = 'builtins.open' if PY3 else '__builtin__.open'
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock_1) as m:
+            ret = psutil.Process().threads()
+            assert m.called
+            assert ret == []
+
+        # ...but if it bumps into something != ENOENT we want an
+        # exception.
+        def open_mock_2(name, *args, **kwargs):
+            if name.startswith('/proc/%s/task' % os.getpid()):
+                raise IOError(errno.EPERM, "")
+            else:
+                return orig_open(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        with mock.patch(patch_point, side_effect=open_mock_2):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                psutil.Process().threads()
+
+    def test_exe_mocked(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.readlink', side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+        ) as m:
+            # de-activate guessing from cmdline()
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._pslinux.Process.cmdline', return_value=[]
+            ):
+                ret = psutil.Process().exe()
+                assert m.called
+                assert ret == ""  # noqa
+
+    def test_issue_1014(self):
+        # Emulates a case where smaps file does not exist. In this case
+        # wrap_exception decorator should not raise NoSuchProcess.
+        with mock_open_exception(
+            '/proc/%s/smaps' % os.getpid(), IOError(errno.ENOENT, "")
+        ) as m:
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                p.memory_maps()
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_issue_2418(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock_open_exception(
+            '/proc/%s/statm' % os.getpid(), FileNotFoundError
+        ):
+            with mock.patch("os.path.exists", return_value=False):
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                    p.memory_info()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_zombie(self):
+        # Emulate a case where rlimit() raises ENOSYS, which may
+        # happen in case of zombie process:
+        # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/51368273
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._pslinux.prlimit", side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOSYS, "")
+        ) as m1:
+            with mock.patch(
+                "psutil._pslinux.Process._is_zombie", return_value=True
+            ) as m2:
+                p = psutil.Process()
+                p.name()
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.ZombieProcess) as cm:
+                    p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+        assert m1.called
+        assert m2.called
+        assert cm.value.pid == p.pid
+        assert cm.value.name == p.name()
+
+    def test_stat_file_parsing(self):
+        args = [
+            "0",  # pid
+            "(cat)",  # name
+            "Z",  # status
+            "1",  # ppid
+            "0",  # pgrp
+            "0",  # session
+            "0",  # tty
+            "0",  # tpgid
+            "0",  # flags
+            "0",  # minflt
+            "0",  # cminflt
+            "0",  # majflt
+            "0",  # cmajflt
+            "2",  # utime
+            "3",  # stime
+            "4",  # cutime
+            "5",  # cstime
+            "0",  # priority
+            "0",  # nice
+            "0",  # num_threads
+            "0",  # itrealvalue
+            "6",  # starttime
+            "0",  # vsize
+            "0",  # rss
+            "0",  # rsslim
+            "0",  # startcode
+            "0",  # endcode
+            "0",  # startstack
+            "0",  # kstkesp
+            "0",  # kstkeip
+            "0",  # signal
+            "0",  # blocked
+            "0",  # sigignore
+            "0",  # sigcatch
+            "0",  # wchan
+            "0",  # nswap
+            "0",  # cnswap
+            "0",  # exit_signal
+            "6",  # processor
+            "0",  # rt priority
+            "0",  # policy
+            "7",  # delayacct_blkio_ticks
+        ]
+        content = " ".join(args).encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/%s/stat" % os.getpid(): content}):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            assert p.name() == 'cat'
+            assert p.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+            assert p.ppid() == 1
+            assert p.create_time() == 6 / CLOCK_TICKS + psutil.boot_time()
+            cpu = p.cpu_times()
+            assert cpu.user == 2 / CLOCK_TICKS
+            assert cpu.system == 3 / CLOCK_TICKS
+            assert cpu.children_user == 4 / CLOCK_TICKS
+            assert cpu.children_system == 5 / CLOCK_TICKS
+            assert cpu.iowait == 7 / CLOCK_TICKS
+            assert p.cpu_num() == 6
+
+    def test_status_file_parsing(self):
+        content = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Uid:\t1000\t1001\t1002\t1003
+            Gid:\t1004\t1005\t1006\t1007
+            Threads:\t66
+            Cpus_allowed:\tf
+            Cpus_allowed_list:\t0-7
+            voluntary_ctxt_switches:\t12
+            nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches:\t13""").encode()
+        with mock_open_content({"/proc/%s/status" % os.getpid(): content}):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            assert p.num_ctx_switches().voluntary == 12
+            assert p.num_ctx_switches().involuntary == 13
+            assert p.num_threads() == 66
+            uids = p.uids()
+            assert uids.real == 1000
+            assert uids.effective == 1001
+            assert uids.saved == 1002
+            gids = p.gids()
+            assert gids.real == 1004
+            assert gids.effective == 1005
+            assert gids.saved == 1006
+            assert p._proc._get_eligible_cpus() == list(range(8))
+
+    def test_net_connections_enametoolong(self):
+        # Simulate a case where /proc/{pid}/fd/{fd} symlink points to
+        # a file with full path longer than PATH_MAX, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1940
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._pslinux.os.readlink',
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.ENAMETOOLONG, ""),
+        ) as m:
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            with mock.patch("psutil._pslinux.debug"):
+                assert p.net_connections() == []
+                assert m.called
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestProcessAgainstStatus(PsutilTestCase):
+    """/proc/pid/stat and /proc/pid/status have many values in common.
+    Whenever possible, psutil uses /proc/pid/stat (it's faster).
+    For all those cases we check that the value found in
+    /proc/pid/stat (by psutil) matches the one found in
+    /proc/pid/status.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.proc = psutil.Process()
+
+    def read_status_file(self, linestart):
+        with psutil._psplatform.open_text(
+            '/proc/%s/status' % self.proc.pid
+        ) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line.startswith(linestart):
+                    value = line.partition('\t')[2]
+                    try:
+                        return int(value)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        return value
+            raise ValueError("can't find %r" % linestart)
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Name:")
+        assert self.proc.name() == value
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_status(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("State:")
+        value = value[value.find('(') + 1 : value.rfind(')')]
+        value = value.replace(' ', '-')
+        assert self.proc.status() == value
+
+    def test_ppid(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("PPid:")
+        assert self.proc.ppid() == value
+
+    def test_num_threads(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Threads:")
+        assert self.proc.num_threads() == value
+
+    def test_uids(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Uid:")
+        value = tuple(map(int, value.split()[1:4]))
+        assert self.proc.uids() == value
+
+    def test_gids(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Gid:")
+        value = tuple(map(int, value.split()[1:4]))
+        assert self.proc.gids() == value
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_num_ctx_switches(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("voluntary_ctxt_switches:")
+        assert self.proc.num_ctx_switches().voluntary == value
+        value = self.read_status_file("nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches:")
+        assert self.proc.num_ctx_switches().involuntary == value
+
+    def test_cpu_affinity(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Cpus_allowed_list:")
+        if '-' in str(value):
+            min_, max_ = map(int, value.split('-'))
+            assert self.proc.cpu_affinity() == list(range(min_, max_ + 1))
+
+    def test_cpu_affinity_eligible_cpus(self):
+        value = self.read_status_file("Cpus_allowed_list:")
+        with mock.patch("psutil._pslinux.per_cpu_times") as m:
+            self.proc._proc._get_eligible_cpus()
+        if '-' in str(value):
+            assert not m.called
+        else:
+            assert m.called
+
+
+# =====================================================================
+# --- test utils
+# =====================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+class TestUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_readlink(self):
+        with mock.patch("os.readlink", return_value="foo (deleted)") as m:
+            assert psutil._psplatform.readlink("bar") == "foo"
+            assert m.called
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_memleaks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_memleaks.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e249ca51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_memleaks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Tests for detecting function memory leaks (typically the ones
+implemented in C). It does so by calling a function many times and
+checking whether process memory usage keeps increasing between
+calls or over time.
+Note that this may produce false positives (especially on Windows
+for some reason).
+PyPy appears to be completely unstable for this framework, probably
+because of how its JIT handles memory, so tests are skipped.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import functools
+import os
+import platform
+
+import psutil
+import psutil._common
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import ProcessLookupError
+from psutil._compat import super
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_AFFINITY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_FREQ
+from psutil.tests import HAS_ENVIRON
+from psutil.tests import HAS_IONICE
+from psutil.tests import HAS_MEMORY_MAPS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM
+from psutil.tests import HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_RLIMIT
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_FANS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import TestMemoryLeak
+from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+from psutil.tests import get_testfn
+from psutil.tests import process_namespace
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_access_denied
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import system_namespace
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+
+
+cext = psutil._psplatform.cext
+thisproc = psutil.Process()
+FEW_TIMES = 5
+
+
+def fewtimes_if_linux():
+    """Decorator for those Linux functions which are implemented in pure
+    Python, and which we want to run faster.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(fun):
+        @functools.wraps(fun)
+        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            if LINUX:
+                before = self.__class__.times
+                try:
+                    self.__class__.times = FEW_TIMES
+                    return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                finally:
+                    self.__class__.times = before
+            else:
+                return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# Process class
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestProcessObjectLeaks(TestMemoryLeak):
+    """Test leaks of Process class methods."""
+
+    proc = thisproc
+
+    def test_coverage(self):
+        ns = process_namespace(None)
+        ns.test_class_coverage(self, ns.getters + ns.setters)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_name(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.name)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.cmdline)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_exe(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.exe)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_ppid(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.ppid)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_uids(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.uids)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_gids(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.gids)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_status(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.status)
+
+    def test_nice(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.nice)
+
+    def test_nice_set(self):
+        niceness = thisproc.nice()
+        self.execute(lambda: self.proc.nice(niceness))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_IONICE, reason="not supported")
+    def test_ionice(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.ionice)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_IONICE, reason="not supported")
+    def test_ionice_set(self):
+        if WINDOWS:
+            value = thisproc.ionice()
+            self.execute(lambda: self.proc.ionice(value))
+        else:
+            self.execute(lambda: self.proc.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE))
+            fun = functools.partial(cext.proc_ioprio_set, os.getpid(), -1, 0)
+            self.execute_w_exc(OSError, fun)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_io_counters(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.io_counters)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(POSIX, reason="worthless on POSIX")
+    def test_username(self):
+        # always open 1 handle on Windows (only once)
+        psutil.Process().username()
+        self.execute(self.proc.username)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_create_time(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.create_time)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @skip_on_access_denied(only_if=OPENBSD)
+    def test_num_threads(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.num_threads)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+    def test_num_handles(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.num_handles)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_num_fds(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.num_fds)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_num_ctx_switches(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.num_ctx_switches)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @skip_on_access_denied(only_if=OPENBSD)
+    def test_threads(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.threads)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.cpu_times)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_num(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.cpu_num)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_memory_info(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.memory_info)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_memory_full_info(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.memory_full_info)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_terminal(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.terminal)
+
+    def test_resume(self):
+        times = FEW_TIMES if POSIX else self.times
+        self.execute(self.proc.resume, times=times)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cwd(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.cwd)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_AFFINITY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_affinity(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.cpu_affinity)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_AFFINITY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_affinity_set(self):
+        affinity = thisproc.cpu_affinity()
+        self.execute(lambda: self.proc.cpu_affinity(affinity))
+        self.execute_w_exc(ValueError, lambda: self.proc.cpu_affinity([-1]))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_open_files(self):
+        with open(get_testfn(), 'w'):
+            self.execute(self.proc.open_files)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_MEMORY_MAPS, reason="not supported")
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_memory_maps(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.memory_maps)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: self.proc.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="LINUX only")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_set(self):
+        limit = thisproc.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+        self.execute(lambda: self.proc.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, limit))
+        self.execute_w_exc((OSError, ValueError), lambda: self.proc.rlimit(-1))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    # Windows implementation is based on a single system-wide
+    # function (tested later).
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(WINDOWS, reason="worthless on WINDOWS")
+    def test_net_connections(self):
+        # TODO: UNIX sockets are temporarily implemented by parsing
+        # 'pfiles' cmd  output; we don't want that part of the code to
+        # be executed.
+        with create_sockets():
+            kind = 'inet' if SUNOS else 'all'
+            self.execute(lambda: self.proc.net_connections(kind))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_ENVIRON, reason="not supported")
+    def test_environ(self):
+        self.execute(self.proc.environ)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+    def test_proc_info(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: cext.proc_info(os.getpid()))
+
+
+class TestTerminatedProcessLeaks(TestProcessObjectLeaks):
+    """Repeat the tests above looking for leaks occurring when dealing
+    with terminated processes raising NoSuchProcess exception.
+    The C functions are still invoked but will follow different code
+    paths. We'll check those code paths.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super().setUpClass()
+        cls.subp = spawn_testproc()
+        cls.proc = psutil.Process(cls.subp.pid)
+        cls.proc.kill()
+        cls.proc.wait()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        super().tearDownClass()
+        terminate(cls.subp)
+
+    def call(self, fun):
+        try:
+            fun()
+        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+            pass
+
+    if WINDOWS:
+
+        def test_kill(self):
+            self.execute(self.proc.kill)
+
+        def test_terminate(self):
+            self.execute(self.proc.terminate)
+
+        def test_suspend(self):
+            self.execute(self.proc.suspend)
+
+        def test_resume(self):
+            self.execute(self.proc.resume)
+
+        def test_wait(self):
+            self.execute(self.proc.wait)
+
+        def test_proc_info(self):
+            # test dual implementation
+            def call():
+                try:
+                    return cext.proc_info(self.proc.pid)
+                except ProcessLookupError:
+                    pass
+
+            self.execute(call)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+class TestProcessDualImplementation(TestMemoryLeak):
+    def test_cmdline_peb_true(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: cext.proc_cmdline(os.getpid(), use_peb=True))
+
+    def test_cmdline_peb_false(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: cext.proc_cmdline(os.getpid(), use_peb=False))
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# system APIs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestModuleFunctionsLeaks(TestMemoryLeak):
+    """Test leaks of psutil module functions."""
+
+    def test_coverage(self):
+        ns = system_namespace()
+        ns.test_class_coverage(self, ns.all)
+
+    # --- cpu
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cpu_count(self):  # logical
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.cpu_count(logical=True))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cpu_count_cores(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.cpu_count(logical=False))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.cpu_times)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_per_cpu_times(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_cpu_stats(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.cpu_stats)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    # TODO: remove this once 1892 is fixed
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        MACOS and platform.machine() == 'arm64', reason="skipped due to #1892"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.cpu_freq)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+    def test_getloadavg(self):
+        psutil.getloadavg()
+        self.execute(psutil.getloadavg)
+
+    # --- mem
+
+    def test_virtual_memory(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.virtual_memory)
+
+    # TODO: remove this skip when this gets fixed
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="worthless on SUNOS (uses a subprocess)")
+    def test_swap_memory(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.swap_memory)
+
+    def test_pid_exists(self):
+        times = FEW_TIMES if POSIX else self.times
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.pid_exists(os.getpid()), times=times)
+
+    # --- disk
+
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        times = FEW_TIMES if POSIX else self.times
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.disk_usage('.'), times=times)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_disk_partitions(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.disk_partitions)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        LINUX and not os.path.exists('/proc/diskstats'),
+        reason="/proc/diskstats not available on this Linux version",
+    )
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_disk_io_counters(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.disk_io_counters(nowrap=False))
+
+    # --- proc
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_pids(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.pids)
+
+    # --- net
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_net_io_counters(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil.net_io_counters(nowrap=False))
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS and os.getuid() != 0, reason="need root access")
+    def test_net_connections(self):
+        # always opens and handle on Windows() (once)
+        psutil.net_connections(kind='all')
+        with create_sockets():
+            self.execute(lambda: psutil.net_connections(kind='all'))
+
+    def test_net_if_addrs(self):
+        # Note: verified that on Windows this was a false positive.
+        tolerance = 80 * 1024 if WINDOWS else self.tolerance
+        self.execute(psutil.net_if_addrs, tolerance=tolerance)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.net_if_stats)
+
+    # --- sensors
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_battery(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.sensors_battery)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_temperatures(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.sensors_temperatures)
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_FANS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_fans(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.sensors_fans)
+
+    # --- others
+
+    @fewtimes_if_linux()
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.boot_time)
+
+    def test_users(self):
+        self.execute(psutil.users)
+
+    def test_set_debug(self):
+        self.execute(lambda: psutil._set_debug(False))
+
+    if WINDOWS:
+
+        # --- win services
+
+        def test_win_service_iter(self):
+            self.execute(cext.winservice_enumerate)
+
+        def test_win_service_get(self):
+            pass
+
+        def test_win_service_get_config(self):
+            name = next(psutil.win_service_iter()).name()
+            self.execute(lambda: cext.winservice_query_config(name))
+
+        def test_win_service_get_status(self):
+            name = next(psutil.win_service_iter()).name()
+            self.execute(lambda: cext.winservice_query_status(name))
+
+        def test_win_service_get_description(self):
+            name = next(psutil.win_service_iter()).name()
+            self.execute(lambda: cext.winservice_query_descr(name))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_misc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf98f8b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1058 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Miscellaneous tests."""
+
+import ast
+import collections
+import errno
+import json
+import os
+import pickle
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+
+import psutil
+import psutil.tests
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._common import bcat
+from psutil._common import cat
+from psutil._common import debug
+from psutil._common import isfile_strict
+from psutil._common import memoize
+from psutil._common import memoize_when_activated
+from psutil._common import parse_environ_block
+from psutil._common import supports_ipv6
+from psutil._common import wrap_numbers
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import redirect_stderr
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_MEMORY_MAPS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_FANS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE_ENV
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import SCRIPTS_DIR
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import process_namespace
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import reload_module
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import system_namespace
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Test classes' repr(), str(), ...
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestSpecialMethods(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_check_pid_range(self):
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+            psutil._psplatform.cext.check_pid_range(2**128)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+            psutil.Process(2**128)
+
+    def test_process__repr__(self, func=repr):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.spawn_testproc().pid)
+        r = func(p)
+        assert "psutil.Process" in r
+        assert "pid=%s" % p.pid in r
+        assert "name='%s'" % str(p.name()) in r.replace("name=u'", "name='")
+        assert "status=" in r
+        assert "exitcode=" not in r
+        p.terminate()
+        p.wait()
+        r = func(p)
+        assert "status='terminated'" in r
+        assert "exitcode=" in r
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process,
+            "name",
+            side_effect=psutil.ZombieProcess(os.getpid()),
+        ):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            r = func(p)
+            assert "pid=%s" % p.pid in r
+            assert "status='zombie'" in r
+            assert "name=" not in r
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process,
+            "name",
+            side_effect=psutil.NoSuchProcess(os.getpid()),
+        ):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            r = func(p)
+            assert "pid=%s" % p.pid in r
+            assert "terminated" in r
+            assert "name=" not in r
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process,
+            "name",
+            side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied(os.getpid()),
+        ):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            r = func(p)
+            assert "pid=%s" % p.pid in r
+            assert "name=" not in r
+
+    def test_process__str__(self):
+        self.test_process__repr__(func=str)
+
+    def test_error__repr__(self):
+        assert repr(psutil.Error()) == "psutil.Error()"
+
+    def test_error__str__(self):
+        assert str(psutil.Error()) == ""  # noqa
+
+    def test_no_such_process__repr__(self):
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.NoSuchProcess(321))
+            == "psutil.NoSuchProcess(pid=321, msg='process no longer exists')"
+        )
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.NoSuchProcess(321, name="name", msg="msg"))
+            == "psutil.NoSuchProcess(pid=321, name='name', msg='msg')"
+        )
+
+    def test_no_such_process__str__(self):
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.NoSuchProcess(321))
+            == "process no longer exists (pid=321)"
+        )
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.NoSuchProcess(321, name="name", msg="msg"))
+            == "msg (pid=321, name='name')"
+        )
+
+    def test_zombie_process__repr__(self):
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.ZombieProcess(321))
+            == 'psutil.ZombieProcess(pid=321, msg="PID still '
+            'exists but it\'s a zombie")'
+        )
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.ZombieProcess(321, name="name", ppid=320, msg="foo"))
+            == "psutil.ZombieProcess(pid=321, ppid=320, name='name',"
+            " msg='foo')"
+        )
+
+    def test_zombie_process__str__(self):
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.ZombieProcess(321))
+            == "PID still exists but it's a zombie (pid=321)"
+        )
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.ZombieProcess(321, name="name", ppid=320, msg="foo"))
+            == "foo (pid=321, ppid=320, name='name')"
+        )
+
+    def test_access_denied__repr__(self):
+        assert repr(psutil.AccessDenied(321)) == "psutil.AccessDenied(pid=321)"
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.AccessDenied(321, name="name", msg="msg"))
+            == "psutil.AccessDenied(pid=321, name='name', msg='msg')"
+        )
+
+    def test_access_denied__str__(self):
+        assert str(psutil.AccessDenied(321)) == "(pid=321)"
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.AccessDenied(321, name="name", msg="msg"))
+            == "msg (pid=321, name='name')"
+        )
+
+    def test_timeout_expired__repr__(self):
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.TimeoutExpired(5))
+            == "psutil.TimeoutExpired(seconds=5, msg='timeout after 5"
+            " seconds')"
+        )
+        assert (
+            repr(psutil.TimeoutExpired(5, pid=321, name="name"))
+            == "psutil.TimeoutExpired(pid=321, name='name', seconds=5, "
+            "msg='timeout after 5 seconds')"
+        )
+
+    def test_timeout_expired__str__(self):
+        assert str(psutil.TimeoutExpired(5)) == "timeout after 5 seconds"
+        assert (
+            str(psutil.TimeoutExpired(5, pid=321, name="name"))
+            == "timeout after 5 seconds (pid=321, name='name')"
+        )
+
+    def test_process__eq__(self):
+        p1 = psutil.Process()
+        p2 = psutil.Process()
+        assert p1 == p2
+        p2._ident = (0, 0)
+        assert p1 != p2
+        assert p1 != 'foo'
+
+    def test_process__hash__(self):
+        s = set([psutil.Process(), psutil.Process()])
+        assert len(s) == 1
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Misc, generic, corner cases
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestMisc(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test__all__(self):
+        dir_psutil = dir(psutil)
+        for name in dir_psutil:
+            if name in {
+                'debug',
+                'long',
+                'tests',
+                'test',
+                'PermissionError',
+                'ProcessLookupError',
+            }:
+                continue
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                try:
+                    __import__(name)
+                except ImportError:
+                    if name not in psutil.__all__:
+                        fun = getattr(psutil, name)
+                        if fun is None:
+                            continue
+                        if (
+                            fun.__doc__ is not None
+                            and 'deprecated' not in fun.__doc__.lower()
+                        ):
+                            raise self.fail('%r not in psutil.__all__' % name)
+
+        # Import 'star' will break if __all__ is inconsistent, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/656
+        # Can't do `from psutil import *` as it won't work on python 3
+        # so we simply iterate over __all__.
+        for name in psutil.__all__:
+            assert name in dir_psutil
+
+    def test_version(self):
+        assert (
+            '.'.join([str(x) for x in psutil.version_info])
+            == psutil.__version__
+        )
+
+    def test_process_as_dict_no_new_names(self):
+        # See https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/813
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        p.foo = '1'
+        assert 'foo' not in p.as_dict()
+
+    def test_serialization(self):
+        def check(ret):
+            json.loads(json.dumps(ret))
+
+            a = pickle.dumps(ret)
+            b = pickle.loads(a)
+            assert ret == b
+
+        # --- process APIs
+
+        proc = psutil.Process()
+        check(psutil.Process().as_dict())
+
+        ns = process_namespace(proc)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.getters, clear_cache=True):
+            with self.subTest(proc=proc, name=name):
+                try:
+                    ret = fun()
+                except psutil.Error:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    check(ret)
+
+        # --- system APIs
+
+        ns = system_namespace()
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.getters):
+            if name in {"win_service_iter", "win_service_get"}:
+                continue
+            if QEMU_USER and name == "net_if_stats":
+                # OSError: [Errno 38] ioctl(SIOCETHTOOL) not implemented
+                continue
+            with self.subTest(name=name):
+                try:
+                    ret = fun()
+                except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    check(ret)
+
+        # --- exception classes
+
+        b = pickle.loads(
+            pickle.dumps(
+                psutil.NoSuchProcess(pid=4567, name='name', msg='msg')
+            )
+        )
+        assert isinstance(b, psutil.NoSuchProcess)
+        assert b.pid == 4567
+        assert b.name == 'name'
+        assert b.msg == 'msg'
+
+        b = pickle.loads(
+            pickle.dumps(
+                psutil.ZombieProcess(pid=4567, name='name', ppid=42, msg='msg')
+            )
+        )
+        assert isinstance(b, psutil.ZombieProcess)
+        assert b.pid == 4567
+        assert b.ppid == 42
+        assert b.name == 'name'
+        assert b.msg == 'msg'
+
+        b = pickle.loads(
+            pickle.dumps(psutil.AccessDenied(pid=123, name='name', msg='msg'))
+        )
+        assert isinstance(b, psutil.AccessDenied)
+        assert b.pid == 123
+        assert b.name == 'name'
+        assert b.msg == 'msg'
+
+        b = pickle.loads(
+            pickle.dumps(
+                psutil.TimeoutExpired(seconds=33, pid=4567, name='name')
+            )
+        )
+        assert isinstance(b, psutil.TimeoutExpired)
+        assert b.seconds == 33
+        assert b.pid == 4567
+        assert b.name == 'name'
+
+    # # XXX: https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/pull/2896
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(APPVEYOR,
+    #     reason="temporarily disabled due to setuptools bug"
+    # )
+    # def test_setup_script(self):
+    #     setup_py = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'setup.py')
+    #     if CI_TESTING and not os.path.exists(setup_py):
+    #         raise pytest.skip("can't find setup.py")
+    #     module = import_module_by_path(setup_py)
+    #     self.assertRaises(SystemExit, module.setup)
+    #     self.assertEqual(module.get_version(), psutil.__version__)
+
+    def test_ad_on_process_creation(self):
+        # We are supposed to be able to instantiate Process also in case
+        # of zombie processes or access denied.
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process, '_get_ident', side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied
+        ) as meth:
+            psutil.Process()
+            assert meth.called
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process, '_get_ident', side_effect=psutil.ZombieProcess(1)
+        ) as meth:
+            psutil.Process()
+            assert meth.called
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process, '_get_ident', side_effect=ValueError
+        ) as meth:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                psutil.Process()
+            assert meth.called
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+            psutil.Process, '_get_ident', side_effect=psutil.NoSuchProcess(1)
+        ) as meth:
+            with self.assertRaises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                psutil.Process()
+            assert meth.called
+
+    def test_sanity_version_check(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/564
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.version", return_value="0.0.0"
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(ImportError) as cm:
+                reload_module(psutil)
+            assert "version conflict" in str(cm.value).lower()
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- psutil/_common.py utils
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestMemoizeDecorator(PsutilTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.calls = []
+
+    tearDown = setUp
+
+    def run_against(self, obj, expected_retval=None):
+        # no args
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = obj()
+            assert self.calls == [((), {})]
+            if expected_retval is not None:
+                assert ret == expected_retval
+        # with args
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = obj(1)
+            assert self.calls == [((), {}), ((1,), {})]
+            if expected_retval is not None:
+                assert ret == expected_retval
+        # with args + kwargs
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = obj(1, bar=2)
+            assert self.calls == [((), {}), ((1,), {}), ((1,), {'bar': 2})]
+            if expected_retval is not None:
+                assert ret == expected_retval
+        # clear cache
+        assert len(self.calls) == 3
+        obj.cache_clear()
+        ret = obj()
+        if expected_retval is not None:
+            assert ret == expected_retval
+        assert len(self.calls) == 4
+        # docstring
+        assert obj.__doc__ == "My docstring."
+
+    def test_function(self):
+        @memoize
+        def foo(*args, **kwargs):
+            """My docstring."""
+            baseclass.calls.append((args, kwargs))
+            return 22
+
+        baseclass = self
+        self.run_against(foo, expected_retval=22)
+
+    def test_class(self):
+        @memoize
+        class Foo:
+            """My docstring."""
+
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                baseclass.calls.append((args, kwargs))
+
+            def bar(self):
+                return 22
+
+        baseclass = self
+        self.run_against(Foo, expected_retval=None)
+        assert Foo().bar() == 22
+
+    def test_class_singleton(self):
+        # @memoize can be used against classes to create singletons
+        @memoize
+        class Bar:
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                pass
+
+        assert Bar() is Bar()
+        assert id(Bar()) == id(Bar())
+        assert id(Bar(1)) == id(Bar(1))
+        assert id(Bar(1, foo=3)) == id(Bar(1, foo=3))
+        assert id(Bar(1)) != id(Bar(2))
+
+    def test_staticmethod(self):
+        class Foo:
+            @staticmethod
+            @memoize
+            def bar(*args, **kwargs):
+                """My docstring."""
+                baseclass.calls.append((args, kwargs))
+                return 22
+
+        baseclass = self
+        self.run_against(Foo().bar, expected_retval=22)
+
+    def test_classmethod(self):
+        class Foo:
+            @classmethod
+            @memoize
+            def bar(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                """My docstring."""
+                baseclass.calls.append((args, kwargs))
+                return 22
+
+        baseclass = self
+        self.run_against(Foo().bar, expected_retval=22)
+
+    def test_original(self):
+        # This was the original test before I made it dynamic to test it
+        # against different types. Keeping it anyway.
+        @memoize
+        def foo(*args, **kwargs):
+            """Foo docstring."""
+            calls.append(None)
+            return (args, kwargs)
+
+        calls = []
+        # no args
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = foo()
+            expected = ((), {})
+            assert ret == expected
+            assert len(calls) == 1
+        # with args
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = foo(1)
+            expected = ((1,), {})
+            assert ret == expected
+            assert len(calls) == 2
+        # with args + kwargs
+        for _ in range(2):
+            ret = foo(1, bar=2)
+            expected = ((1,), {'bar': 2})
+            assert ret == expected
+            assert len(calls) == 3
+        # clear cache
+        foo.cache_clear()
+        ret = foo()
+        expected = ((), {})
+        assert ret == expected
+        assert len(calls) == 4
+        # docstring
+        assert foo.__doc__ == "Foo docstring."
+
+
+class TestCommonModule(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_memoize_when_activated(self):
+        class Foo:
+            @memoize_when_activated
+            def foo(self):
+                calls.append(None)
+
+        f = Foo()
+        calls = []
+        f.foo()
+        f.foo()
+        assert len(calls) == 2
+
+        # activate
+        calls = []
+        f.foo.cache_activate(f)
+        f.foo()
+        f.foo()
+        assert len(calls) == 1
+
+        # deactivate
+        calls = []
+        f.foo.cache_deactivate(f)
+        f.foo()
+        f.foo()
+        assert len(calls) == 2
+
+    def test_parse_environ_block(self):
+        def k(s):
+            return s.upper() if WINDOWS else s
+
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0") == {k("a"): "1"}
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0b=2\0\0") == {
+            k("a"): "1",
+            k("b"): "2",
+        }
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0b=\0\0") == {k("a"): "1", k("b"): ""}
+        # ignore everything after \0\0
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0b=2\0\0c=3\0") == {
+            k("a"): "1",
+            k("b"): "2",
+        }
+        # ignore everything that is not an assignment
+        assert parse_environ_block("xxx\0a=1\0") == {k("a"): "1"}
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0=b=2\0") == {k("a"): "1"}
+        # do not fail if the block is incomplete
+        assert parse_environ_block("a=1\0b=2") == {k("a"): "1"}
+
+    def test_supports_ipv6(self):
+        self.addCleanup(supports_ipv6.cache_clear)
+        if supports_ipv6():
+            with mock.patch('psutil._common.socket') as s:
+                s.has_ipv6 = False
+                supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+                assert not supports_ipv6()
+
+            supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._common.socket.socket', side_effect=socket.error
+            ) as s:
+                assert not supports_ipv6()
+                assert s.called
+
+            supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._common.socket.socket', side_effect=socket.gaierror
+            ) as s:
+                assert not supports_ipv6()
+                supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+                assert s.called
+
+            supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._common.socket.socket.bind',
+                side_effect=socket.gaierror,
+            ) as s:
+                assert not supports_ipv6()
+                supports_ipv6.cache_clear()
+                assert s.called
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(socket.error):
+                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                try:
+                    sock.bind(("::1", 0))
+                finally:
+                    sock.close()
+
+    def test_isfile_strict(self):
+        this_file = os.path.abspath(__file__)
+        assert isfile_strict(this_file)
+        assert not isfile_strict(os.path.dirname(this_file))
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.os.stat', side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "foo")
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                isfile_strict(this_file)
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.os.stat', side_effect=OSError(errno.EACCES, "foo")
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                isfile_strict(this_file)
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._common.os.stat', side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOENT, "foo")
+        ):
+            assert not isfile_strict(this_file)
+        with mock.patch('psutil._common.stat.S_ISREG', return_value=False):
+            assert not isfile_strict(this_file)
+
+    def test_debug(self):
+        if PY3:
+            from io import StringIO
+        else:
+            from StringIO import StringIO
+
+        with mock.patch.object(psutil._common, "PSUTIL_DEBUG", True):
+            with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+                debug("hello")
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+        msg = f.getvalue()
+        assert msg.startswith("psutil-debug"), msg
+        assert "hello" in msg
+        assert __file__.replace('.pyc', '.py') in msg
+
+        # supposed to use repr(exc)
+        with mock.patch.object(psutil._common, "PSUTIL_DEBUG", True):
+            with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+                debug(ValueError("this is an error"))
+        msg = f.getvalue()
+        assert "ignoring ValueError" in msg
+        assert "'this is an error'" in msg
+
+        # supposed to use str(exc), because of extra info about file name
+        with mock.patch.object(psutil._common, "PSUTIL_DEBUG", True):
+            with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+                exc = OSError(2, "no such file")
+                exc.filename = "/foo"
+                debug(exc)
+        msg = f.getvalue()
+        assert "no such file" in msg
+        assert "/foo" in msg
+
+    def test_cat_bcat(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, "w") as f:
+            f.write("foo")
+        assert cat(testfn) == "foo"
+        assert bcat(testfn) == b"foo"
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            cat(testfn + '-invalid')
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            bcat(testfn + '-invalid')
+        assert cat(testfn + '-invalid', fallback="bar") == "bar"
+        assert bcat(testfn + '-invalid', fallback="bar") == "bar"
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Tests for wrap_numbers() function.
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+nt = collections.namedtuple('foo', 'a b c')
+
+
+class TestWrapNumbers(PsutilTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        wrap_numbers.cache_clear()
+
+    tearDown = setUp
+
+    def test_first_call(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+
+    def test_input_hasnt_changed(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+
+    def test_increase_but_no_wrap(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        input = {'disk1': nt(10, 15, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        input = {'disk1': nt(20, 25, 30)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        input = {'disk1': nt(20, 25, 30)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+
+    def test_wrap(self):
+        # let's say 100 is the threshold
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 100)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        # first wrap restarts from 10
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 110)}
+        # then it remains the same
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 110)}
+        # then it goes up
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 90)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 190)}
+        # then it wraps again
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 210)}
+        # and remains the same
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 210)}
+        # now wrap another num
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 100, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(150, 100, 210)}
+        # and again
+        input = {'disk1': nt(40, 100, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(190, 100, 210)}
+        # keep it the same
+        input = {'disk1': nt(40, 100, 20)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {'disk1': nt(190, 100, 210)}
+
+    def test_changing_keys(self):
+        # Emulate a case where the second call to disk_io()
+        # (or whatever) provides a new disk, then the new disk
+        # disappears on the third call.
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5), 'disk2': nt(7, 7, 7)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        input = {'disk1': nt(8, 8, 8)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+
+    def test_changing_keys_w_wrap(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50), 'disk2': nt(100, 100, 100)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        # disk 2 wraps
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50), 'disk2': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {
+            'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50),
+            'disk2': nt(100, 100, 110),
+        }
+        # disk 2 disappears
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+
+        # then it appears again; the old wrap is supposed to be
+        # gone.
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50), 'disk2': nt(100, 100, 100)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        # remains the same
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50), 'disk2': nt(100, 100, 100)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == input
+        # and then wraps again
+        input = {'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50), 'disk2': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        assert wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io') == {
+            'disk1': nt(50, 50, 50),
+            'disk2': nt(100, 100, 110),
+        }
+
+    def test_real_data(self):
+        d = {
+            'nvme0n1': (300, 508, 640, 1571, 5970, 1987, 2049, 451751, 47048),
+            'nvme0n1p1': (1171, 2, 5600256, 1024, 516, 0, 0, 0, 8),
+            'nvme0n1p2': (54, 54, 2396160, 5165056, 4, 24, 30, 1207, 28),
+            'nvme0n1p3': (2389, 4539, 5154, 150, 4828, 1844, 2019, 398, 348),
+        }
+        assert wrap_numbers(d, 'disk_io') == d
+        assert wrap_numbers(d, 'disk_io') == d
+        # decrease this   ↓
+        d = {
+            'nvme0n1': (100, 508, 640, 1571, 5970, 1987, 2049, 451751, 47048),
+            'nvme0n1p1': (1171, 2, 5600256, 1024, 516, 0, 0, 0, 8),
+            'nvme0n1p2': (54, 54, 2396160, 5165056, 4, 24, 30, 1207, 28),
+            'nvme0n1p3': (2389, 4539, 5154, 150, 4828, 1844, 2019, 398, 348),
+        }
+        out = wrap_numbers(d, 'disk_io')
+        assert out['nvme0n1'][0] == 400
+
+    # --- cache tests
+
+    def test_cache_first_call(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        assert cache[1] == {'disk_io': {}}
+        assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {}}
+
+    def test_cache_call_twice(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        input = {'disk1': nt(10, 10, 10)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        assert cache[1] == {
+            'disk_io': {('disk1', 0): 0, ('disk1', 1): 0, ('disk1', 2): 0}
+        }
+        assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {}}
+
+    def test_cache_wrap(self):
+        # let's say 100 is the threshold
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 100)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+
+        # first wrap restarts from 10
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        assert cache[1] == {
+            'disk_io': {('disk1', 0): 0, ('disk1', 1): 0, ('disk1', 2): 100}
+        }
+        assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {'disk1': set([('disk1', 2)])}}
+
+        def check_cache_info():
+            cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+            assert cache[1] == {
+                'disk_io': {
+                    ('disk1', 0): 0,
+                    ('disk1', 1): 0,
+                    ('disk1', 2): 100,
+                }
+            }
+            assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {'disk1': set([('disk1', 2)])}}
+
+        # then it remains the same
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 10)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        check_cache_info()
+
+        # then it goes up
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 90)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        check_cache_info()
+
+        # then it wraps again
+        input = {'disk1': nt(100, 100, 20)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        assert cache[1] == {
+            'disk_io': {('disk1', 0): 0, ('disk1', 1): 0, ('disk1', 2): 190}
+        }
+        assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {'disk1': set([('disk1', 2)])}}
+
+    def test_cache_changing_keys(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5), 'disk2': nt(7, 7, 7)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        cache = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert cache[0] == {'disk_io': input}
+        assert cache[1] == {
+            'disk_io': {('disk1', 0): 0, ('disk1', 1): 0, ('disk1', 2): 0}
+        }
+        assert cache[2] == {'disk_io': {}}
+
+    def test_cache_clear(self):
+        input = {'disk1': nt(5, 5, 5)}
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        wrap_numbers(input, 'disk_io')
+        wrap_numbers.cache_clear('disk_io')
+        assert wrap_numbers.cache_info() == ({}, {}, {})
+        wrap_numbers.cache_clear('disk_io')
+        wrap_numbers.cache_clear('?!?')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cache_clear_public_apis(self):
+        if not psutil.disk_io_counters() or not psutil.net_io_counters():
+            raise pytest.skip("no disks or NICs available")
+        psutil.disk_io_counters()
+        psutil.net_io_counters()
+        caches = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        for cache in caches:
+            assert 'psutil.disk_io_counters' in cache
+            assert 'psutil.net_io_counters' in cache
+
+        psutil.disk_io_counters.cache_clear()
+        caches = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        for cache in caches:
+            assert 'psutil.net_io_counters' in cache
+            assert 'psutil.disk_io_counters' not in cache
+
+        psutil.net_io_counters.cache_clear()
+        caches = wrap_numbers.cache_info()
+        assert caches == ({}, {}, {})
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Example script tests
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not os.path.exists(SCRIPTS_DIR), reason="can't locate scripts directory"
+)
+class TestScripts(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Tests for scripts in the "scripts" directory."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def assert_stdout(exe, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("env", PYTHON_EXE_ENV)
+        exe = '%s' % os.path.join(SCRIPTS_DIR, exe)
+        cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, exe]
+        for arg in args:
+            cmd.append(arg)
+        try:
+            out = sh(cmd, **kwargs).strip()
+        except RuntimeError as err:
+            if 'AccessDenied' in str(err):
+                return str(err)
+            else:
+                raise
+        assert out, out
+        return out
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def assert_syntax(exe):
+        exe = os.path.join(SCRIPTS_DIR, exe)
+        with open(exe, encoding="utf8") if PY3 else open(exe) as f:
+            src = f.read()
+        ast.parse(src)
+
+    def test_coverage(self):
+        # make sure all example scripts have a test method defined
+        meths = dir(self)
+        for name in os.listdir(SCRIPTS_DIR):
+            if name.endswith('.py'):
+                if 'test_' + os.path.splitext(name)[0] not in meths:
+                    # self.assert_stdout(name)
+                    raise self.fail(
+                        'no test defined for %r script'
+                        % os.path.join(SCRIPTS_DIR, name)
+                    )
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_executable(self):
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(SCRIPTS_DIR):
+            for file in files:
+                if file.endswith('.py'):
+                    path = os.path.join(root, file)
+                    if not stat.S_IXUSR & os.stat(path)[stat.ST_MODE]:
+                        raise self.fail('%r is not executable' % path)
+
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('disk_usage.py')
+
+    def test_free(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('free.py')
+
+    def test_meminfo(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('meminfo.py')
+
+    def test_procinfo(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('procinfo.py', str(os.getpid()))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(CI_TESTING and not psutil.users(), reason="no users")
+    def test_who(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('who.py')
+
+    def test_ps(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('ps.py')
+
+    def test_pstree(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('pstree.py')
+
+    def test_netstat(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('netstat.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_ifconfig(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('ifconfig.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_MEMORY_MAPS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_pmap(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('pmap.py', str(os.getpid()))
+
+    def test_procsmem(self):
+        if 'uss' not in psutil.Process().memory_full_info()._fields:
+            raise pytest.skip("not supported")
+        self.assert_stdout('procsmem.py')
+
+    def test_killall(self):
+        self.assert_syntax('killall.py')
+
+    def test_nettop(self):
+        self.assert_syntax('nettop.py')
+
+    def test_top(self):
+        self.assert_syntax('top.py')
+
+    def test_iotop(self):
+        self.assert_syntax('iotop.py')
+
+    def test_pidof(self):
+        output = self.assert_stdout('pidof.py', psutil.Process().name())
+        assert str(os.getpid()) in output
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+    def test_winservices(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('winservices.py')
+
+    def test_cpu_distribution(self):
+        self.assert_syntax('cpu_distribution.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES, reason="not supported")
+    def test_temperatures(self):
+        if not psutil.sensors_temperatures():
+            raise pytest.skip("no temperatures")
+        self.assert_stdout('temperatures.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_FANS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_fans(self):
+        if not psutil.sensors_fans():
+            raise pytest.skip("no fans")
+        self.assert_stdout('fans.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_battery(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('battery.py')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_sensors(self):
+        self.assert_stdout('sensors.py')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_osx.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_osx.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a70cdf64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_osx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""macOS specific tests."""
+
+import platform
+import re
+import time
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+
+
+if POSIX:
+    from psutil._psutil_posix import getpagesize
+
+
+def sysctl(cmdline):
+    """Expects a sysctl command with an argument and parse the result
+    returning only the value of interest.
+    """
+    out = sh(cmdline)
+    result = out.split()[1]
+    try:
+        return int(result)
+    except ValueError:
+        return result
+
+
+def vm_stat(field):
+    """Wrapper around 'vm_stat' cmdline utility."""
+    out = sh('vm_stat')
+    for line in out.split('\n'):
+        if field in line:
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("line not found")
+    return int(re.search(r'\d+', line).group(0)) * getpagesize()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not MACOS, reason="MACOS only")
+class TestProcess(PsutilTestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    def test_process_create_time(self):
+        output = sh("ps -o lstart -p %s" % self.pid)
+        start_ps = output.replace('STARTED', '').strip()
+        hhmmss = start_ps.split(' ')[-2]
+        year = start_ps.split(' ')[-1]
+        start_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).create_time()
+        assert hhmmss == time.strftime(
+            "%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(start_psutil)
+        )
+        assert year == time.strftime("%Y", time.localtime(start_psutil))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not MACOS, reason="MACOS only")
+class TestSystemAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+
+    # --- disk
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_disks(self):
+        # test psutil.disk_usage() and psutil.disk_partitions()
+        # against "df -a"
+        def df(path):
+            out = sh('df -k "%s"' % path).strip()
+            lines = out.split('\n')
+            lines.pop(0)
+            line = lines.pop(0)
+            dev, total, used, free = line.split()[:4]
+            if dev == 'none':
+                dev = ''
+            total = int(total) * 1024
+            used = int(used) * 1024
+            free = int(free) * 1024
+            return dev, total, used, free
+
+        for part in psutil.disk_partitions(all=False):
+            usage = psutil.disk_usage(part.mountpoint)
+            dev, total, used, free = df(part.mountpoint)
+            assert part.device == dev
+            assert usage.total == total
+            assert abs(usage.free - free) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+            assert abs(usage.used - used) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+
+    # --- cpu
+
+    def test_cpu_count_logical(self):
+        num = sysctl("sysctl hw.logicalcpu")
+        assert num == psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
+
+    def test_cpu_count_cores(self):
+        num = sysctl("sysctl hw.physicalcpu")
+        assert num == psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
+
+    # TODO: remove this once 1892 is fixed
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        MACOS and platform.machine() == 'arm64', reason="skipped due to #1892"
+    )
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        freq = psutil.cpu_freq()
+        assert freq.current * 1000 * 1000 == sysctl("sysctl hw.cpufrequency")
+        assert freq.min * 1000 * 1000 == sysctl("sysctl hw.cpufrequency_min")
+        assert freq.max * 1000 * 1000 == sysctl("sysctl hw.cpufrequency_max")
+
+    # --- virtual mem
+
+    def test_vmem_total(self):
+        sysctl_hwphymem = sysctl('sysctl hw.memsize')
+        assert sysctl_hwphymem == psutil.virtual_memory().total
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_free(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("free")
+        psutil_val = psutil.virtual_memory().free
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_active(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("active")
+        psutil_val = psutil.virtual_memory().active
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_inactive(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("inactive")
+        psutil_val = psutil.virtual_memory().inactive
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vmem_wired(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("wired")
+        psutil_val = psutil.virtual_memory().wired
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    # --- swap mem
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_swapmem_sin(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("Pageins")
+        psutil_val = psutil.swap_memory().sin
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_swapmem_sout(self):
+        vmstat_val = vm_stat("Pageout")
+        psutil_val = psutil.swap_memory().sout
+        assert abs(psutil_val - vmstat_val) < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+
+    # --- network
+
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        for name, stats in psutil.net_if_stats().items():
+            try:
+                out = sh("ifconfig %s" % name)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                assert stats.isup == ('RUNNING' in out), out
+                assert stats.mtu == int(re.findall(r'mtu (\d+)', out)[0])
+
+    # --- sensors_battery
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_sensors_battery(self):
+        out = sh("pmset -g batt")
+        percent = re.search(r"(\d+)%", out).group(1)
+        drawing_from = re.search("Now drawing from '([^']+)'", out).group(1)
+        power_plugged = drawing_from == "AC Power"
+        psutil_result = psutil.sensors_battery()
+        assert psutil_result.power_plugged == power_plugged
+        assert psutil_result.percent == int(percent)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_posix.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_posix.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..551eaec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_posix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""POSIX specific tests."""
+
+import datetime
+import errno
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import time
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil.tests import AARCH64
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_access_denied
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+from psutil.tests import which
+
+
+if POSIX:
+    import mmap
+    import resource
+
+    from psutil._psutil_posix import getpagesize
+
+
+def ps(fmt, pid=None):
+    """Wrapper for calling the ps command with a little bit of cross-platform
+    support for a narrow range of features.
+    """
+
+    cmd = ['ps']
+
+    if LINUX:
+        cmd.append('--no-headers')
+
+    if pid is not None:
+        cmd.extend(['-p', str(pid)])
+    elif SUNOS or AIX:
+        cmd.append('-A')
+    else:
+        cmd.append('ax')
+
+    if SUNOS:
+        fmt = fmt.replace("start", "stime")
+
+    cmd.extend(['-o', fmt])
+
+    output = sh(cmd)
+
+    output = output.splitlines() if LINUX else output.splitlines()[1:]
+
+    all_output = []
+    for line in output:
+        line = line.strip()
+
+        try:
+            line = int(line)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        all_output.append(line)
+
+    if pid is None:
+        return all_output
+    else:
+        return all_output[0]
+
+
+# ps "-o" field names differ wildly between platforms.
+# "comm" means "only executable name" but is not available on BSD platforms.
+# "args" means "command with all its arguments", and is also not available
+# on BSD platforms.
+# "command" is like "args" on most platforms, but like "comm" on AIX,
+# and not available on SUNOS.
+# so for the executable name we can use "comm" on Solaris and split "command"
+# on other platforms.
+# to get the cmdline (with args) we have to use "args" on AIX and
+# Solaris, and can use "command" on all others.
+
+
+def ps_name(pid):
+    field = "command"
+    if SUNOS:
+        field = "comm"
+    command = ps(field, pid).split()
+    if QEMU_USER:
+        assert "/bin/qemu-" in command[0]
+        return command[1]
+    return command[0]
+
+
+def ps_args(pid):
+    field = "command"
+    if AIX or SUNOS:
+        field = "args"
+    out = ps(field, pid)
+    # observed on BSD + Github CI: '/usr/local/bin/python3 -E -O (python3.9)'
+    out = re.sub(r"\(python.*?\)$", "", out)
+    return out.strip()
+
+
+def ps_rss(pid):
+    field = "rss"
+    if AIX:
+        field = "rssize"
+    return ps(field, pid)
+
+
+def ps_vsz(pid):
+    field = "vsz"
+    if AIX:
+        field = "vsize"
+    return ps(field, pid)
+
+
+def df(device):
+    try:
+        out = sh("df -k %s" % device).strip()
+    except RuntimeError as err:
+        if "device busy" in str(err).lower():
+            raise pytest.skip("df returned EBUSY")
+        raise
+    line = out.split('\n')[1]
+    fields = line.split()
+    sys_total = int(fields[1]) * 1024
+    sys_used = int(fields[2]) * 1024
+    sys_free = int(fields[3]) * 1024
+    sys_percent = float(fields[4].replace('%', ''))
+    return (sys_total, sys_used, sys_free, sys_percent)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+class TestProcess(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Compare psutil results against 'ps' command line utility (mainly)."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc(
+            [PYTHON_EXE, "-E", "-O"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE
+        ).pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    def test_ppid(self):
+        ppid_ps = ps('ppid', self.pid)
+        ppid_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).ppid()
+        assert ppid_ps == ppid_psutil
+
+    def test_uid(self):
+        uid_ps = ps('uid', self.pid)
+        uid_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).uids().real
+        assert uid_ps == uid_psutil
+
+    def test_gid(self):
+        gid_ps = ps('rgid', self.pid)
+        gid_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).gids().real
+        assert gid_ps == gid_psutil
+
+    def test_username(self):
+        username_ps = ps('user', self.pid)
+        username_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).username()
+        assert username_ps == username_psutil
+
+    def test_username_no_resolution(self):
+        # Emulate a case where the system can't resolve the uid to
+        # a username in which case psutil is supposed to return
+        # the stringified uid.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock.patch("psutil.pwd.getpwuid", side_effect=KeyError) as fun:
+            assert p.username() == str(p.uids().real)
+            assert fun.called
+
+    @skip_on_access_denied()
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_rss_memory(self):
+        # give python interpreter some time to properly initialize
+        # so that the results are the same
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        rss_ps = ps_rss(self.pid)
+        rss_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_info()[0] / 1024
+        assert rss_ps == rss_psutil
+
+    @skip_on_access_denied()
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_vsz_memory(self):
+        # give python interpreter some time to properly initialize
+        # so that the results are the same
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        vsz_ps = ps_vsz(self.pid)
+        vsz_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_info()[1] / 1024
+        assert vsz_ps == vsz_psutil
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        name_ps = ps_name(self.pid)
+        # remove path if there is any, from the command
+        name_ps = os.path.basename(name_ps).lower()
+        name_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).name().lower()
+        # ...because of how we calculate PYTHON_EXE; on MACOS this may
+        # be "pythonX.Y".
+        name_ps = re.sub(r"\d.\d", "", name_ps)
+        name_psutil = re.sub(r"\d.\d", "", name_psutil)
+        # ...may also be "python.X"
+        name_ps = re.sub(r"\d", "", name_ps)
+        name_psutil = re.sub(r"\d", "", name_psutil)
+        assert name_ps == name_psutil
+
+    def test_name_long(self):
+        # On UNIX the kernel truncates the name to the first 15
+        # characters. In such a case psutil tries to determine the
+        # full name from the cmdline.
+        name = "long-program-name"
+        cmdline = ["long-program-name-extended", "foo", "bar"]
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.name", return_value=name):
+            with mock.patch(
+                "psutil._psplatform.Process.cmdline", return_value=cmdline
+            ):
+                p = psutil.Process()
+                assert p.name() == "long-program-name-extended"
+
+    def test_name_long_cmdline_ad_exc(self):
+        # Same as above but emulates a case where cmdline() raises
+        # AccessDenied in which case psutil is supposed to return
+        # the truncated name instead of crashing.
+        name = "long-program-name"
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.name", return_value=name):
+            with mock.patch(
+                "psutil._psplatform.Process.cmdline",
+                side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied(0, ""),
+            ):
+                p = psutil.Process()
+                assert p.name() == "long-program-name"
+
+    def test_name_long_cmdline_nsp_exc(self):
+        # Same as above but emulates a case where cmdline() raises NSP
+        # which is supposed to propagate.
+        name = "long-program-name"
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.name", return_value=name):
+            with mock.patch(
+                "psutil._psplatform.Process.cmdline",
+                side_effect=psutil.NoSuchProcess(0, ""),
+            ):
+                p = psutil.Process()
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                    p.name()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS or BSD, reason="ps -o start not available")
+    def test_create_time(self):
+        time_ps = ps('start', self.pid)
+        time_psutil = psutil.Process(self.pid).create_time()
+        time_psutil_tstamp = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            time_psutil
+        ).strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+        # sometimes ps shows the time rounded up instead of down, so we check
+        # for both possible values
+        round_time_psutil = round(time_psutil)
+        round_time_psutil_tstamp = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            round_time_psutil
+        ).strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+        assert time_ps in {time_psutil_tstamp, round_time_psutil_tstamp}
+
+    def test_exe(self):
+        ps_pathname = ps_name(self.pid)
+        psutil_pathname = psutil.Process(self.pid).exe()
+        try:
+            assert ps_pathname == psutil_pathname
+        except AssertionError:
+            # certain platforms such as BSD are more accurate returning:
+            # "/usr/local/bin/python2.7"
+            # ...instead of:
+            # "/usr/local/bin/python"
+            # We do not want to consider this difference in accuracy
+            # an error.
+            adjusted_ps_pathname = ps_pathname[: len(ps_pathname)]
+            assert ps_pathname == adjusted_ps_pathname
+
+    # On macOS the official python installer exposes a python wrapper that
+    # executes a python executable hidden inside an application bundle inside
+    # the Python framework.
+    # There's a race condition between the ps call & the psutil call below
+    # depending on the completion of the execve call so let's retry on failure
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        ps_cmdline = ps_args(self.pid)
+        psutil_cmdline = " ".join(psutil.Process(self.pid).cmdline())
+        if AARCH64 and len(ps_cmdline) < len(psutil_cmdline):
+            assert psutil_cmdline.startswith(ps_cmdline)
+        else:
+            assert ps_cmdline == psutil_cmdline
+
+    # On SUNOS "ps" reads niceness /proc/pid/psinfo which returns an
+    # incorrect value (20); the real deal is getpriority(2) which
+    # returns 0; psutil relies on it, see:
+    # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1082
+    # AIX has the same issue
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="not reliable on SUNOS")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(AIX, reason="not reliable on AIX")
+    def test_nice(self):
+        ps_nice = ps('nice', self.pid)
+        psutil_nice = psutil.Process().nice()
+        assert ps_nice == psutil_nice
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+class TestSystemAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Test some system APIs."""
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_pids(self):
+        # Note: this test might fail if the OS is starting/killing
+        # other processes in the meantime
+        pids_ps = sorted(ps("pid"))
+        pids_psutil = psutil.pids()
+
+        # on MACOS and OPENBSD ps doesn't show pid 0
+        if MACOS or (OPENBSD and 0 not in pids_ps):
+            pids_ps.insert(0, 0)
+
+        # There will often be one more process in pids_ps for ps itself
+        if len(pids_ps) - len(pids_psutil) > 1:
+            difference = [x for x in pids_psutil if x not in pids_ps] + [
+                x for x in pids_ps if x not in pids_psutil
+            ]
+            raise self.fail("difference: " + str(difference))
+
+    # for some reason ifconfig -a does not report all interfaces
+    # returned by psutil
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="unreliable on SUNOS")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not which('ifconfig'), reason="no ifconfig cmd")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_nic_names(self):
+        output = sh("ifconfig -a")
+        for nic in psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True):
+            for line in output.split():
+                if line.startswith(nic):
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise self.fail(
+                    "couldn't find %s nic in 'ifconfig -a' output\n%s"
+                    % (nic, output)
+                )
+
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(CI_TESTING and not psutil.users(),
+    #                     reason="unreliable on CI")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_users(self):
+        out = sh("who -u")
+        if not out.strip():
+            raise pytest.skip("no users on this system")
+        lines = out.split('\n')
+        users = [x.split()[0] for x in lines]
+        terminals = [x.split()[1] for x in lines]
+        assert len(users) == len(psutil.users())
+        with self.subTest(psutil=psutil.users(), who=out):
+            for idx, u in enumerate(psutil.users()):
+                assert u.name == users[idx]
+                assert u.terminal == terminals[idx]
+                if u.pid is not None:  # None on OpenBSD
+                    psutil.Process(u.pid)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_users_started(self):
+        out = sh("who -u")
+        if not out.strip():
+            raise pytest.skip("no users on this system")
+        tstamp = None
+        # '2023-04-11 09:31' (Linux)
+        started = re.findall(r"\d\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d", out)
+        if started:
+            tstamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
+        else:
+            # 'Apr 10 22:27' (macOS)
+            started = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z][a-z] \d\d \d\d:\d\d", out)
+            if started:
+                tstamp = "%b %d %H:%M"
+            else:
+                # 'Apr 10'
+                started = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z][a-z] \d\d", out)
+                if started:
+                    tstamp = "%b %d"
+                else:
+                    # 'apr 10' (sunOS)
+                    started = re.findall(r"[a-z][a-z][a-z] \d\d", out)
+                    if started:
+                        tstamp = "%b %d"
+                        started = [x.capitalize() for x in started]
+
+        if not tstamp:
+            raise pytest.skip(
+                "cannot interpret tstamp in who output\n%s" % (out)
+            )
+
+        with self.subTest(psutil=psutil.users(), who=out):
+            for idx, u in enumerate(psutil.users()):
+                psutil_value = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                    u.started
+                ).strftime(tstamp)
+                assert psutil_value == started[idx]
+
+    def test_pid_exists_let_raise(self):
+        # According to "man 2 kill" possible error values for kill
+        # are (EINVAL, EPERM, ESRCH). Test that any other errno
+        # results in an exception.
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psposix.os.kill", side_effect=OSError(errno.EBADF, "")
+        ) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                psutil._psposix.pid_exists(os.getpid())
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_os_waitpid_let_raise(self):
+        # os.waitpid() is supposed to catch EINTR and ECHILD only.
+        # Test that any other errno results in an exception.
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psposix.os.waitpid", side_effect=OSError(errno.EBADF, "")
+        ) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                psutil._psposix.wait_pid(os.getpid())
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_os_waitpid_eintr(self):
+        # os.waitpid() is supposed to "retry" on EINTR.
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psposix.os.waitpid", side_effect=OSError(errno.EINTR, "")
+        ) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(psutil._psposix.TimeoutExpired):
+                psutil._psposix.wait_pid(os.getpid(), timeout=0.01)
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_os_waitpid_bad_ret_status(self):
+        # Simulate os.waitpid() returning a bad status.
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psposix.os.waitpid", return_value=(1, -1)
+        ) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                psutil._psposix.wait_pid(os.getpid())
+            assert m.called
+
+    # AIX can return '-' in df output instead of numbers, e.g. for /proc
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(AIX, reason="unreliable on AIX")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        tolerance = 4 * 1024 * 1024  # 4MB
+        for part in psutil.disk_partitions(all=False):
+            usage = psutil.disk_usage(part.mountpoint)
+            try:
+                sys_total, sys_used, sys_free, sys_percent = df(part.device)
+            except RuntimeError as err:
+                # see:
+                # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/138338464
+                # https://travis-ci.org/giampaolo/psutil/jobs/138343361
+                err = str(err).lower()
+                if (
+                    "no such file or directory" in err
+                    or "raw devices not supported" in err
+                    or "permission denied" in err
+                ):
+                    continue
+                raise
+            else:
+                assert abs(usage.total - sys_total) < tolerance
+                assert abs(usage.used - sys_used) < tolerance
+                assert abs(usage.free - sys_free) < tolerance
+                assert abs(usage.percent - sys_percent) <= 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+class TestMisc(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_getpagesize(self):
+        pagesize = getpagesize()
+        assert pagesize > 0
+        assert pagesize == resource.getpagesize()
+        assert pagesize == mmap.PAGESIZE
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76dcbbf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1747 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Tests for psutil.Process class."""
+
+import collections
+import errno
+import getpass
+import itertools
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import stat
+import string
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import time
+import types
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import OSX
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._common import open_text
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import long
+from psutil._compat import redirect_stderr
+from psutil._compat import super
+from psutil.tests import APPVEYOR
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import GITHUB_ACTIONS
+from psutil.tests import GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_AFFINITY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_ENVIRON
+from psutil.tests import HAS_IONICE
+from psutil.tests import HAS_MEMORY_MAPS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM
+from psutil.tests import HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_RLIMIT
+from psutil.tests import HAS_THREADS
+from psutil.tests import MACOS_11PLUS
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE_ENV
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import ThreadTask
+from psutil.tests import call_until
+from psutil.tests import copyload_shared_lib
+from psutil.tests import create_c_exe
+from psutil.tests import create_py_exe
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import process_namespace
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import reap_children
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_access_denied
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_not_implemented
+from psutil.tests import wait_for_pid
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- psutil.Process class tests
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestProcess(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Tests for psutil.Process class."""
+
+    def spawn_psproc(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc(*args, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            return psutil.Process(sproc.pid)
+        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+            self.assertPidGone(sproc.pid)
+            raise
+
+    # ---
+
+    def test_pid(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        assert p.pid == os.getpid()
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            p.pid = 33
+
+    def test_kill(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.kill()
+        code = p.wait()
+        if WINDOWS:
+            assert code == signal.SIGTERM
+        else:
+            assert code == -signal.SIGKILL
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+    def test_terminate(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.terminate()
+        code = p.wait()
+        if WINDOWS:
+            assert code == signal.SIGTERM
+        else:
+            assert code == -signal.SIGTERM
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+    def test_send_signal(self):
+        sig = signal.SIGKILL if POSIX else signal.SIGTERM
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.send_signal(sig)
+        code = p.wait()
+        if WINDOWS:
+            assert code == sig
+        else:
+            assert code == -sig
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="not POSIX")
+    def test_send_signal_mocked(self):
+        sig = signal.SIGTERM
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.os.kill', side_effect=OSError(errno.ESRCH, "")
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                p.send_signal(sig)
+
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.os.kill', side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "")
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                p.send_signal(sig)
+
+    def test_wait_exited(self):
+        # Test waitpid() + WIFEXITED -> WEXITSTATUS.
+        # normal return, same as exit(0)
+        cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, "-c", "pass"]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmd)
+        code = p.wait()
+        assert code == 0
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+        # exit(1), implicit in case of error
+        cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, "-c", "1 / 0"]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmd, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        code = p.wait()
+        assert code == 1
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+        # via sys.exit()
+        cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, "-c", "import sys; sys.exit(5);"]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmd)
+        code = p.wait()
+        assert code == 5
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+        # via os._exit()
+        cmd = [PYTHON_EXE, "-c", "import os; os._exit(5);"]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmd)
+        code = p.wait()
+        assert code == 5
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(NETBSD, reason="fails on NETBSD")
+    def test_wait_stopped(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        if POSIX:
+            # Test waitpid() + WIFSTOPPED and WIFCONTINUED.
+            # Note: if a process is stopped it ignores SIGTERM.
+            p.send_signal(signal.SIGSTOP)
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+                p.wait(timeout=0.001)
+            p.send_signal(signal.SIGCONT)
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+                p.wait(timeout=0.001)
+            p.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
+            assert p.wait() == -signal.SIGTERM
+            assert p.wait() == -signal.SIGTERM
+        else:
+            p.suspend()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+                p.wait(timeout=0.001)
+            p.resume()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+                p.wait(timeout=0.001)
+            p.terminate()
+            assert p.wait() == signal.SIGTERM
+            assert p.wait() == signal.SIGTERM
+
+    def test_wait_non_children(self):
+        # Test wait() against a process which is not our direct
+        # child.
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+            child.wait(0.01)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+            grandchild.wait(0.01)
+        # We also terminate the direct child otherwise the
+        # grandchild will hang until the parent is gone.
+        child.terminate()
+        grandchild.terminate()
+        child_ret = child.wait()
+        grandchild_ret = grandchild.wait()
+        if POSIX:
+            assert child_ret == -signal.SIGTERM
+            # For processes which are not our children we're supposed
+            # to get None.
+            assert grandchild_ret is None
+        else:
+            assert child_ret == signal.SIGTERM
+            assert child_ret == signal.SIGTERM
+
+    def test_wait_timeout(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.name()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+            p.wait(0.01)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+            p.wait(0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.wait(-1)
+
+    def test_wait_timeout_nonblocking(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.TimeoutExpired):
+            p.wait(0)
+        p.kill()
+        stop_at = time.time() + GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+        while time.time() < stop_at:
+            try:
+                code = p.wait(0)
+                break
+            except psutil.TimeoutExpired:
+                pass
+        else:
+            raise self.fail('timeout')
+        if POSIX:
+            assert code == -signal.SIGKILL
+        else:
+            assert code == signal.SIGTERM
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+    def test_cpu_percent(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        p.cpu_percent(interval=0.001)
+        p.cpu_percent(interval=0.001)
+        for _ in range(100):
+            percent = p.cpu_percent(interval=None)
+            assert isinstance(percent, float)
+            assert percent >= 0.0
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.cpu_percent(interval=-1)
+
+    def test_cpu_percent_numcpus_none(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1087
+        with mock.patch('psutil.cpu_count', return_value=None) as m:
+            psutil.Process().cpu_percent()
+            assert m.called
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        times = psutil.Process().cpu_times()
+        assert times.user >= 0.0, times
+        assert times.system >= 0.0, times
+        assert times.children_user >= 0.0, times
+        assert times.children_system >= 0.0, times
+        if LINUX:
+            assert times.iowait >= 0.0, times
+        # make sure returned values can be pretty printed with strftime
+        for name in times._fields:
+            time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(getattr(times, name)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_cpu_times_2(self):
+        user_time, kernel_time = psutil.Process().cpu_times()[:2]
+        utime, ktime = os.times()[:2]
+
+        # Use os.times()[:2] as base values to compare our results
+        # using a tolerance  of +/- 0.1 seconds.
+        # It will fail if the difference between the values is > 0.1s.
+        if (max([user_time, utime]) - min([user_time, utime])) > 0.1:
+            raise self.fail("expected: %s, found: %s" % (utime, user_time))
+
+        if (max([kernel_time, ktime]) - min([kernel_time, ktime])) > 0.1:
+            raise self.fail("expected: %s, found: %s" % (ktime, kernel_time))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PROC_CPU_NUM, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_num(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        num = p.cpu_num()
+        assert num >= 0
+        if psutil.cpu_count() == 1:
+            assert num == 0
+        assert p.cpu_num() in range(psutil.cpu_count())
+
+    def test_create_time(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        now = time.time()
+        create_time = p.create_time()
+
+        # Use time.time() as base value to compare our result using a
+        # tolerance of +/- 1 second.
+        # It will fail if the difference between the values is > 2s.
+        difference = abs(create_time - now)
+        if difference > 2:
+            raise self.fail(
+                "expected: %s, found: %s, difference: %s"
+                % (now, create_time, difference)
+            )
+
+        # make sure returned value can be pretty printed with strftime
+        time.strftime("%Y %m %d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(p.create_time()))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_terminal(self):
+        terminal = psutil.Process().terminal()
+        if terminal is not None:
+            try:
+                tty = os.path.realpath(sh('tty'))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                # Note: happens if pytest is run without the `-s` opt.
+                raise pytest.skip("can't rely on `tty` CLI")
+            else:
+                assert terminal == tty
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PROC_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    @skip_on_not_implemented(only_if=LINUX)
+    def test_io_counters(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        # test reads
+        io1 = p.io_counters()
+        with open(PYTHON_EXE, 'rb') as f:
+            f.read()
+        io2 = p.io_counters()
+        if not BSD and not AIX:
+            assert io2.read_count > io1.read_count
+            assert io2.write_count == io1.write_count
+            if LINUX:
+                assert io2.read_chars > io1.read_chars
+                assert io2.write_chars == io1.write_chars
+        else:
+            assert io2.read_bytes >= io1.read_bytes
+            assert io2.write_bytes >= io1.write_bytes
+
+        # test writes
+        io1 = p.io_counters()
+        with open(self.get_testfn(), 'wb') as f:
+            if PY3:
+                f.write(bytes("x" * 1000000, 'ascii'))
+            else:
+                f.write("x" * 1000000)
+        io2 = p.io_counters()
+        assert io2.write_count >= io1.write_count
+        assert io2.write_bytes >= io1.write_bytes
+        assert io2.read_count >= io1.read_count
+        assert io2.read_bytes >= io1.read_bytes
+        if LINUX:
+            assert io2.write_chars > io1.write_chars
+            assert io2.read_chars >= io1.read_chars
+
+        # sanity check
+        for i in range(len(io2)):
+            if BSD and i >= 2:
+                # On BSD read_bytes and write_bytes are always set to -1.
+                continue
+            assert io2[i] >= 0
+            assert io2[i] >= 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_IONICE, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="linux only")
+    def test_ionice_linux(self):
+        def cleanup(init):
+            ioclass, value = init
+            if ioclass == psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE:
+                value = 0
+            p.ionice(ioclass, value)
+
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        if not CI_TESTING:
+            assert p.ionice()[0] == psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE
+        assert psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE == 0
+        assert psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_RT == 1  # high
+        assert psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE == 2  # normal
+        assert psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE == 3  # low
+        init = p.ionice()
+        self.addCleanup(cleanup, init)
+
+        # low
+        p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE)
+        assert tuple(p.ionice()) == (psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):  # accepts no value
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE, value=7)
+        # normal
+        p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE)
+        assert tuple(p.ionice()) == (psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0)
+        p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, value=7)
+        assert tuple(p.ionice()) == (psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 7)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, value=8)
+        try:
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_RT, value=7)
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:
+            pass
+        # errs
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ioclass accepts no value"):
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ioclass accepts no value"):
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match="'ioclass' argument must be specified"
+        ):
+            p.ionice(value=1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_IONICE, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not WINDOWS, reason="not supported on this win version"
+    )
+    def test_ionice_win(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        if not CI_TESTING:
+            assert p.ionice() == psutil.IOPRIO_NORMAL
+        init = p.ionice()
+        self.addCleanup(p.ionice, init)
+
+        # base
+        p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_VERYLOW)
+        assert p.ionice() == psutil.IOPRIO_VERYLOW
+        p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_LOW)
+        assert p.ionice() == psutil.IOPRIO_LOW
+        try:
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_HIGH)
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert p.ionice() == psutil.IOPRIO_HIGH
+        # errs
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError, match="value argument not accepted on Windows"
+        ):
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_NORMAL, value=1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="is not a valid priority"):
+            p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_HIGH + 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_get(self):
+        import resource
+
+        p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
+        names = [x for x in dir(psutil) if x.startswith('RLIMIT')]
+        assert names, names
+        for name in names:
+            value = getattr(psutil, name)
+            assert value >= 0
+            if name in dir(resource):
+                assert value == getattr(resource, name)
+                # XXX - On PyPy RLIMIT_INFINITY returned by
+                # resource.getrlimit() is reported as a very big long
+                # number instead of -1. It looks like a bug with PyPy.
+                if PYPY:
+                    continue
+                assert p.rlimit(value) == resource.getrlimit(value)
+            else:
+                ret = p.rlimit(value)
+                assert len(ret) == 2
+                assert ret[0] >= -1
+                assert ret[1] >= -1
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_set(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (5, 5))
+        assert p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE) == (5, 5)
+        # If pid is 0 prlimit() applies to the calling process and
+        # we don't want that.
+        if LINUX:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="can't use prlimit"):
+                psutil._psplatform.Process(0).rlimit(0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (5, 5, 5))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        soft, hard = p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE)
+        try:
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (1024, hard))
+            with open(testfn, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(b"X" * 1024)
+            # write() or flush() doesn't always cause the exception
+            # but close() will.
+            with pytest.raises(IOError) as exc:
+                with open(testfn, "wb") as f:
+                    f.write(b"X" * 1025)
+            assert (exc.value.errno if PY3 else exc.value[0]) == errno.EFBIG
+        finally:
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (soft, hard))
+            assert p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE) == (soft, hard)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_infinity(self):
+        # First set a limit, then re-set it by specifying INFINITY
+        # and assume we overridden the previous limit.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        soft, hard = p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE)
+        try:
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (1024, hard))
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (psutil.RLIM_INFINITY, hard))
+            with open(self.get_testfn(), "wb") as f:
+                f.write(b"X" * 2048)
+        finally:
+            p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (soft, hard))
+            assert p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE) == (soft, hard)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_RLIMIT, reason="not supported")
+    def test_rlimit_infinity_value(self):
+        # RLIMIT_FSIZE should be RLIM_INFINITY, which will be a really
+        # big number on a platform with large file support.  On these
+        # platforms we need to test that the get/setrlimit functions
+        # properly convert the number to a C long long and that the
+        # conversion doesn't raise an error.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        soft, hard = p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE)
+        assert hard == psutil.RLIM_INFINITY
+        p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_FSIZE, (soft, hard))
+
+    def test_num_threads(self):
+        # on certain platforms such as Linux we might test for exact
+        # thread number, since we always have with 1 thread per process,
+        # but this does not apply across all platforms (MACOS, Windows)
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        if OPENBSD:
+            try:
+                step1 = p.num_threads()
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                raise pytest.skip("on OpenBSD this requires root access")
+        else:
+            step1 = p.num_threads()
+
+        with ThreadTask():
+            step2 = p.num_threads()
+            assert step2 == step1 + 1
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+    def test_num_handles(self):
+        # a better test is done later into test/_windows.py
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        assert p.num_handles() > 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_THREADS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_threads(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        if OPENBSD:
+            try:
+                step1 = p.threads()
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                raise pytest.skip("on OpenBSD this requires root access")
+        else:
+            step1 = p.threads()
+
+        with ThreadTask():
+            step2 = p.threads()
+            assert len(step2) == len(step1) + 1
+            athread = step2[0]
+            # test named tuple
+            assert athread.id == athread[0]
+            assert athread.user_time == athread[1]
+            assert athread.system_time == athread[2]
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    @skip_on_access_denied(only_if=MACOS)
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_THREADS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_threads_2(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        if OPENBSD:
+            try:
+                p.threads()
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                raise pytest.skip("on OpenBSD this requires root access")
+        assert (
+            abs(p.cpu_times().user - sum([x.user_time for x in p.threads()]))
+            < 0.1
+        )
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                p.cpu_times().system
+                - sum([x.system_time for x in p.threads()])
+            )
+            < 0.1
+        )
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_memory_info(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+
+        # step 1 - get a base value to compare our results
+        rss1, vms1 = p.memory_info()[:2]
+        percent1 = p.memory_percent()
+        assert rss1 > 0
+        assert vms1 > 0
+
+        # step 2 - allocate some memory
+        memarr = [None] * 1500000
+
+        rss2, vms2 = p.memory_info()[:2]
+        percent2 = p.memory_percent()
+
+        # step 3 - make sure that the memory usage bumped up
+        assert rss2 > rss1
+        assert vms2 >= vms1  # vms might be equal
+        assert percent2 > percent1
+        del memarr
+
+        if WINDOWS:
+            mem = p.memory_info()
+            assert mem.rss == mem.wset
+            assert mem.vms == mem.pagefile
+
+        mem = p.memory_info()
+        for name in mem._fields:
+            assert getattr(mem, name) >= 0
+
+    def test_memory_full_info(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        total = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        mem = p.memory_full_info()
+        for name in mem._fields:
+            value = getattr(mem, name)
+            assert value >= 0
+            if name == 'vms' and OSX or LINUX:
+                continue
+            assert value <= total
+        if LINUX or WINDOWS or MACOS:
+            assert mem.uss >= 0
+        if LINUX:
+            assert mem.pss >= 0
+            assert mem.swap >= 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_MEMORY_MAPS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_memory_maps(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        maps = p.memory_maps()
+        assert len(maps) == len(set(maps))
+        ext_maps = p.memory_maps(grouped=False)
+
+        for nt in maps:
+            if not nt.path.startswith('['):
+                if QEMU_USER and "/bin/qemu-" in nt.path:
+                    continue
+                assert os.path.isabs(nt.path), nt.path
+                if POSIX:
+                    try:
+                        assert os.path.exists(nt.path) or os.path.islink(
+                            nt.path
+                        ), nt.path
+                    except AssertionError:
+                        if not LINUX:
+                            raise
+                        else:
+                            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/759
+                            with open_text('/proc/self/smaps') as f:
+                                data = f.read()
+                            if "%s (deleted)" % nt.path not in data:
+                                raise
+                elif '64' not in os.path.basename(nt.path):
+                    # XXX - On Windows we have this strange behavior with
+                    # 64 bit dlls: they are visible via explorer but cannot
+                    # be accessed via os.stat() (wtf?).
+                    try:
+                        st = os.stat(nt.path)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        assert stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode), nt.path
+        for nt in ext_maps:
+            for fname in nt._fields:
+                value = getattr(nt, fname)
+                if fname == 'path':
+                    continue
+                if fname in {'addr', 'perms'}:
+                    assert value, value
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+                    assert value >= 0, value
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_MEMORY_MAPS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_memory_maps_lists_lib(self):
+        # Make sure a newly loaded shared lib is listed.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with copyload_shared_lib() as path:
+
+            def normpath(p):
+                return os.path.realpath(os.path.normcase(p))
+
+            libpaths = [normpath(x.path) for x in p.memory_maps()]
+            assert normpath(path) in libpaths
+
+    def test_memory_percent(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        p.memory_percent()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.memory_percent(memtype="?!?")
+        if LINUX or MACOS or WINDOWS:
+            p.memory_percent(memtype='uss')
+
+    def test_is_running(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        assert p.is_running()
+        assert p.is_running()
+        p.kill()
+        p.wait()
+        assert not p.is_running()
+        assert not p.is_running()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_exe(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        exe = p.exe()
+        try:
+            assert exe == PYTHON_EXE
+        except AssertionError:
+            if WINDOWS and len(exe) == len(PYTHON_EXE):
+                # on Windows we don't care about case sensitivity
+                normcase = os.path.normcase
+                assert normcase(exe) == normcase(PYTHON_EXE)
+            else:
+                # certain platforms such as BSD are more accurate returning:
+                # "/usr/local/bin/python2.7"
+                # ...instead of:
+                # "/usr/local/bin/python"
+                # We do not want to consider this difference in accuracy
+                # an error.
+                ver = "%s.%s" % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
+                try:
+                    assert exe.replace(ver, '') == PYTHON_EXE.replace(ver, '')
+                except AssertionError:
+                    # Typically MACOS. Really not sure what to do here.
+                    pass
+
+        out = sh([exe, "-c", "import os; print('hey')"])
+        assert out == 'hey'
+
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        cmdline = [
+            PYTHON_EXE,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+        ]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmdline)
+
+        if NETBSD and p.cmdline() == []:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2250
+            raise pytest.skip("OPENBSD: returned EBUSY")
+
+        # XXX - most of the times the underlying sysctl() call on Net
+        # and Open BSD returns a truncated string.
+        # Also /proc/pid/cmdline behaves the same so it looks
+        # like this is a kernel bug.
+        # XXX - AIX truncates long arguments in /proc/pid/cmdline
+        if NETBSD or OPENBSD or AIX:
+            assert p.cmdline()[0] == PYTHON_EXE
+        else:
+            if MACOS and CI_TESTING:
+                pyexe = p.cmdline()[0]
+                if pyexe != PYTHON_EXE:
+                    assert ' '.join(p.cmdline()[1:]) == ' '.join(cmdline[1:])
+                    return
+            if QEMU_USER:
+                assert ' '.join(p.cmdline()[2:]) == ' '.join(cmdline)
+                return
+            assert ' '.join(p.cmdline()) == ' '.join(cmdline)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="broken on PYPY")
+    def test_long_cmdline(self):
+        cmdline = [PYTHON_EXE]
+        cmdline.extend(["-v"] * 50)
+        cmdline.extend(
+            ["-c", "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]"]
+        )
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmdline)
+        if OPENBSD:
+            # XXX: for some reason the test process may turn into a
+            # zombie (don't know why).
+            try:
+                assert p.cmdline() == cmdline
+            except psutil.ZombieProcess:
+                raise pytest.skip("OPENBSD: process turned into zombie")
+        elif QEMU_USER:
+            assert p.cmdline()[2:] == cmdline
+        else:
+            ret = p.cmdline()
+            if NETBSD and ret == []:
+                # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2250
+                raise pytest.skip("OPENBSD: returned EBUSY")
+            assert ret == cmdline
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        name = p.name().lower()
+        pyexe = os.path.basename(os.path.realpath(sys.executable)).lower()
+        assert pyexe.startswith(name), (pyexe, name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY or QEMU_USER, reason="unreliable on PYPY")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="unreliable on QEMU user")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS and not PY3, reason="broken MACOS + PY2")
+    def test_long_name(self):
+        pyexe = create_py_exe(self.get_testfn(suffix=string.digits * 2))
+        cmdline = [
+            pyexe,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+        ]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmdline)
+        if OPENBSD:
+            # XXX: for some reason the test process may turn into a
+            # zombie (don't know why). Because the name() is long, all
+            # UNIX kernels truncate it to 15 chars, so internally psutil
+            # tries to guess the full name() from the cmdline(). But the
+            # cmdline() of a zombie on OpenBSD fails (internally), so we
+            # just compare the first 15 chars. Full explanation:
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2239
+            try:
+                assert p.name() == os.path.basename(pyexe)
+            except AssertionError:
+                if p.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE:
+                    assert os.path.basename(pyexe).startswith(p.name())
+                else:
+                    raise
+        else:
+            assert p.name() == os.path.basename(pyexe)
+
+    # XXX: fails too often
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="broken on SUNOS")
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(AIX, reason="broken on AIX")
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="broken on PYPY")
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(SUNOS, reason="broken on SUNOS")
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS and not PY3, reason="broken MACOS + PY2")
+    # @retry_on_failure()
+    # def test_prog_w_funky_name(self):
+    #     # Test that name(), exe() and cmdline() correctly handle programs
+    #     # with funky chars such as spaces and ")", see:
+    #     # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/628
+    #     pyexe = create_py_exe(self.get_testfn(suffix='foo bar )'))
+    #     cmdline = [
+    #         pyexe,
+    #         "-c",
+    #         "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+    #     ]
+    #     p = self.spawn_psproc(cmdline)
+    #     assert p.cmdline() == cmdline
+    #     assert p.name() == os.path.basename(pyexe)
+    #     assert os.path.normcase(p.exe()) == os.path.normcase(pyexe)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_uids(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        real, effective, _saved = p.uids()
+        # os.getuid() refers to "real" uid
+        assert real == os.getuid()
+        # os.geteuid() refers to "effective" uid
+        assert effective == os.geteuid()
+        # No such thing as os.getsuid() ("saved" uid), but starting
+        # from python 2.7 we have os.getresuid() which returns all
+        # of them.
+        if hasattr(os, "getresuid"):
+            assert os.getresuid() == p.uids()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_gids(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        real, effective, _saved = p.gids()
+        # os.getuid() refers to "real" uid
+        assert real == os.getgid()
+        # os.geteuid() refers to "effective" uid
+        assert effective == os.getegid()
+        # No such thing as os.getsgid() ("saved" gid), but starting
+        # from python 2.7 we have os.getresgid() which returns all
+        # of them.
+        if hasattr(os, "getresuid"):
+            assert os.getresgid() == p.gids()
+
+    def test_nice(self):
+        def cleanup(init):
+            try:
+                p.nice(init)
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                pass
+
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            p.nice("str")
+        init = p.nice()
+        self.addCleanup(cleanup, init)
+
+        if WINDOWS:
+            highest_prio = None
+            for prio in [
+                psutil.IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                psutil.BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                psutil.NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                psutil.ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                psutil.HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                psutil.REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+            ]:
+                with self.subTest(prio=prio):
+                    try:
+                        p.nice(prio)
+                    except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        new_prio = p.nice()
+                        # The OS may limit our maximum priority,
+                        # even if the function succeeds. For higher
+                        # priorities, we match either the expected
+                        # value or the highest so far.
+                        if prio in {
+                            psutil.ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                            psutil.HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                            psutil.REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS,
+                        }:
+                            if new_prio == prio or highest_prio is None:
+                                highest_prio = prio
+                                assert new_prio == highest_prio
+                        else:
+                            assert new_prio == prio
+        else:
+            try:
+                if hasattr(os, "getpriority"):
+                    assert (
+                        os.getpriority(os.PRIO_PROCESS, os.getpid())
+                        == p.nice()
+                    )
+                p.nice(1)
+                assert p.nice() == 1
+                if hasattr(os, "getpriority"):
+                    assert (
+                        os.getpriority(os.PRIO_PROCESS, os.getpid())
+                        == p.nice()
+                    )
+                # XXX - going back to previous nice value raises
+                # AccessDenied on MACOS
+                if not MACOS:
+                    p.nice(0)
+                    assert p.nice() == 0
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                pass
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_status(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        assert p.status() == psutil.STATUS_RUNNING
+
+    def test_username(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        username = p.username()
+        if WINDOWS:
+            domain, username = username.split('\\')
+            getpass_user = getpass.getuser()
+            if getpass_user.endswith('$'):
+                # When running as a service account (most likely to be
+                # NetworkService), these user name calculations don't produce
+                # the same result, causing the test to fail.
+                raise pytest.skip('running as service account')
+            assert username == getpass_user
+            if 'USERDOMAIN' in os.environ:
+                assert domain == os.environ['USERDOMAIN']
+        else:
+            assert username == getpass.getuser()
+
+    def test_cwd(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        assert p.cwd() == os.getcwd()
+
+    def test_cwd_2(self):
+        cmd = [
+            PYTHON_EXE,
+            "-c",
+            (
+                "import os, time; os.chdir('..'); [time.sleep(0.1) for x in"
+                " range(100)]"
+            ),
+        ]
+        p = self.spawn_psproc(cmd)
+        call_until(lambda: p.cwd() == os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_AFFINITY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_affinity(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        initial = p.cpu_affinity()
+        assert initial, initial
+        self.addCleanup(p.cpu_affinity, initial)
+
+        if hasattr(os, "sched_getaffinity"):
+            assert initial == list(os.sched_getaffinity(p.pid))
+        assert len(initial) == len(set(initial))
+
+        all_cpus = list(range(len(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True))))
+        for n in all_cpus:
+            p.cpu_affinity([n])
+            assert p.cpu_affinity() == [n]
+            if hasattr(os, "sched_getaffinity"):
+                assert p.cpu_affinity() == list(os.sched_getaffinity(p.pid))
+            # also test num_cpu()
+            if hasattr(p, "num_cpu"):
+                assert p.cpu_affinity()[0] == p.num_cpu()
+
+        # [] is an alias for "all eligible CPUs"; on Linux this may
+        # not be equal to all available CPUs, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/956
+        p.cpu_affinity([])
+        if LINUX:
+            assert p.cpu_affinity() == p._proc._get_eligible_cpus()
+        else:
+            assert p.cpu_affinity() == all_cpus
+        if hasattr(os, "sched_getaffinity"):
+            assert p.cpu_affinity() == list(os.sched_getaffinity(p.pid))
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            p.cpu_affinity(1)
+        p.cpu_affinity(initial)
+        # it should work with all iterables, not only lists
+        p.cpu_affinity(set(all_cpus))
+        p.cpu_affinity(tuple(all_cpus))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_AFFINITY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_affinity_errs(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        invalid_cpu = [len(psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)) + 10]
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.cpu_affinity(invalid_cpu)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.cpu_affinity(range(10000, 11000))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            p.cpu_affinity([0, "1"])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.cpu_affinity([0, -1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_AFFINITY, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_affinity_all_combinations(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        initial = p.cpu_affinity()
+        assert initial, initial
+        self.addCleanup(p.cpu_affinity, initial)
+
+        # All possible CPU set combinations.
+        if len(initial) > 12:
+            initial = initial[:12]  # ...otherwise it will take forever
+        combos = []
+        for i in range(len(initial) + 1):
+            for subset in itertools.combinations(initial, i):
+                if subset:
+                    combos.append(list(subset))
+
+        for combo in combos:
+            p.cpu_affinity(combo)
+            assert sorted(p.cpu_affinity()) == sorted(combo)
+
+    # TODO: #595
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(BSD, reason="broken on BSD")
+    # can't find any process file on Appveyor
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(APPVEYOR, reason="unreliable on APPVEYOR")
+    def test_open_files(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        files = p.open_files()
+        assert testfn not in files
+        with open(testfn, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b'x' * 1024)
+            f.flush()
+            # give the kernel some time to see the new file
+            call_until(lambda: len(p.open_files()) != len(files))
+            files = p.open_files()
+            filenames = [os.path.normcase(x.path) for x in files]
+            assert os.path.normcase(testfn) in filenames
+            if LINUX:
+                for file in files:
+                    if file.path == testfn:
+                        assert file.position == 1024
+        for file in files:
+            assert os.path.isfile(file.path), file
+
+        # another process
+        cmdline = (
+            "import time; f = open(r'%s', 'r'); [time.sleep(0.1) for x in"
+            " range(100)];" % testfn
+        )
+        p = self.spawn_psproc([PYTHON_EXE, "-c", cmdline])
+
+        for x in range(100):
+            filenames = [os.path.normcase(x.path) for x in p.open_files()]
+            if testfn in filenames:
+                break
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+        else:
+            assert os.path.normcase(testfn) in filenames
+        for file in filenames:
+            assert os.path.isfile(file), file
+
+    # TODO: #595
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(BSD, reason="broken on BSD")
+    # can't find any process file on Appveyor
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(APPVEYOR, reason="unreliable on APPVEYOR")
+    def test_open_files_2(self):
+        # test fd and path fields
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        normcase = os.path.normcase
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, 'w') as fileobj:
+            for file in p.open_files():
+                if (
+                    normcase(file.path) == normcase(fileobj.name)
+                    or file.fd == fileobj.fileno()
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise self.fail(
+                    "no file found; files=%s" % (repr(p.open_files()))
+                )
+            assert normcase(file.path) == normcase(fileobj.name)
+            if WINDOWS:
+                assert file.fd == -1
+            else:
+                assert file.fd == fileobj.fileno()
+            # test positions
+            ntuple = p.open_files()[0]
+            assert ntuple[0] == ntuple.path
+            assert ntuple[1] == ntuple.fd
+            # test file is gone
+            assert fileobj.name not in p.open_files()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_num_fds(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        start = p.num_fds()
+        file = open(testfn, 'w')
+        self.addCleanup(file.close)
+        assert p.num_fds() == start + 1
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        self.addCleanup(sock.close)
+        assert p.num_fds() == start + 2
+        file.close()
+        sock.close()
+        assert p.num_fds() == start
+
+    @skip_on_not_implemented(only_if=LINUX)
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        OPENBSD or NETBSD, reason="not reliable on OPENBSD & NETBSD"
+    )
+    def test_num_ctx_switches(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        before = sum(p.num_ctx_switches())
+        for _ in range(2):
+            time.sleep(0.05)  # this shall ensure a context switch happens
+            after = sum(p.num_ctx_switches())
+            if after > before:
+                return
+        raise self.fail("num ctx switches still the same after 2 iterations")
+
+    def test_ppid(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        if hasattr(os, 'getppid'):
+            assert p.ppid() == os.getppid()
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        assert p.ppid() == os.getpid()
+
+    def test_parent(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        assert p.parent().pid == os.getpid()
+
+        lowest_pid = psutil.pids()[0]
+        assert psutil.Process(lowest_pid).parent() is None
+
+    def test_parent_multi(self):
+        parent = psutil.Process()
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        assert grandchild.parent() == child
+        assert child.parent() == parent
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_parents(self):
+        parent = psutil.Process()
+        assert parent.parents()
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        assert child.parents()[0] == parent
+        assert grandchild.parents()[0] == child
+        assert grandchild.parents()[1] == parent
+
+    def test_children(self):
+        parent = psutil.Process()
+        assert parent.children() == []
+        assert parent.children(recursive=True) == []
+        # On Windows we set the flag to 0 in order to cancel out the
+        # CREATE_NO_WINDOW flag (enabled by default) which creates
+        # an extra "conhost.exe" child.
+        child = self.spawn_psproc(creationflags=0)
+        children1 = parent.children()
+        children2 = parent.children(recursive=True)
+        for children in (children1, children2):
+            assert len(children) == 1
+            assert children[0].pid == child.pid
+            assert children[0].ppid() == parent.pid
+
+    def test_children_recursive(self):
+        # Test children() against two sub processes, p1 and p2, where
+        # p1 (our child) spawned p2 (our grandchild).
+        parent = psutil.Process()
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        assert parent.children() == [child]
+        assert parent.children(recursive=True) == [child, grandchild]
+        # If the intermediate process is gone there's no way for
+        # children() to recursively find it.
+        child.terminate()
+        child.wait()
+        assert parent.children(recursive=True) == []
+
+    def test_children_duplicates(self):
+        # find the process which has the highest number of children
+        table = collections.defaultdict(int)
+        for p in psutil.process_iter():
+            try:
+                table[p.ppid()] += 1
+            except psutil.Error:
+                pass
+        # this is the one, now let's make sure there are no duplicates
+        pid = sorted(table.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])[-1][0]
+        if LINUX and pid == 0:
+            raise pytest.skip("PID 0")
+        p = psutil.Process(pid)
+        try:
+            c = p.children(recursive=True)
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:  # windows
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert len(c) == len(set(c))
+
+    def test_parents_and_children(self):
+        parent = psutil.Process()
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        # forward
+        children = parent.children(recursive=True)
+        assert len(children) == 2
+        assert children[0] == child
+        assert children[1] == grandchild
+        # backward
+        parents = grandchild.parents()
+        assert parents[0] == child
+        assert parents[1] == parent
+
+    def test_suspend_resume(self):
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.suspend()
+        for _ in range(100):
+            if p.status() == psutil.STATUS_STOPPED:
+                break
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+        p.resume()
+        assert p.status() != psutil.STATUS_STOPPED
+
+    def test_invalid_pid(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            psutil.Process("1")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.Process(-1)
+
+    def test_as_dict(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        d = p.as_dict(attrs=['exe', 'name'])
+        assert sorted(d.keys()) == ['exe', 'name']
+
+        p = psutil.Process(min(psutil.pids()))
+        d = p.as_dict(attrs=['net_connections'], ad_value='foo')
+        if not isinstance(d['net_connections'], list):
+            assert d['net_connections'] == 'foo'
+
+        # Test ad_value is set on AccessDenied.
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.Process.nice', create=True, side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied
+        ):
+            assert p.as_dict(attrs=["nice"], ad_value=1) == {"nice": 1}
+
+        # Test that NoSuchProcess bubbles up.
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.Process.nice',
+            create=True,
+            side_effect=psutil.NoSuchProcess(p.pid, "name"),
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                p.as_dict(attrs=["nice"])
+
+        # Test that ZombieProcess is swallowed.
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.Process.nice',
+            create=True,
+            side_effect=psutil.ZombieProcess(p.pid, "name"),
+        ):
+            assert p.as_dict(attrs=["nice"], ad_value="foo") == {"nice": "foo"}
+
+        # By default APIs raising NotImplementedError are
+        # supposed to be skipped.
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.Process.nice', create=True, side_effect=NotImplementedError
+        ):
+            d = p.as_dict()
+            assert 'nice' not in list(d.keys())
+            # ...unless the user explicitly asked for some attr.
+            with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+                p.as_dict(attrs=["nice"])
+
+        # errors
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            p.as_dict('name')
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.as_dict(['foo'])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.as_dict(['foo', 'bar'])
+
+    def test_oneshot(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times") as m:
+            with p.oneshot():
+                p.cpu_times()
+                p.cpu_times()
+            assert m.call_count == 1
+
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times") as m:
+            p.cpu_times()
+            p.cpu_times()
+        assert m.call_count == 2
+
+    def test_oneshot_twice(self):
+        # Test the case where the ctx manager is __enter__ed twice.
+        # The second __enter__ is supposed to resut in a NOOP.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times") as m1:
+            with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.oneshot_enter") as m2:
+                with p.oneshot():
+                    p.cpu_times()
+                    p.cpu_times()
+                    with p.oneshot():
+                        p.cpu_times()
+                        p.cpu_times()
+                assert m1.call_count == 1
+                assert m2.call_count == 1
+
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times") as m:
+            p.cpu_times()
+            p.cpu_times()
+        assert m.call_count == 2
+
+    def test_oneshot_cache(self):
+        # Make sure oneshot() cache is nonglobal. Instead it's
+        # supposed to be bound to the Process instance, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1373
+        p1, p2 = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        p1_ppid = p1.ppid()
+        p2_ppid = p2.ppid()
+        assert p1_ppid != p2_ppid
+        with p1.oneshot():
+            assert p1.ppid() == p1_ppid
+            assert p2.ppid() == p2_ppid
+        with p2.oneshot():
+            assert p1.ppid() == p1_ppid
+            assert p2.ppid() == p2_ppid
+
+    def test_halfway_terminated_process(self):
+        # Test that NoSuchProcess exception gets raised in case the
+        # process dies after we create the Process object.
+        # Example:
+        # >>> proc = Process(1234)
+        # >>> time.sleep(2)  # time-consuming task, process dies in meantime
+        # >>> proc.name()
+        # Refers to Issue #15
+        def assert_raises_nsp(fun, fun_name):
+            try:
+                ret = fun()
+            except psutil.ZombieProcess:  # differentiate from NSP
+                raise
+            except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+                pass
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                if OPENBSD and fun_name in {'threads', 'num_threads'}:
+                    return
+                raise
+            else:
+                # NtQuerySystemInformation succeeds even if process is gone.
+                if WINDOWS and fun_name in {'exe', 'name'}:
+                    return
+                raise self.fail(
+                    "%r didn't raise NSP and returned %r instead" % (fun, ret)
+                )
+
+        p = self.spawn_psproc()
+        p.terminate()
+        p.wait()
+        if WINDOWS:  # XXX
+            call_until(lambda: p.pid not in psutil.pids())
+        self.assertProcessGone(p)
+
+        ns = process_namespace(p)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.all):
+            assert_raises_nsp(fun, name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_zombie_process(self):
+        _parent, zombie = self.spawn_zombie()
+        self.assertProcessZombie(zombie)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_zombie_process_is_running_w_exc(self):
+        # Emulate a case where internally is_running() raises
+        # ZombieProcess.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil.Process", side_effect=psutil.ZombieProcess(0)
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.is_running()
+            assert m.called
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_zombie_process_status_w_exc(self):
+        # Emulate a case where internally status() raises
+        # ZombieProcess.
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.Process.status",
+            side_effect=psutil.ZombieProcess(0),
+        ) as m:
+            assert p.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_reused_pid(self):
+        # Emulate a case where PID has been reused by another process.
+        if PY3:
+            from io import StringIO
+        else:
+            from StringIO import StringIO
+
+        subp = self.spawn_testproc()
+        p = psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        p._ident = (p.pid, p.create_time() + 100)
+
+        list(psutil.process_iter())
+        assert p.pid in psutil._pmap
+        assert not p.is_running()
+
+        # make sure is_running() removed PID from process_iter()
+        # internal cache
+        with mock.patch.object(psutil._common, "PSUTIL_DEBUG", True):
+            with redirect_stderr(StringIO()) as f:
+                list(psutil.process_iter())
+        assert (
+            "refreshing Process instance for reused PID %s" % p.pid
+            in f.getvalue()
+        )
+        assert p.pid not in psutil._pmap
+
+        assert p != psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        msg = "process no longer exists and its PID has been reused"
+        ns = process_namespace(p)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.setters + ns.killers, clear_cache=False):
+            with self.subTest(name=name):
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess, match=msg):
+                    fun()
+
+        assert "terminated + PID reused" in str(p)
+        assert "terminated + PID reused" in repr(p)
+
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess, match=msg):
+            p.ppid()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess, match=msg):
+            p.parent()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess, match=msg):
+            p.parents()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess, match=msg):
+            p.children()
+
+    def test_pid_0(self):
+        # Process(0) is supposed to work on all platforms except Linux
+        if 0 not in psutil.pids():
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                psutil.Process(0)
+            # These 2 are a contradiction, but "ps" says PID 1's parent
+            # is PID 0.
+            assert not psutil.pid_exists(0)
+            assert psutil.Process(1).ppid() == 0
+            return
+
+        p = psutil.Process(0)
+        exc = psutil.AccessDenied if WINDOWS else ValueError
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.wait()
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.terminate()
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.suspend()
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.resume()
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.kill()
+        with pytest.raises(exc):
+            p.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
+
+        # test all methods
+        ns = process_namespace(p)
+        for fun, name in ns.iter(ns.getters + ns.setters):
+            try:
+                ret = fun()
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if name in {"uids", "gids"}:
+                    assert ret.real == 0
+                elif name == "username":
+                    user = 'NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM' if WINDOWS else 'root'
+                    assert p.username() == user
+                elif name == "name":
+                    assert name, name
+
+        if not OPENBSD:
+            assert 0 in psutil.pids()
+            assert psutil.pid_exists(0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_ENVIRON, reason="not supported")
+    def test_environ(self):
+        def clean_dict(d):
+            exclude = ["PLAT", "HOME", "PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST", "PYTEST_VERSION"]
+            if MACOS:
+                exclude.extend([
+                    "__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING",
+                    "VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_32_BIT",
+                    "VERSIONER_PYTHON_VERSION",
+                    "VERSIONER_PYTHON_VERSION",
+                ])
+            for name in exclude:
+                d.pop(name, None)
+            return dict([
+                (
+                    k.replace("\r", "").replace("\n", ""),
+                    v.replace("\r", "").replace("\n", ""),
+                )
+                for k, v in d.items()
+            ])
+
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        d1 = clean_dict(p.environ())
+        d2 = clean_dict(os.environ.copy())
+        if not OSX and GITHUB_ACTIONS:
+            assert d1 == d2
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_ENVIRON, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        MACOS_11PLUS,
+        reason="macOS 11+ can't get another process environment, issue #2084",
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        NETBSD, reason="sometimes fails on `assert is_running()`"
+    )
+    def test_weird_environ(self):
+        # environment variables can contain values without an equals sign
+        code = textwrap.dedent("""
+            #include <unistd.h>
+            #include <fcntl.h>
+
+            char * const argv[] = {"cat", 0};
+            char * const envp[] = {"A=1", "X", "C=3", 0};
+
+            int main(void) {
+                // Close stderr on exec so parent can wait for the
+                // execve to finish.
+                if (fcntl(2, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0)
+                    return 0;
+                return execve("/bin/cat", argv, envp);
+            }
+            """)
+        cexe = create_c_exe(self.get_testfn(), c_code=code)
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc(
+            [cexe], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        p = psutil.Process(sproc.pid)
+        wait_for_pid(p.pid)
+        assert p.is_running()
+        # Wait for process to exec or exit.
+        assert sproc.stderr.read() == b""
+        if MACOS and CI_TESTING:
+            try:
+                env = p.environ()
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                # XXX: fails sometimes with:
+                # PermissionError from 'sysctl(KERN_PROCARGS2) -> EIO'
+                return
+        else:
+            env = p.environ()
+        assert env == {"A": "1", "C": "3"}
+        sproc.communicate()
+        assert sproc.returncode == 0
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Limited user tests
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+if POSIX and os.getuid() == 0:
+
+    class LimitedUserTestCase(TestProcess):
+        """Repeat the previous tests by using a limited user.
+        Executed only on UNIX and only if the user who run the test script
+        is root.
+        """
+
+        # the uid/gid the test suite runs under
+        if hasattr(os, 'getuid'):
+            PROCESS_UID = os.getuid()
+            PROCESS_GID = os.getgid()
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            # re-define all existent test methods in order to
+            # ignore AccessDenied exceptions
+            for attr in [x for x in dir(self) if x.startswith('test')]:
+                meth = getattr(self, attr)
+
+                def test_(self):
+                    try:
+                        meth()  # noqa
+                    except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                        pass
+
+                setattr(self, attr, types.MethodType(test_, self))
+
+        def setUp(self):
+            super().setUp()
+            os.setegid(1000)
+            os.seteuid(1000)
+
+        def tearDown(self):
+            os.setegid(self.PROCESS_UID)
+            os.seteuid(self.PROCESS_GID)
+            super().tearDown()
+
+        def test_nice(self):
+            try:
+                psutil.Process().nice(-1)
+            except psutil.AccessDenied:
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise self.fail("exception not raised")
+
+        @pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason="causes problem as root")
+        def test_zombie_process(self):
+            pass
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- psutil.Popen tests
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestPopen(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Tests for psutil.Popen class."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        reap_children()
+
+    def test_misc(self):
+        # XXX this test causes a ResourceWarning on Python 3 because
+        # psutil.__subproc instance doesn't get properly freed.
+        # Not sure what to do though.
+        cmd = [
+            PYTHON_EXE,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)];",
+        ]
+        with psutil.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=PYTHON_EXE_ENV,
+        ) as proc:
+            proc.name()
+            proc.cpu_times()
+            proc.stdin  # noqa
+            assert dir(proc)
+            with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+                proc.foo  # noqa
+            proc.terminate()
+        if POSIX:
+            assert proc.wait(5) == -signal.SIGTERM
+        else:
+            assert proc.wait(5) == signal.SIGTERM
+
+    def test_ctx_manager(self):
+        with psutil.Popen(
+            [PYTHON_EXE, "-V"],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=PYTHON_EXE_ENV,
+        ) as proc:
+            proc.communicate()
+        assert proc.stdout.closed
+        assert proc.stderr.closed
+        assert proc.stdin.closed
+        assert proc.returncode == 0
+
+    def test_kill_terminate(self):
+        # subprocess.Popen()'s terminate(), kill() and send_signal() do
+        # not raise exception after the process is gone. psutil.Popen
+        # diverges from that.
+        cmd = [
+            PYTHON_EXE,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)];",
+        ]
+        with psutil.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=PYTHON_EXE_ENV,
+        ) as proc:
+            proc.terminate()
+            proc.wait()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                proc.terminate()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                proc.kill()
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                proc.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
+            if WINDOWS:
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                    proc.send_signal(signal.CTRL_C_EVENT)
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                    proc.send_signal(signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process_all.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process_all.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..780ea194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process_all.py
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Iterate over all process PIDs and for each one of them invoke and
+test all psutil.Process() methods.
+"""
+
+import enum
+import errno
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import stat
+import time
+import traceback
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import OSX
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import long
+from psutil._compat import unicode
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import PYTEST_PARALLEL
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import VALID_PROC_STATUSES
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import check_connection_ntuple
+from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+from psutil.tests import is_namedtuple
+from psutil.tests import is_win_secure_system_proc
+from psutil.tests import process_namespace
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+
+
+# Cuts the time in half, but (e.g.) on macOS the process pool stays
+# alive after join() (multiprocessing bug?), messing up other tests.
+USE_PROC_POOL = LINUX and not CI_TESTING and not PYTEST_PARALLEL
+
+
+def proc_info(pid):
+    tcase = PsutilTestCase()
+
+    def check_exception(exc, proc, name, ppid):
+        tcase.assertEqual(exc.pid, pid)
+        if exc.name is not None:
+            tcase.assertEqual(exc.name, name)
+        if isinstance(exc, psutil.ZombieProcess):
+            tcase.assertProcessZombie(proc)
+            if exc.ppid is not None:
+                tcase.assertGreaterEqual(exc.ppid, 0)
+                tcase.assertEqual(exc.ppid, ppid)
+        elif isinstance(exc, psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+            tcase.assertProcessGone(proc)
+        str(exc)
+        repr(exc)
+
+    def do_wait():
+        if pid != 0:
+            try:
+                proc.wait(0)
+            except psutil.Error as exc:
+                check_exception(exc, proc, name, ppid)
+
+    try:
+        proc = psutil.Process(pid)
+    except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+        tcase.assertPidGone(pid)
+        return {}
+    try:
+        d = proc.as_dict(['ppid', 'name'])
+    except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+        tcase.assertProcessGone(proc)
+    else:
+        name, ppid = d['name'], d['ppid']
+        info = {'pid': proc.pid}
+        ns = process_namespace(proc)
+        # We don't use oneshot() because in order not to fool
+        # check_exception() in case of NSP.
+        for fun, fun_name in ns.iter(ns.getters, clear_cache=False):
+            try:
+                info[fun_name] = fun()
+            except psutil.Error as exc:
+                check_exception(exc, proc, name, ppid)
+                continue
+        do_wait()
+        return info
+
+
+class TestFetchAllProcesses(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Test which iterates over all running processes and performs
+    some sanity checks against Process API's returned values.
+    Uses a process pool to get info about all processes.
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        psutil._set_debug(False)
+        # Using a pool in a CI env may result in deadlock, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2104
+        if USE_PROC_POOL:
+            self.pool = multiprocessing.Pool()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        psutil._set_debug(True)
+        if USE_PROC_POOL:
+            self.pool.terminate()
+            self.pool.join()
+
+    def iter_proc_info(self):
+        # Fixes "can't pickle <function proc_info>: it's not the
+        # same object as test_process_all.proc_info".
+        from psutil.tests.test_process_all import proc_info
+
+        if USE_PROC_POOL:
+            return self.pool.imap_unordered(proc_info, psutil.pids())
+        else:
+            ls = []
+            for pid in psutil.pids():
+                ls.append(proc_info(pid))
+            return ls
+
+    def test_all(self):
+        failures = []
+        for info in self.iter_proc_info():
+            for name, value in info.items():
+                meth = getattr(self, name)
+                try:
+                    meth(value, info)
+                except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+                    s = '\n' + '=' * 70 + '\n'
+                    s += "FAIL: name=test_%s, pid=%s, ret=%s\ninfo=%s\n" % (
+                        name,
+                        info['pid'],
+                        repr(value),
+                        info,
+                    )
+                    s += '-' * 70
+                    s += "\n%s" % traceback.format_exc()
+                    s = "\n".join((" " * 4) + i for i in s.splitlines()) + "\n"
+                    failures.append(s)
+                else:
+                    if value not in (0, 0.0, [], None, '', {}):
+                        assert value, value
+        if failures:
+            raise self.fail(''.join(failures))
+
+    def cmdline(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, list)
+        for part in ret:
+            assert isinstance(part, str)
+
+    def exe(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, (str, unicode))
+        assert ret.strip() == ret
+        if ret:
+            if WINDOWS and not ret.endswith('.exe'):
+                return  # May be "Registry", "MemCompression", ...
+            assert os.path.isabs(ret), ret
+            # Note: os.stat() may return False even if the file is there
+            # hence we skip the test, see:
+            # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3112546/os-path-exists-lies
+            if POSIX and os.path.isfile(ret):
+                if hasattr(os, 'access') and hasattr(os, "X_OK"):
+                    # XXX: may fail on MACOS
+                    try:
+                        assert os.access(ret, os.X_OK)
+                    except AssertionError:
+                        if os.path.exists(ret) and not CI_TESTING:
+                            raise
+
+    def pid(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        assert ret >= 0
+
+    def ppid(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, (int, long))
+        assert ret >= 0
+        proc_info(ret)
+
+    def name(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, (str, unicode))
+        if WINDOWS and not ret and is_win_secure_system_proc(info['pid']):
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2338
+            return
+        # on AIX, "<exiting>" processes don't have names
+        if not AIX:
+            assert ret, repr(ret)
+
+    def create_time(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, float)
+        try:
+            assert ret >= 0
+        except AssertionError:
+            # XXX
+            if OPENBSD and info['status'] == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE:
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+        # this can't be taken for granted on all platforms
+        # self.assertGreaterEqual(ret, psutil.boot_time())
+        # make sure returned value can be pretty printed
+        # with strftime
+        time.strftime("%Y %m %d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(ret))
+
+    def uids(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        for uid in ret:
+            assert isinstance(uid, int)
+            assert uid >= 0
+
+    def gids(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        # note: testing all gids as above seems not to be reliable for
+        # gid == 30 (nodoby); not sure why.
+        for gid in ret:
+            assert isinstance(gid, int)
+            if not MACOS and not NETBSD:
+                assert gid >= 0
+
+    def username(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, str)
+        assert ret.strip() == ret
+        assert ret.strip()
+
+    def status(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, str)
+        assert ret, ret
+        if QEMU_USER:
+            # status does not work under qemu user
+            return
+        assert ret != '?'  # XXX
+        assert ret in VALID_PROC_STATUSES
+
+    def io_counters(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        for field in ret:
+            assert isinstance(field, (int, long))
+            if field != -1:
+                assert field >= 0
+
+    def ionice(self, ret, info):
+        if LINUX:
+            assert isinstance(ret.ioclass, int)
+            assert isinstance(ret.value, int)
+            assert ret.ioclass >= 0
+            assert ret.value >= 0
+        else:  # Windows, Cygwin
+            choices = [
+                psutil.IOPRIO_VERYLOW,
+                psutil.IOPRIO_LOW,
+                psutil.IOPRIO_NORMAL,
+                psutil.IOPRIO_HIGH,
+            ]
+            assert isinstance(ret, int)
+            assert ret >= 0
+            assert ret in choices
+
+    def num_threads(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        if WINDOWS and ret == 0 and is_win_secure_system_proc(info['pid']):
+            # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2338
+            return
+        assert ret >= 1
+
+    def threads(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, list)
+        for t in ret:
+            assert is_namedtuple(t)
+            assert t.id >= 0
+            assert t.user_time >= 0
+            assert t.system_time >= 0
+            for field in t:
+                assert isinstance(field, (int, float))
+
+    def cpu_times(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        for n in ret:
+            assert isinstance(n, float)
+            assert n >= 0
+        # TODO: check ntuple fields
+
+    def cpu_percent(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, float)
+        assert 0.0 <= ret <= 100.0, ret
+
+    def cpu_num(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        if FREEBSD and ret == -1:
+            return
+        assert ret >= 0
+        if psutil.cpu_count() == 1:
+            assert ret == 0
+        assert ret in list(range(psutil.cpu_count()))
+
+    def memory_info(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        for value in ret:
+            assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+            assert value >= 0
+        if WINDOWS:
+            assert ret.peak_wset >= ret.wset
+            assert ret.peak_paged_pool >= ret.paged_pool
+            assert ret.peak_nonpaged_pool >= ret.nonpaged_pool
+            assert ret.peak_pagefile >= ret.pagefile
+
+    def memory_full_info(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        total = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        for name in ret._fields:
+            value = getattr(ret, name)
+            assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+            assert value >= 0
+            if LINUX or (OSX and name in {'vms', 'data'}):
+                # On Linux there are processes (e.g. 'goa-daemon') whose
+                # VMS is incredibly high for some reason.
+                continue
+            assert value <= total, name
+
+        if LINUX:
+            assert ret.pss >= ret.uss
+
+    def open_files(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, list)
+        for f in ret:
+            assert isinstance(f.fd, int)
+            assert isinstance(f.path, str)
+            assert f.path.strip() == f.path
+            if WINDOWS:
+                assert f.fd == -1
+            elif LINUX:
+                assert isinstance(f.position, int)
+                assert isinstance(f.mode, str)
+                assert isinstance(f.flags, int)
+                assert f.position >= 0
+                assert f.mode in {'r', 'w', 'a', 'r+', 'a+'}
+                assert f.flags > 0
+            elif BSD and not f.path:
+                # XXX see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/595
+                continue
+            assert os.path.isabs(f.path), f
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(f.path)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                assert stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode), f
+
+    def num_fds(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        assert ret >= 0
+
+    def net_connections(self, ret, info):
+        with create_sockets():
+            assert len(ret) == len(set(ret))
+            for conn in ret:
+                assert is_namedtuple(conn)
+                check_connection_ntuple(conn)
+
+    def cwd(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, (str, unicode))
+        assert ret.strip() == ret
+        if ret:
+            assert os.path.isabs(ret), ret
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(ret)
+            except OSError as err:
+                if WINDOWS and psutil._psplatform.is_permission_err(err):
+                    pass
+                # directory has been removed in mean time
+                elif err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                assert stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)
+
+    def memory_percent(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, float)
+        assert 0 <= ret <= 100, ret
+
+    def is_running(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, bool)
+
+    def cpu_affinity(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, list)
+        assert ret != []
+        cpus = list(range(psutil.cpu_count()))
+        for n in ret:
+            assert isinstance(n, int)
+            assert n in cpus
+
+    def terminal(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, (str, type(None)))
+        if ret is not None:
+            assert os.path.isabs(ret), ret
+            assert os.path.exists(ret), ret
+
+    def memory_maps(self, ret, info):
+        for nt in ret:
+            assert isinstance(nt.addr, str)
+            assert isinstance(nt.perms, str)
+            assert isinstance(nt.path, str)
+            for fname in nt._fields:
+                value = getattr(nt, fname)
+                if fname == 'path':
+                    if not value.startswith(("[", "anon_inode:")):
+                        assert os.path.isabs(nt.path), nt.path
+                        # commented as on Linux we might get
+                        # '/foo/bar (deleted)'
+                        # assert os.path.exists(nt.path), nt.path
+                elif fname == 'addr':
+                    assert value, repr(value)
+                elif fname == 'perms':
+                    if not WINDOWS:
+                        assert value, repr(value)
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+                    assert value >= 0
+
+    def num_handles(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        assert ret >= 0
+
+    def nice(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, int)
+        if POSIX:
+            assert -20 <= ret <= 20, ret
+        else:
+            priorities = [
+                getattr(psutil, x)
+                for x in dir(psutil)
+                if x.endswith('_PRIORITY_CLASS')
+            ]
+            assert ret in priorities
+            if PY3:
+                assert isinstance(ret, enum.IntEnum)
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(ret, int)
+
+    def num_ctx_switches(self, ret, info):
+        assert is_namedtuple(ret)
+        for value in ret:
+            assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+            assert value >= 0
+
+    def rlimit(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, tuple)
+        assert len(ret) == 2
+        assert ret[0] >= -1
+        assert ret[1] >= -1
+
+    def environ(self, ret, info):
+        assert isinstance(ret, dict)
+        for k, v in ret.items():
+            assert isinstance(k, str)
+            assert isinstance(v, str)
+
+
+class TestPidsRange(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Given pid_exists() return value for a range of PIDs which may or
+    may not exist, make sure that psutil.Process() and psutil.pids()
+    agree with pid_exists(). This guarantees that the 3 APIs are all
+    consistent with each other. See:
+    https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2359
+
+    XXX - Note about Windows: it turns out there are some "hidden" PIDs
+    which are not returned by psutil.pids() and are also not revealed
+    by taskmgr.exe and ProcessHacker, still they can be instantiated by
+    psutil.Process() and queried. One of such PIDs is "conhost.exe".
+    Running as_dict() for it reveals that some Process() APIs
+    erroneously raise NoSuchProcess, so we know we have problem there.
+    Let's ignore this for now, since it's quite a corner case (who even
+    imagined hidden PIDs existed on Windows?).
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        psutil._set_debug(False)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        psutil._set_debug(True)
+
+    def test_it(self):
+        def is_linux_tid(pid):
+            try:
+                f = open("/proc/%s/status" % pid, "rb")
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                return False
+            else:
+                with f:
+                    for line in f:
+                        if line.startswith(b"Tgid:"):
+                            tgid = int(line.split()[1])
+                            # If tgid and pid are different then we're
+                            # dealing with a process TID.
+                            return tgid != pid
+                    raise ValueError("'Tgid' line not found")
+
+        def check(pid):
+            # In case of failure retry up to 3 times in order to avoid
+            # race conditions, especially when running in a CI
+            # environment where PIDs may appear and disappear at any
+            # time.
+            x = 3
+            while True:
+                exists = psutil.pid_exists(pid)
+                try:
+                    if exists:
+                        psutil.Process(pid)
+                        if not WINDOWS:  # see docstring
+                            assert pid in psutil.pids()
+                    else:
+                        # On OpenBSD thread IDs can be instantiated,
+                        # and oneshot() succeeds, but other APIs fail
+                        # with EINVAL.
+                        if not OPENBSD:
+                            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                                psutil.Process(pid)
+                        if not WINDOWS:  # see docstring
+                            assert pid not in psutil.pids()
+                except (psutil.Error, AssertionError):
+                    x -= 1
+                    if x == 0:
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    return
+
+        for pid in range(1, 3000):
+            if LINUX and is_linux_tid(pid):
+                # On Linux a TID (thread ID) can be passed to the
+                # Process class and is querable like a PID (process
+                # ID). Skip it.
+                continue
+            with self.subTest(pid=pid):
+                check(pid)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_sunos.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_sunos.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9638ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_sunos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Sun OS specific tests."""
+
+import os
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import sh
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not SUNOS, reason="SUNOS only")
+class SunOSSpecificTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_swap_memory(self):
+        out = sh('env PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:%s swap -l' % os.environ['PATH'])
+        lines = out.strip().split('\n')[1:]
+        if not lines:
+            raise ValueError('no swap device(s) configured')
+        total = free = 0
+        for line in lines:
+            fields = line.split()
+            total = int(fields[3]) * 512
+            free = int(fields[4]) * 512
+        used = total - free
+
+        psutil_swap = psutil.swap_memory()
+        assert psutil_swap.total == total
+        assert psutil_swap.used == used
+        assert psutil_swap.free == free
+
+    def test_cpu_count(self):
+        out = sh("/usr/sbin/psrinfo")
+        assert psutil.cpu_count() == len(out.split('\n'))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_system.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_system.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b69ada7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_system.py
@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Tests for system APIS."""
+
+import contextlib
+import datetime
+import errno
+import os
+import platform
+import pprint
+import shutil
+import signal
+import socket
+import sys
+import time
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import AIX
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import LINUX
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import OPENBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import SUNOS
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import long
+from psutil.tests import ASCII_FS
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import DEVNULL
+from psutil.tests import GITHUB_ACTIONS
+from psutil.tests import GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_CPU_FREQ
+from psutil.tests import HAS_GETLOADAVG
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_FANS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES
+from psutil.tests import IS_64BIT
+from psutil.tests import MACOS_12PLUS
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import QEMU_USER
+from psutil.tests import UNICODE_SUFFIX
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import check_net_address
+from psutil.tests import enum
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- System-related API tests
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestProcessIter(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_pid_presence(self):
+        assert os.getpid() in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc()
+        assert sproc.pid in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        p = psutil.Process(sproc.pid)
+        p.kill()
+        p.wait()
+        assert sproc.pid not in [x.pid for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+
+    def test_no_duplicates(self):
+        ls = [x for x in psutil.process_iter()]
+        assert sorted(ls, key=lambda x: x.pid) == sorted(
+            set(ls), key=lambda x: x.pid
+        )
+
+    def test_emulate_nsp(self):
+        list(psutil.process_iter())  # populate cache
+        for x in range(2):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil.Process.as_dict',
+                side_effect=psutil.NoSuchProcess(os.getpid()),
+            ):
+                assert list(psutil.process_iter(attrs=["cpu_times"])) == []
+            psutil.process_iter.cache_clear()  # repeat test without cache
+
+    def test_emulate_access_denied(self):
+        list(psutil.process_iter())  # populate cache
+        for x in range(2):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil.Process.as_dict',
+                side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied(os.getpid()),
+            ):
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                    list(psutil.process_iter(attrs=["cpu_times"]))
+            psutil.process_iter.cache_clear()  # repeat test without cache
+
+    def test_attrs(self):
+        for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid']):
+            assert list(p.info.keys()) == ['pid']
+        # yield again
+        for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid']):
+            assert list(p.info.keys()) == ['pid']
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            list(psutil.process_iter(attrs=['foo']))
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times",
+            side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied(0, ""),
+        ) as m:
+            for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=["pid", "cpu_times"]):
+                assert p.info['cpu_times'] is None
+                assert p.info['pid'] >= 0
+            assert m.called
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.Process.cpu_times",
+            side_effect=psutil.AccessDenied(0, ""),
+        ) as m:
+            flag = object()
+            for p in psutil.process_iter(
+                attrs=["pid", "cpu_times"], ad_value=flag
+            ):
+                assert p.info['cpu_times'] is flag
+                assert p.info['pid'] >= 0
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_cache_clear(self):
+        list(psutil.process_iter())  # populate cache
+        assert psutil._pmap
+        psutil.process_iter.cache_clear()
+        assert not psutil._pmap
+
+
+class TestProcessAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        PYPY and WINDOWS,
+        reason="spawn_testproc() unreliable on PYPY + WINDOWS",
+    )
+    def test_wait_procs(self):
+        def callback(p):
+            pids.append(p.pid)
+
+        pids = []
+        sproc1 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        sproc2 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        sproc3 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        procs = [psutil.Process(x.pid) for x in (sproc1, sproc2, sproc3)]
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.wait_procs(procs, timeout=-1)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            psutil.wait_procs(procs, callback=1)
+        t = time.time()
+        gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(procs, timeout=0.01, callback=callback)
+
+        assert time.time() - t < 0.5
+        assert gone == []
+        assert len(alive) == 3
+        assert pids == []
+        for p in alive:
+            assert not hasattr(p, 'returncode')
+
+        @retry_on_failure(30)
+        def test_1(procs, callback):
+            gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(
+                procs, timeout=0.03, callback=callback
+            )
+            assert len(gone) == 1
+            assert len(alive) == 2
+            return gone, alive
+
+        sproc3.terminate()
+        gone, alive = test_1(procs, callback)
+        assert sproc3.pid in [x.pid for x in gone]
+        if POSIX:
+            assert gone.pop().returncode == -signal.SIGTERM
+        else:
+            assert gone.pop().returncode == 1
+        assert pids == [sproc3.pid]
+        for p in alive:
+            assert not hasattr(p, 'returncode')
+
+        @retry_on_failure(30)
+        def test_2(procs, callback):
+            gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(
+                procs, timeout=0.03, callback=callback
+            )
+            assert len(gone) == 3
+            assert len(alive) == 0
+            return gone, alive
+
+        sproc1.terminate()
+        sproc2.terminate()
+        gone, alive = test_2(procs, callback)
+        assert set(pids) == set([sproc1.pid, sproc2.pid, sproc3.pid])
+        for p in gone:
+            assert hasattr(p, 'returncode')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        PYPY and WINDOWS,
+        reason="spawn_testproc() unreliable on PYPY + WINDOWS",
+    )
+    def test_wait_procs_no_timeout(self):
+        sproc1 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        sproc2 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        sproc3 = self.spawn_testproc()
+        procs = [psutil.Process(x.pid) for x in (sproc1, sproc2, sproc3)]
+        for p in procs:
+            p.terminate()
+        psutil.wait_procs(procs)
+
+    def test_pid_exists(self):
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc()
+        assert psutil.pid_exists(sproc.pid)
+        p = psutil.Process(sproc.pid)
+        p.kill()
+        p.wait()
+        assert not psutil.pid_exists(sproc.pid)
+        assert not psutil.pid_exists(-1)
+        assert psutil.pid_exists(0) == (0 in psutil.pids())
+
+    def test_pid_exists_2(self):
+        pids = psutil.pids()
+        for pid in pids:
+            try:
+                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid)
+            except AssertionError:
+                # in case the process disappeared in meantime fail only
+                # if it is no longer in psutil.pids()
+                time.sleep(0.1)
+                assert pid not in psutil.pids()
+        pids = range(max(pids) + 15000, max(pids) + 16000)
+        for pid in pids:
+            assert not psutil.pid_exists(pid)
+
+
+class TestMiscAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        bt = psutil.boot_time()
+        assert isinstance(bt, float)
+        assert bt > 0
+        assert bt < time.time()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        CI_TESTING and not psutil.users(), reason="unreliable on CI"
+    )
+    def test_users(self):
+        users = psutil.users()
+        assert users != []
+        for user in users:
+            with self.subTest(user=user):
+                assert user.name
+                assert isinstance(user.name, str)
+                assert isinstance(user.terminal, (str, type(None)))
+                if user.host is not None:
+                    assert isinstance(user.host, (str, type(None)))
+                user.terminal  # noqa
+                user.host  # noqa
+                assert user.started > 0.0
+                datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(user.started)
+                if WINDOWS or OPENBSD:
+                    assert user.pid is None
+                else:
+                    psutil.Process(user.pid)
+
+    def test_test(self):
+        # test for psutil.test() function
+        stdout = sys.stdout
+        sys.stdout = DEVNULL
+        try:
+            psutil.test()
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = stdout
+
+    def test_os_constants(self):
+        names = [
+            "POSIX",
+            "WINDOWS",
+            "LINUX",
+            "MACOS",
+            "FREEBSD",
+            "OPENBSD",
+            "NETBSD",
+            "BSD",
+            "SUNOS",
+        ]
+        for name in names:
+            assert isinstance(getattr(psutil, name), bool), name
+
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            assert psutil.POSIX
+            assert not psutil.WINDOWS
+            names.remove("POSIX")
+            if "linux" in sys.platform.lower():
+                assert psutil.LINUX
+                names.remove("LINUX")
+            elif "bsd" in sys.platform.lower():
+                assert psutil.BSD
+                assert [psutil.FREEBSD, psutil.OPENBSD, psutil.NETBSD].count(
+                    True
+                ) == 1
+                names.remove("BSD")
+                names.remove("FREEBSD")
+                names.remove("OPENBSD")
+                names.remove("NETBSD")
+            elif (
+                "sunos" in sys.platform.lower()
+                or "solaris" in sys.platform.lower()
+            ):
+                assert psutil.SUNOS
+                names.remove("SUNOS")
+            elif "darwin" in sys.platform.lower():
+                assert psutil.MACOS
+                names.remove("MACOS")
+        else:
+            assert psutil.WINDOWS
+            assert not psutil.POSIX
+            names.remove("WINDOWS")
+
+        # assert all other constants are set to False
+        for name in names:
+            assert not getattr(psutil, name), name
+
+
+class TestMemoryAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_virtual_memory(self):
+        mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
+        assert mem.total > 0, mem
+        assert mem.available > 0, mem
+        assert 0 <= mem.percent <= 100, mem
+        assert mem.used > 0, mem
+        assert mem.free >= 0, mem
+        for name in mem._fields:
+            value = getattr(mem, name)
+            if name != 'percent':
+                assert isinstance(value, (int, long))
+            if name != 'total':
+                if not value >= 0:
+                    raise self.fail("%r < 0 (%s)" % (name, value))
+                if value > mem.total:
+                    raise self.fail(
+                        "%r > total (total=%s, %s=%s)"
+                        % (name, mem.total, name, value)
+                    )
+
+    def test_swap_memory(self):
+        mem = psutil.swap_memory()
+        assert mem._fields == (
+            'total',
+            'used',
+            'free',
+            'percent',
+            'sin',
+            'sout',
+        )
+
+        assert mem.total >= 0, mem
+        assert mem.used >= 0, mem
+        if mem.total > 0:
+            # likely a system with no swap partition
+            assert mem.free > 0, mem
+        else:
+            assert mem.free == 0, mem
+        assert 0 <= mem.percent <= 100, mem
+        assert mem.sin >= 0, mem
+        assert mem.sout >= 0, mem
+
+
+class TestCpuAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_cpu_count_logical(self):
+        logical = psutil.cpu_count()
+        assert logical is not None
+        assert logical == len(psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True))
+        assert logical >= 1
+
+        if os.path.exists("/proc/cpuinfo"):
+            with open("/proc/cpuinfo") as fd:
+                cpuinfo_data = fd.read()
+            if "physical id" not in cpuinfo_data:
+                raise pytest.skip("cpuinfo doesn't include physical id")
+
+    def test_cpu_count_cores(self):
+        logical = psutil.cpu_count()
+        cores = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
+        if cores is None:
+            raise pytest.skip("cpu_count_cores() is None")
+        if WINDOWS and sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] <= (6, 1):  # <= Vista
+            assert cores is None
+        else:
+            assert cores >= 1
+            assert logical >= cores
+
+    def test_cpu_count_none(self):
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1085
+        for val in (-1, 0, None):
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._psplatform.cpu_count_logical', return_value=val
+            ) as m:
+                assert psutil.cpu_count() is None
+                assert m.called
+            with mock.patch(
+                'psutil._psplatform.cpu_count_cores', return_value=val
+            ) as m:
+                assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) is None
+                assert m.called
+
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        # Check type, value >= 0, str().
+        total = 0
+        times = psutil.cpu_times()
+        sum(times)
+        for cp_time in times:
+            assert isinstance(cp_time, float)
+            assert cp_time >= 0.0
+            total += cp_time
+        assert round(abs(total - sum(times)), 6) == 0
+        str(times)
+        # CPU times are always supposed to increase over time
+        # or at least remain the same and that's because time
+        # cannot go backwards.
+        # Surprisingly sometimes this might not be the case (at
+        # least on Windows and Linux), see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/392
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/645
+        # if not WINDOWS:
+        #     last = psutil.cpu_times()
+        #     for x in range(100):
+        #         new = psutil.cpu_times()
+        #         for field in new._fields:
+        #             new_t = getattr(new, field)
+        #             last_t = getattr(last, field)
+        #             self.assertGreaterEqual(new_t, last_t,
+        #                                     msg="%s %s" % (new_t, last_t))
+        #         last = new
+
+    def test_cpu_times_time_increases(self):
+        # Make sure time increases between calls.
+        t1 = sum(psutil.cpu_times())
+        stop_at = time.time() + GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+        while time.time() < stop_at:
+            t2 = sum(psutil.cpu_times())
+            if t2 > t1:
+                return
+        raise self.fail("time remained the same")
+
+    def test_per_cpu_times(self):
+        # Check type, value >= 0, str().
+        for times in psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True):
+            total = 0
+            sum(times)
+            for cp_time in times:
+                assert isinstance(cp_time, float)
+                assert cp_time >= 0.0
+                total += cp_time
+            assert round(abs(total - sum(times)), 6) == 0
+            str(times)
+        assert len(psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)[0]) == len(
+            psutil.cpu_times(percpu=False)
+        )
+
+        # Note: in theory CPU times are always supposed to increase over
+        # time or remain the same but never go backwards. In practice
+        # sometimes this is not the case.
+        # This issue seemd to be afflict Windows:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/392
+        # ...but it turns out also Linux (rarely) behaves the same.
+        # last = psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        # for x in range(100):
+        #     new = psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        #     for index in range(len(new)):
+        #         newcpu = new[index]
+        #         lastcpu = last[index]
+        #         for field in newcpu._fields:
+        #             new_t = getattr(newcpu, field)
+        #             last_t = getattr(lastcpu, field)
+        #             self.assertGreaterEqual(
+        #                 new_t, last_t, msg="%s %s" % (lastcpu, newcpu))
+        #     last = new
+
+    def test_per_cpu_times_2(self):
+        # Simulate some work load then make sure time have increased
+        # between calls.
+        tot1 = psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        giveup_at = time.time() + GLOBAL_TIMEOUT
+        while True:
+            if time.time() >= giveup_at:
+                return self.fail("timeout")
+            tot2 = psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+            for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, tot2):
+                t1, t2 = psutil._cpu_busy_time(t1), psutil._cpu_busy_time(t2)
+                difference = t2 - t1
+                if difference >= 0.05:
+                    return
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        CI_TESTING and OPENBSD, reason="unreliable on OPENBSD + CI"
+    )
+    def test_cpu_times_comparison(self):
+        # Make sure the sum of all per cpu times is almost equal to
+        # base "one cpu" times. On OpenBSD the sum of per-CPUs is
+        # higher for some reason.
+        base = psutil.cpu_times()
+        per_cpu = psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        summed_values = base._make([sum(num) for num in zip(*per_cpu)])
+        for field in base._fields:
+            with self.subTest(field=field, base=base, per_cpu=per_cpu):
+                assert (
+                    abs(getattr(base, field) - getattr(summed_values, field))
+                    < 1
+                )
+
+    def _test_cpu_percent(self, percent, last_ret, new_ret):
+        try:
+            assert isinstance(percent, float)
+            assert percent >= 0.0
+            assert percent <= 100.0 * psutil.cpu_count()
+        except AssertionError as err:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "\n%s\nlast=%s\nnew=%s"
+                % (err, pprint.pformat(last_ret), pprint.pformat(new_ret))
+            )
+
+    def test_cpu_percent(self):
+        last = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=0.001)
+        for _ in range(100):
+            new = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None)
+            self._test_cpu_percent(new, last, new)
+            last = new
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.cpu_percent(interval=-1)
+
+    def test_per_cpu_percent(self):
+        last = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=0.001, percpu=True)
+        assert len(last) == psutil.cpu_count()
+        for _ in range(100):
+            new = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None, percpu=True)
+            for percent in new:
+                self._test_cpu_percent(percent, last, new)
+            last = new
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.cpu_percent(interval=-1, percpu=True)
+
+    def test_cpu_times_percent(self):
+        last = psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=0.001)
+        for _ in range(100):
+            new = psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=None)
+            for percent in new:
+                self._test_cpu_percent(percent, last, new)
+            self._test_cpu_percent(sum(new), last, new)
+            last = new
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=-1)
+
+    def test_per_cpu_times_percent(self):
+        last = psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=0.001, percpu=True)
+        assert len(last) == psutil.cpu_count()
+        for _ in range(100):
+            new = psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=None, percpu=True)
+            for cpu in new:
+                for percent in cpu:
+                    self._test_cpu_percent(percent, last, new)
+                self._test_cpu_percent(sum(cpu), last, new)
+            last = new
+
+    def test_per_cpu_times_percent_negative(self):
+        # see: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/645
+        psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
+        zero_times = [
+            x._make([0 for x in range(len(x._fields))])
+            for x in psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
+        ]
+        with mock.patch('psutil.cpu_times', return_value=zero_times):
+            for cpu in psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True):
+                for percent in cpu:
+                    self._test_cpu_percent(percent, None, None)
+
+    def test_cpu_stats(self):
+        # Tested more extensively in per-platform test modules.
+        infos = psutil.cpu_stats()
+        assert infos._fields == (
+            'ctx_switches',
+            'interrupts',
+            'soft_interrupts',
+            'syscalls',
+        )
+        for name in infos._fields:
+            value = getattr(infos, name)
+            assert value >= 0
+            # on AIX, ctx_switches is always 0
+            if not AIX and name in {'ctx_switches', 'interrupts'}:
+                assert value > 0
+
+    # TODO: remove this once 1892 is fixed
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        MACOS and platform.machine() == 'arm64', reason="skipped due to #1892"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_CPU_FREQ, reason="not supported")
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        def check_ls(ls):
+            for nt in ls:
+                assert nt._fields == ('current', 'min', 'max')
+                if nt.max != 0.0:
+                    assert nt.current <= nt.max
+                for name in nt._fields:
+                    value = getattr(nt, name)
+                    assert isinstance(value, (int, long, float))
+                    assert value >= 0
+
+        ls = psutil.cpu_freq(percpu=True)
+        if FREEBSD and not ls:
+            raise pytest.skip("returns empty list on FreeBSD")
+
+        assert ls, ls
+        check_ls([psutil.cpu_freq(percpu=False)])
+
+        if LINUX:
+            assert len(ls) == psutil.cpu_count()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GETLOADAVG, reason="not supported")
+    def test_getloadavg(self):
+        loadavg = psutil.getloadavg()
+        assert len(loadavg) == 3
+        for load in loadavg:
+            assert isinstance(load, float)
+            assert load >= 0.0
+
+
+class TestDiskAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        PYPY and not IS_64BIT, reason="unreliable on PYPY32 + 32BIT"
+    )
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        usage = psutil.disk_usage(os.getcwd())
+        assert usage._fields == ('total', 'used', 'free', 'percent')
+
+        assert usage.total > 0, usage
+        assert usage.used > 0, usage
+        assert usage.free > 0, usage
+        assert usage.total > usage.used, usage
+        assert usage.total > usage.free, usage
+        assert 0 <= usage.percent <= 100, usage.percent
+        if hasattr(shutil, 'disk_usage'):
+            # py >= 3.3, see: http://bugs.python.org/issue12442
+            shutil_usage = shutil.disk_usage(os.getcwd())
+            tolerance = 5 * 1024 * 1024  # 5MB
+            assert usage.total == shutil_usage.total
+            assert abs(usage.free - shutil_usage.free) < tolerance
+            if not MACOS_12PLUS:
+                # see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2147
+                assert abs(usage.used - shutil_usage.used) < tolerance
+
+        # if path does not exist OSError ENOENT is expected across
+        # all platforms
+        fname = self.get_testfn()
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            psutil.disk_usage(fname)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not ASCII_FS, reason="not an ASCII fs")
+    def test_disk_usage_unicode(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/416
+        with pytest.raises(UnicodeEncodeError):
+            psutil.disk_usage(UNICODE_SUFFIX)
+
+    def test_disk_usage_bytes(self):
+        psutil.disk_usage(b'.')
+
+    def test_disk_partitions(self):
+        def check_ntuple(nt):
+            assert isinstance(nt.device, str)
+            assert isinstance(nt.mountpoint, str)
+            assert isinstance(nt.fstype, str)
+            assert isinstance(nt.opts, str)
+
+        # all = False
+        ls = psutil.disk_partitions(all=False)
+        assert ls
+        for disk in ls:
+            check_ntuple(disk)
+            if WINDOWS and 'cdrom' in disk.opts:
+                continue
+            if not POSIX:
+                assert os.path.exists(disk.device), disk
+            else:
+                # we cannot make any assumption about this, see:
+                # http://goo.gl/p9c43
+                disk.device  # noqa
+            # on modern systems mount points can also be files
+            assert os.path.exists(disk.mountpoint), disk
+            assert disk.fstype, disk
+
+        # all = True
+        ls = psutil.disk_partitions(all=True)
+        assert ls
+        for disk in psutil.disk_partitions(all=True):
+            check_ntuple(disk)
+            if not WINDOWS and disk.mountpoint:
+                try:
+                    os.stat(disk.mountpoint)
+                except OSError as err:
+                    if GITHUB_ACTIONS and MACOS and err.errno == errno.EIO:
+                        continue
+                    # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/
+                    #     2012-June/120787.html
+                    if err.errno not in {errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES}:
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    assert os.path.exists(disk.mountpoint), disk
+
+        # ---
+
+        def find_mount_point(path):
+            path = os.path.abspath(path)
+            while not os.path.ismount(path):
+                path = os.path.dirname(path)
+            return path.lower()
+
+        mount = find_mount_point(__file__)
+        mounts = [
+            x.mountpoint.lower()
+            for x in psutil.disk_partitions(all=True)
+            if x.mountpoint
+        ]
+        assert mount in mounts
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        LINUX and not os.path.exists('/proc/diskstats'),
+        reason="/proc/diskstats not available on this linux version",
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        CI_TESTING and not psutil.disk_io_counters(), reason="unreliable on CI"
+    )  # no visible disks
+    def test_disk_io_counters(self):
+        def check_ntuple(nt):
+            assert nt[0] == nt.read_count
+            assert nt[1] == nt.write_count
+            assert nt[2] == nt.read_bytes
+            assert nt[3] == nt.write_bytes
+            if not (OPENBSD or NETBSD):
+                assert nt[4] == nt.read_time
+                assert nt[5] == nt.write_time
+                if LINUX:
+                    assert nt[6] == nt.read_merged_count
+                    assert nt[7] == nt.write_merged_count
+                    assert nt[8] == nt.busy_time
+                elif FREEBSD:
+                    assert nt[6] == nt.busy_time
+            for name in nt._fields:
+                assert getattr(nt, name) >= 0, nt
+
+        ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False)
+        assert ret is not None, "no disks on this system?"
+        check_ntuple(ret)
+        ret = psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
+        # make sure there are no duplicates
+        assert len(ret) == len(set(ret))
+        for key in ret:
+            assert key, key
+            check_ntuple(ret[key])
+
+    def test_disk_io_counters_no_disks(self):
+        # Emulate a case where no disks are installed, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1062
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._psplatform.disk_io_counters', return_value={}
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False) is None
+            assert psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) == {}
+            assert m.called
+
+
+class TestNetAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_net_io_counters(self):
+        def check_ntuple(nt):
+            assert nt[0] == nt.bytes_sent
+            assert nt[1] == nt.bytes_recv
+            assert nt[2] == nt.packets_sent
+            assert nt[3] == nt.packets_recv
+            assert nt[4] == nt.errin
+            assert nt[5] == nt.errout
+            assert nt[6] == nt.dropin
+            assert nt[7] == nt.dropout
+            assert nt.bytes_sent >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.bytes_recv >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.packets_sent >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.packets_recv >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.errin >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.errout >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.dropin >= 0, nt
+            assert nt.dropout >= 0, nt
+
+        ret = psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=False)
+        check_ntuple(ret)
+        ret = psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
+        assert ret != []
+        for key in ret:
+            assert key
+            assert isinstance(key, str)
+            check_ntuple(ret[key])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_NET_IO_COUNTERS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_net_io_counters_no_nics(self):
+        # Emulate a case where no NICs are installed, see:
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1062
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._psplatform.net_io_counters', return_value={}
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=False) is None
+            assert psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True) == {}
+            assert m.called
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_net_if_addrs(self):
+        nics = psutil.net_if_addrs()
+        assert nics, nics
+
+        nic_stats = psutil.net_if_stats()
+
+        # Not reliable on all platforms (net_if_addrs() reports more
+        # interfaces).
+        # self.assertEqual(sorted(nics.keys()),
+        #                  sorted(psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True).keys()))
+
+        families = set([socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6, psutil.AF_LINK])
+        for nic, addrs in nics.items():
+            assert isinstance(nic, str)
+            assert len(set(addrs)) == len(addrs)
+            for addr in addrs:
+                assert isinstance(addr.family, int)
+                assert isinstance(addr.address, str)
+                assert isinstance(addr.netmask, (str, type(None)))
+                assert isinstance(addr.broadcast, (str, type(None)))
+                assert addr.family in families
+                if PY3 and not PYPY:
+                    assert isinstance(addr.family, enum.IntEnum)
+                if nic_stats[nic].isup:
+                    # Do not test binding to addresses of interfaces
+                    # that are down
+                    if addr.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                        s = socket.socket(addr.family)
+                        with contextlib.closing(s):
+                            s.bind((addr.address, 0))
+                    elif addr.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                        info = socket.getaddrinfo(
+                            addr.address,
+                            0,
+                            socket.AF_INET6,
+                            socket.SOCK_STREAM,
+                            0,
+                            socket.AI_PASSIVE,
+                        )[0]
+                        af, socktype, proto, _canonname, sa = info
+                        s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+                        with contextlib.closing(s):
+                            s.bind(sa)
+                for ip in (
+                    addr.address,
+                    addr.netmask,
+                    addr.broadcast,
+                    addr.ptp,
+                ):
+                    if ip is not None:
+                        # TODO: skip AF_INET6 for now because I get:
+                        # AddressValueError: Only hex digits permitted in
+                        # u'c6f3%lxcbr0' in u'fe80::c8e0:fff:fe54:c6f3%lxcbr0'
+                        if addr.family != socket.AF_INET6:
+                            check_net_address(ip, addr.family)
+                # broadcast and ptp addresses are mutually exclusive
+                if addr.broadcast:
+                    assert addr.ptp is None
+                elif addr.ptp:
+                    assert addr.broadcast is None
+
+        if BSD or MACOS or SUNOS:
+            if hasattr(socket, "AF_LINK"):
+                assert psutil.AF_LINK == socket.AF_LINK
+        elif LINUX:
+            assert psutil.AF_LINK == socket.AF_PACKET
+        elif WINDOWS:
+            assert psutil.AF_LINK == -1
+
+    def test_net_if_addrs_mac_null_bytes(self):
+        # Simulate that the underlying C function returns an incomplete
+        # MAC address. psutil is supposed to fill it with null bytes.
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/786
+        if POSIX:
+            ret = [('em1', psutil.AF_LINK, '06:3d:29', None, None, None)]
+        else:
+            ret = [('em1', -1, '06-3d-29', None, None, None)]
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._psplatform.net_if_addrs', return_value=ret
+        ) as m:
+            addr = psutil.net_if_addrs()['em1'][0]
+            assert m.called
+            if POSIX:
+                assert addr.address == '06:3d:29:00:00:00'
+            else:
+                assert addr.address == '06-3d-29-00-00-00'
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(QEMU_USER, reason="QEMU user not supported")
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        nics = psutil.net_if_stats()
+        assert nics, nics
+        all_duplexes = (
+            psutil.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL,
+            psutil.NIC_DUPLEX_HALF,
+            psutil.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN,
+        )
+        for name, stats in nics.items():
+            assert isinstance(name, str)
+            isup, duplex, speed, mtu, flags = stats
+            assert isinstance(isup, bool)
+            assert duplex in all_duplexes
+            assert duplex in all_duplexes
+            assert speed >= 0
+            assert mtu >= 0
+            assert isinstance(flags, str)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not (LINUX or BSD or MACOS), reason="LINUX or BSD or MACOS specific"
+    )
+    def test_net_if_stats_enodev(self):
+        # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1279
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil._psutil_posix.net_if_mtu',
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.ENODEV, ""),
+        ) as m:
+            ret = psutil.net_if_stats()
+            assert ret == {}
+            assert m.called
+
+
+class TestSensorsAPIs(PsutilTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_temperatures(self):
+        temps = psutil.sensors_temperatures()
+        for name, entries in temps.items():
+            assert isinstance(name, str)
+            for entry in entries:
+                assert isinstance(entry.label, str)
+                if entry.current is not None:
+                    assert entry.current >= 0
+                if entry.high is not None:
+                    assert entry.high >= 0
+                if entry.critical is not None:
+                    assert entry.critical >= 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_TEMPERATURES, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_temperatures_fahreneit(self):
+        d = {'coretemp': [('label', 50.0, 60.0, 70.0)]}
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.sensors_temperatures", return_value=d
+        ) as m:
+            temps = psutil.sensors_temperatures(fahrenheit=True)['coretemp'][0]
+            assert m.called
+            assert temps.current == 122.0
+            assert temps.high == 140.0
+            assert temps.critical == 158.0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_BATTERY, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_sensors_battery(self):
+        ret = psutil.sensors_battery()
+        assert ret.percent >= 0
+        assert ret.percent <= 100
+        if ret.secsleft not in {
+            psutil.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN,
+            psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED,
+        }:
+            assert ret.secsleft >= 0
+        elif ret.secsleft == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED:
+            assert ret.power_plugged
+        assert isinstance(ret.power_plugged, bool)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_SENSORS_FANS, reason="not supported")
+    def test_sensors_fans(self):
+        fans = psutil.sensors_fans()
+        for name, entries in fans.items():
+            assert isinstance(name, str)
+            for entry in entries:
+                assert isinstance(entry.label, str)
+                assert isinstance(entry.current, (int, long))
+                assert entry.current >= 0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_testutils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_testutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c83a94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_testutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Tests for testing utils (psutil.tests namespace)."""
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import os
+import socket
+import stat
+import subprocess
+import textwrap
+import unittest
+import warnings
+
+import psutil
+import psutil.tests
+from psutil import FREEBSD
+from psutil import NETBSD
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil._common import open_binary
+from psutil._common import open_text
+from psutil._common import supports_ipv6
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import COVERAGE
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX
+from psutil.tests import HERE
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE
+from psutil.tests import PYTHON_EXE_ENV
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import TestMemoryLeak
+from psutil.tests import bind_socket
+from psutil.tests import bind_unix_socket
+from psutil.tests import call_until
+from psutil.tests import chdir
+from psutil.tests import create_sockets
+from psutil.tests import fake_pytest
+from psutil.tests import filter_proc_net_connections
+from psutil.tests import get_free_port
+from psutil.tests import is_namedtuple
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import process_namespace
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import reap_children
+from psutil.tests import retry
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import safe_mkdir
+from psutil.tests import safe_rmpath
+from psutil.tests import system_namespace
+from psutil.tests import tcp_socketpair
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+from psutil.tests import unix_socketpair
+from psutil.tests import wait_for_file
+from psutil.tests import wait_for_pid
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# --- Unit tests for test utilities.
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestRetryDecorator(PsutilTestCase):
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_retry_success(self, sleep):
+        # Fail 3 times out of 5; make sure the decorated fun returns.
+
+        @retry(retries=5, interval=1, logfun=None)
+        def foo():
+            while queue:
+                queue.pop()
+                1 / 0  # noqa
+            return 1
+
+        queue = list(range(3))
+        assert foo() == 1
+        assert sleep.call_count == 3
+
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_retry_failure(self, sleep):
+        # Fail 6 times out of 5; th function is supposed to raise exc.
+        @retry(retries=5, interval=1, logfun=None)
+        def foo():
+            while queue:
+                queue.pop()
+                1 / 0  # noqa
+            return 1
+
+        queue = list(range(6))
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            foo()
+        assert sleep.call_count == 5
+
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_exception_arg(self, sleep):
+        @retry(exception=ValueError, interval=1)
+        def foo():
+            raise TypeError
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            foo()
+        assert sleep.call_count == 0
+
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_no_interval_arg(self, sleep):
+        # if interval is not specified sleep is not supposed to be called
+
+        @retry(retries=5, interval=None, logfun=None)
+        def foo():
+            1 / 0  # noqa
+
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            foo()
+        assert sleep.call_count == 0
+
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_retries_arg(self, sleep):
+        @retry(retries=5, interval=1, logfun=None)
+        def foo():
+            1 / 0  # noqa
+
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            foo()
+        assert sleep.call_count == 5
+
+    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
+    def test_retries_and_timeout_args(self, sleep):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            retry(retries=5, timeout=1)
+
+
+class TestSyncTestUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_wait_for_pid(self):
+        wait_for_pid(os.getpid())
+        nopid = max(psutil.pids()) + 99999
+        with mock.patch('psutil.tests.retry.__iter__', return_value=iter([0])):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                wait_for_pid(nopid)
+
+    def test_wait_for_file(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('foo')
+        wait_for_file(testfn)
+        assert not os.path.exists(testfn)
+
+    def test_wait_for_file_empty(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, 'w'):
+            pass
+        wait_for_file(testfn, empty=True)
+        assert not os.path.exists(testfn)
+
+    def test_wait_for_file_no_file(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with mock.patch('psutil.tests.retry.__iter__', return_value=iter([0])):
+            with pytest.raises(IOError):
+                wait_for_file(testfn)
+
+    def test_wait_for_file_no_delete(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        with open(testfn, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('foo')
+        wait_for_file(testfn, delete=False)
+        assert os.path.exists(testfn)
+
+    def test_call_until(self):
+        call_until(lambda: 1)
+        # TODO: test for timeout
+
+
+class TestFSTestUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_open_text(self):
+        with open_text(__file__) as f:
+            assert f.mode == 'r'
+
+    def test_open_binary(self):
+        with open_binary(__file__) as f:
+            assert f.mode == 'rb'
+
+    def test_safe_mkdir(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        safe_mkdir(testfn)
+        assert os.path.isdir(testfn)
+        safe_mkdir(testfn)
+        assert os.path.isdir(testfn)
+
+    def test_safe_rmpath(self):
+        # test file is removed
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        open(testfn, 'w').close()
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+        assert not os.path.exists(testfn)
+        # test no exception if path does not exist
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+        # test dir is removed
+        os.mkdir(testfn)
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+        assert not os.path.exists(testfn)
+        # test other exceptions are raised
+        with mock.patch(
+            'psutil.tests.os.stat', side_effect=OSError(errno.EINVAL, "")
+        ) as m:
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                safe_rmpath(testfn)
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_chdir(self):
+        testfn = self.get_testfn()
+        base = os.getcwd()
+        os.mkdir(testfn)
+        with chdir(testfn):
+            assert os.getcwd() == os.path.join(base, testfn)
+        assert os.getcwd() == base
+
+
+class TestProcessUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_reap_children(self):
+        subp = self.spawn_testproc()
+        p = psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        assert p.is_running()
+        reap_children()
+        assert not p.is_running()
+        assert not psutil.tests._pids_started
+        assert not psutil.tests._subprocesses_started
+
+    def test_spawn_children_pair(self):
+        child, grandchild = self.spawn_children_pair()
+        assert child.pid != grandchild.pid
+        assert child.is_running()
+        assert grandchild.is_running()
+        children = psutil.Process().children()
+        assert children == [child]
+        children = psutil.Process().children(recursive=True)
+        assert len(children) == 2
+        assert child in children
+        assert grandchild in children
+        assert child.ppid() == os.getpid()
+        assert grandchild.ppid() == child.pid
+
+        terminate(child)
+        assert not child.is_running()
+        assert grandchild.is_running()
+
+        terminate(grandchild)
+        assert not grandchild.is_running()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_spawn_zombie(self):
+        _parent, zombie = self.spawn_zombie()
+        assert zombie.status() == psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+
+    def test_terminate(self):
+        # by subprocess.Popen
+        p = self.spawn_testproc()
+        terminate(p)
+        self.assertPidGone(p.pid)
+        terminate(p)
+        # by psutil.Process
+        p = psutil.Process(self.spawn_testproc().pid)
+        terminate(p)
+        self.assertPidGone(p.pid)
+        terminate(p)
+        # by psutil.Popen
+        cmd = [
+            PYTHON_EXE,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)];",
+        ]
+        p = psutil.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=PYTHON_EXE_ENV,
+        )
+        terminate(p)
+        self.assertPidGone(p.pid)
+        terminate(p)
+        # by PID
+        pid = self.spawn_testproc().pid
+        terminate(pid)
+        self.assertPidGone(p.pid)
+        terminate(pid)
+        # zombie
+        if POSIX:
+            parent, zombie = self.spawn_zombie()
+            terminate(parent)
+            terminate(zombie)
+            self.assertPidGone(parent.pid)
+            self.assertPidGone(zombie.pid)
+
+
+class TestNetUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def bind_socket(self):
+        port = get_free_port()
+        with contextlib.closing(bind_socket(addr=('', port))) as s:
+            assert s.getsockname()[1] == port
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_bind_unix_socket(self):
+        name = self.get_testfn()
+        sock = bind_unix_socket(name)
+        with contextlib.closing(sock):
+            assert sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX
+            assert sock.type == socket.SOCK_STREAM
+            assert sock.getsockname() == name
+            assert os.path.exists(name)
+            assert stat.S_ISSOCK(os.stat(name).st_mode)
+        # UDP
+        name = self.get_testfn()
+        sock = bind_unix_socket(name, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+        with contextlib.closing(sock):
+            assert sock.type == socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    def test_tcp_socketpair(self):
+        addr = ("127.0.0.1", get_free_port())
+        server, client = tcp_socketpair(socket.AF_INET, addr=addr)
+        with contextlib.closing(server):
+            with contextlib.closing(client):
+                # Ensure they are connected and the positions are
+                # correct.
+                assert server.getsockname() == addr
+                assert client.getpeername() == addr
+                assert client.getsockname() != addr
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        NETBSD or FREEBSD, reason="/var/run/log UNIX socket opened by default"
+    )
+    def test_unix_socketpair(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        num_fds = p.num_fds()
+        assert (
+            filter_proc_net_connections(p.net_connections(kind='unix')) == []
+        )
+        name = self.get_testfn()
+        server, client = unix_socketpair(name)
+        try:
+            assert os.path.exists(name)
+            assert stat.S_ISSOCK(os.stat(name).st_mode)
+            assert p.num_fds() - num_fds == 2
+            assert (
+                len(
+                    filter_proc_net_connections(p.net_connections(kind='unix'))
+                )
+                == 2
+            )
+            assert server.getsockname() == name
+            assert client.getpeername() == name
+        finally:
+            client.close()
+            server.close()
+
+    def test_create_sockets(self):
+        with create_sockets() as socks:
+            fams = collections.defaultdict(int)
+            types = collections.defaultdict(int)
+            for s in socks:
+                fams[s.family] += 1
+                # work around http://bugs.python.org/issue30204
+                types[s.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_TYPE)] += 1
+            assert fams[socket.AF_INET] >= 2
+            if supports_ipv6():
+                assert fams[socket.AF_INET6] >= 2
+            if POSIX and HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX:
+                assert fams[socket.AF_UNIX] >= 2
+            assert types[socket.SOCK_STREAM] >= 2
+            assert types[socket.SOCK_DGRAM] >= 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+class TestMemLeakClass(TestMemoryLeak):
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_times(self):
+        def fun():
+            cnt['cnt'] += 1
+
+        cnt = {'cnt': 0}
+        self.execute(fun, times=10, warmup_times=15)
+        assert cnt['cnt'] == 26
+
+    def test_param_err(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.execute(lambda: 0, times=0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.execute(lambda: 0, times=-1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.execute(lambda: 0, warmup_times=-1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.execute(lambda: 0, tolerance=-1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.execute(lambda: 0, retries=-1)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(CI_TESTING, reason="skipped on CI")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(COVERAGE, reason="skipped during test coverage")
+    def test_leak_mem(self):
+        ls = []
+
+        def fun(ls=ls):
+            ls.append("x" * 248 * 1024)
+
+        try:
+            # will consume around 60M in total
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="extra-mem"):
+                self.execute(fun, times=100)
+        finally:
+            del ls
+
+    def test_unclosed_files(self):
+        def fun():
+            f = open(__file__)
+            self.addCleanup(f.close)
+            box.append(f)
+
+        box = []
+        kind = "fd" if POSIX else "handle"
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="unclosed " + kind):
+            self.execute(fun)
+
+    def test_tolerance(self):
+        def fun():
+            ls.append("x" * 24 * 1024)
+
+        ls = []
+        times = 100
+        self.execute(
+            fun, times=times, warmup_times=0, tolerance=200 * 1024 * 1024
+        )
+        assert len(ls) == times + 1
+
+    def test_execute_w_exc(self):
+        def fun_1():
+            1 / 0  # noqa
+
+        self.execute_w_exc(ZeroDivisionError, fun_1)
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            self.execute_w_exc(OSError, fun_1)
+
+        def fun_2():
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            self.execute_w_exc(ZeroDivisionError, fun_2)
+
+
+class TestFakePytest(PsutilTestCase):
+    def run_test_class(self, klass):
+        suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+        suite.addTest(klass)
+        runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
+        result = runner.run(suite)
+        return result
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        with fake_pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError) as cm:
+            1 / 0  # noqa
+        assert isinstance(cm.value, ZeroDivisionError)
+
+        with fake_pytest.raises(ValueError, match="foo") as cm:
+            raise ValueError("foo")
+
+        try:
+            with fake_pytest.raises(ValueError, match="foo") as cm:
+                raise ValueError("bar")
+        except AssertionError as err:
+            assert str(err) == '"foo" does not match "bar"'
+        else:
+            raise self.fail("exception not raised")
+
+    def test_mark(self):
+        @fake_pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+        def foo():
+            return 1
+
+        assert foo() == 1
+
+        @fake_pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+        class Foo:
+            def bar(self):
+                return 1
+
+        assert Foo().bar() == 1
+
+    def test_skipif(self):
+        class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+            @fake_pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason="reason")
+            def foo(self):
+                assert 1 == 1  # noqa
+
+        result = self.run_test_class(TestCase("foo"))
+        assert result.wasSuccessful()
+        assert len(result.skipped) == 1
+        assert result.skipped[0][1] == "reason"
+
+        class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+            @fake_pytest.mark.skipif(False, reason="reason")
+            def foo(self):
+                assert 1 == 1  # noqa
+
+        result = self.run_test_class(TestCase("foo"))
+        assert result.wasSuccessful()
+        assert len(result.skipped) == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not PY3, reason="not PY3")
+    def test_skip(self):
+        class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+            def foo(self):
+                fake_pytest.skip("reason")
+                assert 1 == 0  # noqa
+
+        result = self.run_test_class(TestCase("foo"))
+        assert result.wasSuccessful()
+        assert len(result.skipped) == 1
+        assert result.skipped[0][1] == "reason"
+
+    def test_main(self):
+        tmpdir = self.get_testfn(dir=HERE)
+        os.mkdir(tmpdir)
+        with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, "__init__.py"), "w"):
+            pass
+        with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, "test_file.py"), "w") as f:
+            f.write(textwrap.dedent("""\
+                import unittest
+
+                class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+                    def test_passed(self):
+                        pass
+                """).lstrip())
+        with mock.patch.object(psutil.tests, "HERE", tmpdir):
+            with self.assertWarnsRegex(
+                UserWarning, "Fake pytest module was used"
+            ):
+                suite = fake_pytest.main()
+                assert suite.countTestCases() == 1
+
+    def test_warns(self):
+        # success
+        with fake_pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+            warnings.warn("foo", UserWarning, stacklevel=1)
+
+        # failure
+        try:
+            with fake_pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+                warnings.warn("foo", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        except AssertionError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise self.fail("exception not raised")
+
+        # match success
+        with fake_pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="foo"):
+            warnings.warn("foo", UserWarning, stacklevel=1)
+
+        # match failure
+        try:
+            with fake_pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="foo"):
+                warnings.warn("bar", UserWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        except AssertionError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise self.fail("exception not raised")
+
+
+class TestTestingUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_process_namespace(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        ns = process_namespace(p)
+        ns.test()
+        fun = [x for x in ns.iter(ns.getters) if x[1] == 'ppid'][0][0]
+        assert fun() == p.ppid()
+
+    def test_system_namespace(self):
+        ns = system_namespace()
+        fun = [x for x in ns.iter(ns.getters) if x[1] == 'net_if_addrs'][0][0]
+        assert fun() == psutil.net_if_addrs()
+
+
+class TestOtherUtils(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_is_namedtuple(self):
+        assert is_namedtuple(collections.namedtuple('foo', 'a b c')(1, 2, 3))
+        assert not is_namedtuple(tuple())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_unicode.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_unicode.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c03aabd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_unicode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Notes about unicode handling in psutil
+======================================.
+
+Starting from version 5.3.0 psutil adds unicode support, see:
+https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1040
+The notes below apply to *any* API returning a string such as
+process exe(), cwd() or username():
+
+* all strings are encoded by using the OS filesystem encoding
+  (sys.getfilesystemencoding()) which varies depending on the platform
+  (e.g. "UTF-8" on macOS, "mbcs" on Win)
+* no API call is supposed to crash with UnicodeDecodeError
+* instead, in case of badly encoded data returned by the OS, the
+  following error handlers are used to replace the corrupted characters in
+  the string:
+    * Python 3: sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors() (PY 3.6+) or
+      "surrogatescape" on POSIX and "replace" on Windows
+    * Python 2: "replace"
+* on Python 2 all APIs return bytes (str type), never unicode
+* on Python 2, you can go back to unicode by doing:
+
+    >>> unicode(p.exe(), sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors="replace")
+
+For a detailed explanation of how psutil handles unicode see #1040.
+
+Tests
+=====
+
+List of APIs returning or dealing with a string:
+('not tested' means they are not tested to deal with non-ASCII strings):
+
+* Process.cmdline()
+* Process.cwd()
+* Process.environ()
+* Process.exe()
+* Process.memory_maps()
+* Process.name()
+* Process.net_connections('unix')
+* Process.open_files()
+* Process.username()             (not tested)
+
+* disk_io_counters()             (not tested)
+* disk_partitions()              (not tested)
+* disk_usage(str)
+* net_connections('unix')
+* net_if_addrs()                 (not tested)
+* net_if_stats()                 (not tested)
+* net_io_counters()              (not tested)
+* sensors_fans()                 (not tested)
+* sensors_temperatures()         (not tested)
+* users()                        (not tested)
+
+* WindowsService.binpath()       (not tested)
+* WindowsService.description()   (not tested)
+* WindowsService.display_name()  (not tested)
+* WindowsService.name()          (not tested)
+* WindowsService.status()        (not tested)
+* WindowsService.username()      (not tested)
+
+In here we create a unicode path with a funky non-ASCII name and (where
+possible) make psutil return it back (e.g. on name(), exe(), open_files(),
+etc.) and make sure that:
+
+* psutil never crashes with UnicodeDecodeError
+* the returned path matches
+"""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import traceback
+import warnings
+from contextlib import closing
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import BSD
+from psutil import MACOS
+from psutil import POSIX
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import PY3
+from psutil._compat import super
+from psutil.tests import APPVEYOR
+from psutil.tests import ASCII_FS
+from psutil.tests import CI_TESTING
+from psutil.tests import HAS_ENVIRON
+from psutil.tests import HAS_MEMORY_MAPS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX
+from psutil.tests import INVALID_UNICODE_SUFFIX
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import TESTFN_PREFIX
+from psutil.tests import UNICODE_SUFFIX
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import bind_unix_socket
+from psutil.tests import chdir
+from psutil.tests import copyload_shared_lib
+from psutil.tests import create_py_exe
+from psutil.tests import get_testfn
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import safe_mkdir
+from psutil.tests import safe_rmpath
+from psutil.tests import skip_on_access_denied
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+
+
+if APPVEYOR:
+
+    def safe_rmpath(path):  # NOQA
+        # TODO - this is quite random and I'm not sure why it happens,
+        # nor I can reproduce it locally:
+        # https://ci.appveyor.com/project/giampaolo/psutil/build/job/
+        #     jiq2cgd6stsbtn60
+        # safe_rmpath() happens after reap_children() so this is weird
+        # Perhaps wait_procs() on Windows is broken? Maybe because
+        # of STILL_ACTIVE?
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/blob/
+        #     68c7a70728a31d8b8b58f4be6c4c0baa2f449eda/psutil/arch/
+        #     windows/process_info.c#L146
+        from psutil.tests import safe_rmpath as rm
+
+        try:
+            return rm(path)
+        except WindowsError:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+
+
+def try_unicode(suffix):
+    """Return True if both the fs and the subprocess module can
+    deal with a unicode file name.
+    """
+    sproc = None
+    testfn = get_testfn(suffix=suffix)
+    try:
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+        create_py_exe(testfn)
+        sproc = spawn_testproc(cmd=[testfn])
+        shutil.copyfile(testfn, testfn + '-2')
+        safe_rmpath(testfn + '-2')
+    except (UnicodeEncodeError, IOError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+    finally:
+        if sproc is not None:
+            terminate(sproc)
+        safe_rmpath(testfn)
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# FS APIs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class BaseUnicodeTest(PsutilTestCase):
+    funky_suffix = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        super().setUpClass()
+        cls.skip_tests = False
+        cls.funky_name = None
+        if cls.funky_suffix is not None:
+            if not try_unicode(cls.funky_suffix):
+                cls.skip_tests = True
+            else:
+                cls.funky_name = get_testfn(suffix=cls.funky_suffix)
+                create_py_exe(cls.funky_name)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        if self.skip_tests:
+            raise pytest.skip("can't handle unicode str")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xdist_group(name="serial")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(ASCII_FS, reason="ASCII fs")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY and not PY3, reason="too much trouble on PYPY2")
+class TestFSAPIs(BaseUnicodeTest):
+    """Test FS APIs with a funky, valid, UTF8 path name."""
+
+    funky_suffix = UNICODE_SUFFIX
+
+    def expect_exact_path_match(self):
+        # Do not expect psutil to correctly handle unicode paths on
+        # Python 2 if os.listdir() is not able either.
+        here = '.' if isinstance(self.funky_name, str) else u'.'
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+            return self.funky_name in os.listdir(here)
+
+    # ---
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS and not PY3, reason="broken MACOS + PY2")
+    def test_proc_exe(self):
+        cmd = [
+            self.funky_name,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+        ]
+        subp = self.spawn_testproc(cmd)
+        p = psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        exe = p.exe()
+        assert isinstance(exe, str)
+        if self.expect_exact_path_match():
+            assert os.path.normcase(exe) == os.path.normcase(self.funky_name)
+
+    def test_proc_name(self):
+        cmd = [
+            self.funky_name,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+        ]
+        subp = self.spawn_testproc(cmd)
+        name = psutil.Process(subp.pid).name()
+        assert isinstance(name, str)
+        if self.expect_exact_path_match():
+            assert name == os.path.basename(self.funky_name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(MACOS and not PY3, reason="broken MACOS + PY2")
+    def test_proc_cmdline(self):
+        cmd = [
+            self.funky_name,
+            "-c",
+            "import time; [time.sleep(0.1) for x in range(100)]",
+        ]
+        subp = self.spawn_testproc(cmd)
+        p = psutil.Process(subp.pid)
+        cmdline = p.cmdline()
+        for part in cmdline:
+            assert isinstance(part, str)
+        if self.expect_exact_path_match():
+            assert cmdline == cmd
+
+    def test_proc_cwd(self):
+        dname = self.funky_name + "2"
+        self.addCleanup(safe_rmpath, dname)
+        safe_mkdir(dname)
+        with chdir(dname):
+            p = psutil.Process()
+            cwd = p.cwd()
+        assert isinstance(p.cwd(), str)
+        if self.expect_exact_path_match():
+            assert cwd == dname
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY and WINDOWS, reason="fails on PYPY + WINDOWS")
+    def test_proc_open_files(self):
+        p = psutil.Process()
+        start = set(p.open_files())
+        with open(self.funky_name, 'rb'):
+            new = set(p.open_files())
+        path = (new - start).pop().path
+        assert isinstance(path, str)
+        if BSD and not path:
+            # XXX - see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/595
+            raise pytest.skip("open_files on BSD is broken")
+        if self.expect_exact_path_match():
+            assert os.path.normcase(path) == os.path.normcase(self.funky_name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    def test_proc_net_connections(self):
+        name = self.get_testfn(suffix=self.funky_suffix)
+        try:
+            sock = bind_unix_socket(name)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            if PY3:
+                raise
+            else:
+                raise pytest.skip("not supported")
+        with closing(sock):
+            conn = psutil.Process().net_connections('unix')[0]
+            assert isinstance(conn.laddr, str)
+            assert conn.laddr == name
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not POSIX, reason="POSIX only")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not HAS_NET_CONNECTIONS_UNIX, reason="can't list UNIX sockets"
+    )
+    @skip_on_access_denied()
+    def test_net_connections(self):
+        def find_sock(cons):
+            for conn in cons:
+                if os.path.basename(conn.laddr).startswith(TESTFN_PREFIX):
+                    return conn
+            raise ValueError("connection not found")
+
+        name = self.get_testfn(suffix=self.funky_suffix)
+        try:
+            sock = bind_unix_socket(name)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            if PY3:
+                raise
+            else:
+                raise pytest.skip("not supported")
+        with closing(sock):
+            cons = psutil.net_connections(kind='unix')
+            conn = find_sock(cons)
+            assert isinstance(conn.laddr, str)
+            assert conn.laddr == name
+
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        dname = self.funky_name + "2"
+        self.addCleanup(safe_rmpath, dname)
+        safe_mkdir(dname)
+        psutil.disk_usage(dname)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_MEMORY_MAPS, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not PY3, reason="ctypes does not support unicode on PY2"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="unstable on PYPY")
+    def test_memory_maps(self):
+        # XXX: on Python 2, using ctypes.CDLL with a unicode path
+        # opens a message box which blocks the test run.
+        with copyload_shared_lib(suffix=self.funky_suffix) as funky_path:
+
+            def normpath(p):
+                return os.path.realpath(os.path.normcase(p))
+
+            libpaths = [
+                normpath(x.path) for x in psutil.Process().memory_maps()
+            ]
+            # ...just to have a clearer msg in case of failure
+            libpaths = [x for x in libpaths if TESTFN_PREFIX in x]
+            assert normpath(funky_path) in libpaths
+            for path in libpaths:
+                assert isinstance(path, str)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(CI_TESTING, reason="unreliable on CI")
+class TestFSAPIsWithInvalidPath(TestFSAPIs):
+    """Test FS APIs with a funky, invalid path name."""
+
+    funky_suffix = INVALID_UNICODE_SUFFIX
+
+    def expect_exact_path_match(self):
+        # Invalid unicode names are supposed to work on Python 2.
+        return True
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# Non fs APIs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestNonFSAPIS(BaseUnicodeTest):
+    """Unicode tests for non fs-related APIs."""
+
+    funky_suffix = UNICODE_SUFFIX if PY3 else 'è'
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_ENVIRON, reason="not supported")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY and WINDOWS, reason="segfaults on PYPY + WINDOWS")
+    def test_proc_environ(self):
+        # Note: differently from others, this test does not deal
+        # with fs paths. On Python 2 subprocess module is broken as
+        # it's not able to handle with non-ASCII env vars, so
+        # we use "è", which is part of the extended ASCII table
+        # (unicode point <= 255).
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env['FUNNY_ARG'] = self.funky_suffix
+        sproc = self.spawn_testproc(env=env)
+        p = psutil.Process(sproc.pid)
+        env = p.environ()
+        for k, v in env.items():
+            assert isinstance(k, str)
+            assert isinstance(v, str)
+        assert env['FUNNY_ARG'] == self.funky_suffix
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_windows.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..161e2f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*
+
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Windows specific tests."""
+
+import datetime
+import errno
+import glob
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+import warnings
+
+import psutil
+from psutil import WINDOWS
+from psutil._compat import FileNotFoundError
+from psutil._compat import super
+from psutil._compat import which
+from psutil.tests import APPVEYOR
+from psutil.tests import GITHUB_ACTIONS
+from psutil.tests import HAS_BATTERY
+from psutil.tests import IS_64BIT
+from psutil.tests import PY3
+from psutil.tests import PYPY
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+from psutil.tests import TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+from psutil.tests import PsutilTestCase
+from psutil.tests import mock
+from psutil.tests import pytest
+from psutil.tests import retry_on_failure
+from psutil.tests import sh
+from psutil.tests import spawn_testproc
+from psutil.tests import terminate
+
+
+if WINDOWS and not PYPY:
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+        import win32api  # requires "pip install pywin32"
+        import win32con
+        import win32process
+        import wmi  # requires "pip install wmi" / "make install-pydeps-test"
+
+if WINDOWS:
+    from psutil._pswindows import convert_oserror
+
+
+cext = psutil._psplatform.cext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(PYPY, reason="pywin32 not available on PYPY")
+# https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/1762#issuecomment-632892692
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    GITHUB_ACTIONS and not PY3, reason="pywin32 broken on GITHUB + PY2"
+)
+class WindowsTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    pass
+
+
+def powershell(cmd):
+    """Currently not used, but available just in case. Usage:
+
+    >>> powershell(
+        "Get-CIMInstance Win32_PageFileUsage | Select AllocatedBaseSize")
+    """
+    if not which("powershell.exe"):
+        raise pytest.skip("powershell.exe not available")
+    cmdline = (
+        'powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive '
+        + '-NoProfile -WindowStyle Hidden -Command "%s"' % cmd
+    )
+    return sh(cmdline)
+
+
+def wmic(path, what, converter=int):
+    """Currently not used, but available just in case. Usage:
+
+    >>> wmic("Win32_OperatingSystem", "FreePhysicalMemory")
+    2134124534
+    """
+    out = sh("wmic path %s get %s" % (path, what)).strip()
+    data = "".join(out.splitlines()[1:]).strip()  # get rid of the header
+    if converter is not None:
+        if "," in what:
+            return tuple([converter(x) for x in data.split()])
+        else:
+            return converter(data)
+    else:
+        return data
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# System APIs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestCpuAPIs(WindowsTestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS' not in os.environ,
+        reason="NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS env var is not available",
+    )
+    def test_cpu_count_vs_NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS(self):
+        # Will likely fail on many-cores systems:
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31209256
+        num_cpus = int(os.environ['NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS'])
+        assert num_cpus == psutil.cpu_count()
+
+    def test_cpu_count_vs_GetSystemInfo(self):
+        # Will likely fail on many-cores systems:
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31209256
+        sys_value = win32api.GetSystemInfo()[5]
+        psutil_value = psutil.cpu_count()
+        assert sys_value == psutil_value
+
+    def test_cpu_count_logical_vs_wmi(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI()
+        procs = sum(
+            proc.NumberOfLogicalProcessors for proc in w.Win32_Processor()
+        )
+        assert psutil.cpu_count() == procs
+
+    def test_cpu_count_cores_vs_wmi(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI()
+        cores = sum(proc.NumberOfCores for proc in w.Win32_Processor())
+        assert psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) == cores
+
+    def test_cpu_count_vs_cpu_times(self):
+        assert psutil.cpu_count() == len(psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True))
+
+    def test_cpu_freq(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI()
+        proc = w.Win32_Processor()[0]
+        assert proc.CurrentClockSpeed == psutil.cpu_freq().current
+        assert proc.MaxClockSpeed == psutil.cpu_freq().max
+
+
+class TestSystemAPIs(WindowsTestCase):
+    def test_nic_names(self):
+        out = sh('ipconfig /all')
+        nics = psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True).keys()
+        for nic in nics:
+            if "pseudo-interface" in nic.replace(' ', '-').lower():
+                continue
+            if nic not in out:
+                raise self.fail(
+                    "%r nic wasn't found in 'ipconfig /all' output" % nic
+                )
+
+    def test_total_phymem(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_ComputerSystem()[0]
+        assert int(w.TotalPhysicalMemory) == psutil.virtual_memory().total
+
+    def test_free_phymem(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Memory()[0]
+        assert (
+            abs(int(w.AvailableBytes) - psutil.virtual_memory().free)
+            < TOLERANCE_SYS_MEM
+        )
+
+    def test_total_swapmem(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_Memory()[0]
+        assert (
+            int(w.CommitLimit) - psutil.virtual_memory().total
+            == psutil.swap_memory().total
+        )
+        if psutil.swap_memory().total == 0:
+            assert psutil.swap_memory().free == 0
+            assert psutil.swap_memory().used == 0
+
+    def test_percent_swapmem(self):
+        if psutil.swap_memory().total > 0:
+            w = wmi.WMI().Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_PagingFile(Name="_Total")[0]
+            # calculate swap usage to percent
+            percentSwap = int(w.PercentUsage) * 100 / int(w.PercentUsage_Base)
+            # exact percent may change but should be reasonable
+            # assert within +/- 5% and between 0 and 100%
+            assert psutil.swap_memory().percent >= 0
+            assert abs(psutil.swap_memory().percent - percentSwap) < 5
+            assert psutil.swap_memory().percent <= 100
+
+    # @pytest.mark.skipif(wmi is None, reason="wmi module is not installed")
+    # def test__UPTIME(self):
+    #     # _UPTIME constant is not public but it is used internally
+    #     # as value to return for pid 0 creation time.
+    #     # WMI behaves the same.
+    #     w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+    #     p = psutil.Process(0)
+    #     wmic_create = str(w.CreationDate.split('.')[0])
+    #     psutil_create = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S",
+    #                                   time.localtime(p.create_time()))
+
+    # Note: this test is not very reliable
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(APPVEYOR, reason="test not relieable on appveyor")
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_pids(self):
+        # Note: this test might fail if the OS is starting/killing
+        # other processes in the meantime
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process()
+        wmi_pids = set([x.ProcessId for x in w])
+        psutil_pids = set(psutil.pids())
+        assert wmi_pids == psutil_pids
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_disks(self):
+        ps_parts = psutil.disk_partitions(all=True)
+        wmi_parts = wmi.WMI().Win32_LogicalDisk()
+        for ps_part in ps_parts:
+            for wmi_part in wmi_parts:
+                if ps_part.device.replace('\\', '') == wmi_part.DeviceID:
+                    if not ps_part.mountpoint:
+                        # this is usually a CD-ROM with no disk inserted
+                        break
+                    if 'cdrom' in ps_part.opts:
+                        break
+                    if ps_part.mountpoint.startswith('A:'):
+                        break  # floppy
+                    try:
+                        usage = psutil.disk_usage(ps_part.mountpoint)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        # usually this is the floppy
+                        break
+                    assert usage.total == int(wmi_part.Size)
+                    wmi_free = int(wmi_part.FreeSpace)
+                    assert usage.free == wmi_free
+                    # 10 MB tolerance
+                    if abs(usage.free - wmi_free) > 10 * 1024 * 1024:
+                        raise self.fail(
+                            "psutil=%s, wmi=%s" % (usage.free, wmi_free)
+                        )
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise self.fail("can't find partition %s" % repr(ps_part))
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_disk_usage(self):
+        for disk in psutil.disk_partitions():
+            if 'cdrom' in disk.opts:
+                continue
+            sys_value = win32api.GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(disk.mountpoint)
+            psutil_value = psutil.disk_usage(disk.mountpoint)
+            assert abs(sys_value[0] - psutil_value.free) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+            assert (
+                abs(sys_value[1] - psutil_value.total) < TOLERANCE_DISK_USAGE
+            )
+            assert psutil_value.used == psutil_value.total - psutil_value.free
+
+    def test_disk_partitions(self):
+        sys_value = [
+            x + '\\'
+            for x in win32api.GetLogicalDriveStrings().split("\\\x00")
+            if x and not x.startswith('A:')
+        ]
+        psutil_value = [
+            x.mountpoint
+            for x in psutil.disk_partitions(all=True)
+            if not x.mountpoint.startswith('A:')
+        ]
+        assert sys_value == psutil_value
+
+    def test_net_if_stats(self):
+        ps_names = set(cext.net_if_stats())
+        wmi_adapters = wmi.WMI().Win32_NetworkAdapter()
+        wmi_names = set()
+        for wmi_adapter in wmi_adapters:
+            wmi_names.add(wmi_adapter.Name)
+            wmi_names.add(wmi_adapter.NetConnectionID)
+        assert ps_names & wmi_names, "no common entries in %s, %s" % (
+            ps_names,
+            wmi_names,
+        )
+
+    def test_boot_time(self):
+        wmi_os = wmi.WMI().Win32_OperatingSystem()
+        wmi_btime_str = wmi_os[0].LastBootUpTime.split('.')[0]
+        wmi_btime_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(
+            wmi_btime_str, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S"
+        )
+        psutil_dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time())
+        diff = abs((wmi_btime_dt - psutil_dt).total_seconds())
+        assert diff <= 5
+
+    def test_boot_time_fluctuation(self):
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1007
+        with mock.patch('psutil._pswindows.cext.boot_time', return_value=5):
+            assert psutil.boot_time() == 5
+        with mock.patch('psutil._pswindows.cext.boot_time', return_value=4):
+            assert psutil.boot_time() == 5
+        with mock.patch('psutil._pswindows.cext.boot_time', return_value=6):
+            assert psutil.boot_time() == 5
+        with mock.patch('psutil._pswindows.cext.boot_time', return_value=333):
+            assert psutil.boot_time() == 333
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# sensors_battery()
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestSensorsBattery(WindowsTestCase):
+    def test_has_battery(self):
+        if win32api.GetPwrCapabilities()['SystemBatteriesPresent']:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery() is not None
+        else:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery() is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_percent(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI()
+        battery_wmi = w.query('select * from Win32_Battery')[0]
+        battery_psutil = psutil.sensors_battery()
+        assert (
+            abs(battery_psutil.percent - battery_wmi.EstimatedChargeRemaining)
+            < 1
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_BATTERY, reason="no battery")
+    def test_power_plugged(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI()
+        battery_wmi = w.query('select * from Win32_Battery')[0]
+        battery_psutil = psutil.sensors_battery()
+        # Status codes:
+        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394074(v=vs.85).aspx
+        assert battery_psutil.power_plugged == (battery_wmi.BatteryStatus == 2)
+
+    def test_emulate_no_battery(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._pswindows.cext.sensors_battery",
+            return_value=(0, 128, 0, 0),
+        ) as m:
+            assert psutil.sensors_battery() is None
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_connected(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._pswindows.cext.sensors_battery", return_value=(1, 0, 0, 0)
+        ) as m:
+            assert (
+                psutil.sensors_battery().secsleft
+                == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+            )
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_power_charging(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._pswindows.cext.sensors_battery", return_value=(0, 8, 0, 0)
+        ) as m:
+            assert (
+                psutil.sensors_battery().secsleft
+                == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
+            )
+            assert m.called
+
+    def test_emulate_secs_left_unknown(self):
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._pswindows.cext.sensors_battery",
+            return_value=(0, 0, 0, -1),
+        ) as m:
+            assert (
+                psutil.sensors_battery().secsleft == psutil.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
+            )
+            assert m.called
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# Process APIs
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+class TestProcess(WindowsTestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    def test_issue_24(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(0)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+            p.kill()
+
+    def test_special_pid(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(4)
+        assert p.name() == 'System'
+        # use __str__ to access all common Process properties to check
+        # that nothing strange happens
+        str(p)
+        p.username()
+        assert p.create_time() >= 0.0
+        try:
+            rss, _vms = p.memory_info()[:2]
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:
+            # expected on Windows Vista and Windows 7
+            if platform.uname()[1] not in {'vista', 'win-7', 'win7'}:
+                raise
+        else:
+            assert rss > 0
+
+    def test_send_signal(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            p.send_signal(signal.SIGINT)
+
+    def test_num_handles_increment(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
+        before = p.num_handles()
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, os.getpid()
+        )
+        after = p.num_handles()
+        assert after == before + 1
+        win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
+        assert p.num_handles() == before
+
+    def test_ctrl_signals(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.spawn_testproc().pid)
+        p.send_signal(signal.CTRL_C_EVENT)
+        p.send_signal(signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
+        p.kill()
+        p.wait()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+            p.send_signal(signal.CTRL_C_EVENT)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+            p.send_signal(signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
+
+    def test_username(self):
+        name = win32api.GetUserNameEx(win32con.NameSamCompatible)
+        if name.endswith('$'):
+            # When running as a service account (most likely to be
+            # NetworkService), these user name calculations don't produce the
+            # same result, causing the test to fail.
+            raise pytest.skip('running as service account')
+        assert psutil.Process().username() == name
+
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        sys_value = re.sub('[ ]+', ' ', win32api.GetCommandLine()).strip()
+        psutil_value = ' '.join(psutil.Process().cmdline())
+        if sys_value[0] == '"' != psutil_value[0]:
+            # The PyWin32 command line may retain quotes around argv[0] if they
+            # were used unnecessarily, while psutil will omit them. So remove
+            # the first 2 quotes from sys_value if not in psutil_value.
+            # A path to an executable will not contain quotes, so this is safe.
+            sys_value = sys_value.replace('"', '', 2)
+        assert sys_value == psutil_value
+
+    # XXX - occasional failures
+
+    # def test_cpu_times(self):
+    #     handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+    #                                   win32con.FALSE, os.getpid())
+    #     self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+    #     sys_value = win32process.GetProcessTimes(handle)
+    #     psutil_value = psutil.Process().cpu_times()
+    #     self.assertAlmostEqual(
+    #         psutil_value.user, sys_value['UserTime'] / 10000000.0,
+    #         delta=0.2)
+    #     self.assertAlmostEqual(
+    #         psutil_value.user, sys_value['KernelTime'] / 10000000.0,
+    #         delta=0.2)
+
+    def test_nice(self):
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, os.getpid()
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+        sys_value = win32process.GetPriorityClass(handle)
+        psutil_value = psutil.Process().nice()
+        assert psutil_value == sys_value
+
+    def test_memory_info(self):
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, self.pid
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+        sys_value = win32process.GetProcessMemoryInfo(handle)
+        psutil_value = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_info()
+        assert sys_value['PeakWorkingSetSize'] == psutil_value.peak_wset
+        assert sys_value['WorkingSetSize'] == psutil_value.wset
+        assert (
+            sys_value['QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage']
+            == psutil_value.peak_paged_pool
+        )
+        assert sys_value['QuotaPagedPoolUsage'] == psutil_value.paged_pool
+        assert (
+            sys_value['QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage']
+            == psutil_value.peak_nonpaged_pool
+        )
+        assert (
+            sys_value['QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage'] == psutil_value.nonpaged_pool
+        )
+        assert sys_value['PagefileUsage'] == psutil_value.pagefile
+        assert sys_value['PeakPagefileUsage'] == psutil_value.peak_pagefile
+
+        assert psutil_value.rss == psutil_value.wset
+        assert psutil_value.vms == psutil_value.pagefile
+
+    def test_wait(self):
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, self.pid
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        p.terminate()
+        psutil_value = p.wait()
+        sys_value = win32process.GetExitCodeProcess(handle)
+        assert psutil_value == sys_value
+
+    def test_cpu_affinity(self):
+        def from_bitmask(x):
+            return [i for i in range(64) if (1 << i) & x]
+
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, self.pid
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+        sys_value = from_bitmask(
+            win32process.GetProcessAffinityMask(handle)[0]
+        )
+        psutil_value = psutil.Process(self.pid).cpu_affinity()
+        assert psutil_value == sys_value
+
+    def test_io_counters(self):
+        handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, win32con.FALSE, os.getpid()
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(win32api.CloseHandle, handle)
+        sys_value = win32process.GetProcessIoCounters(handle)
+        psutil_value = psutil.Process().io_counters()
+        assert psutil_value.read_count == sys_value['ReadOperationCount']
+        assert psutil_value.write_count == sys_value['WriteOperationCount']
+        assert psutil_value.read_bytes == sys_value['ReadTransferCount']
+        assert psutil_value.write_bytes == sys_value['WriteTransferCount']
+        assert psutil_value.other_count == sys_value['OtherOperationCount']
+        assert psutil_value.other_bytes == sys_value['OtherTransferCount']
+
+    def test_num_handles(self):
+        import ctypes
+        import ctypes.wintypes
+
+        PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION = 0x400
+        handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(
+            PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, 0, self.pid
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle, handle)
+
+        hndcnt = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD()
+        ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessHandleCount(
+            handle, ctypes.byref(hndcnt)
+        )
+        sys_value = hndcnt.value
+        psutil_value = psutil.Process(self.pid).num_handles()
+        assert psutil_value == sys_value
+
+    def test_error_partial_copy(self):
+        # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/875
+        exc = WindowsError()
+        exc.winerror = 299
+        with mock.patch("psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_cwd", side_effect=exc):
+            with mock.patch("time.sleep") as m:
+                p = psutil.Process()
+                with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                    p.cwd()
+        assert m.call_count >= 5
+
+    def test_exe(self):
+        # NtQuerySystemInformation succeeds if process is gone. Make sure
+        # it raises NSP for a non existent pid.
+        pid = psutil.pids()[-1] + 99999
+        proc = psutil._psplatform.Process(pid)
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+            proc.exe()
+
+
+class TestProcessWMI(WindowsTestCase):
+    """Compare Process API results with WMI."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        assert p.name() == w.Caption
+
+    # This fail on github because using virtualenv for test environment
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        GITHUB_ACTIONS, reason="unreliable path on GITHUB_ACTIONS"
+    )
+    def test_exe(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        # Note: wmi reports the exe as a lower case string.
+        # Being Windows paths case-insensitive we ignore that.
+        assert p.exe().lower() == w.ExecutablePath.lower()
+
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        assert ' '.join(p.cmdline()) == w.CommandLine.replace('"', '')
+
+    def test_username(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        domain, _, username = w.GetOwner()
+        username = "%s\\%s" % (domain, username)
+        assert p.username() == username
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_memory_rss(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        rss = p.memory_info().rss
+        assert rss == int(w.WorkingSetSize)
+
+    @retry_on_failure()
+    def test_memory_vms(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        vms = p.memory_info().vms
+        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394372(VS.85).aspx
+        # ...claims that PageFileUsage is represented in Kilo
+        # bytes but funnily enough on certain platforms bytes are
+        # returned instead.
+        wmi_usage = int(w.PageFileUsage)
+        if vms not in {wmi_usage, wmi_usage * 1024}:
+            raise self.fail("wmi=%s, psutil=%s" % (wmi_usage, vms))
+
+    def test_create_time(self):
+        w = wmi.WMI().Win32_Process(ProcessId=self.pid)[0]
+        p = psutil.Process(self.pid)
+        wmic_create = str(w.CreationDate.split('.')[0])
+        psutil_create = time.strftime(
+            "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime(p.create_time())
+        )
+        assert wmic_create == psutil_create
+
+
+# ---
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+class TestDualProcessImplementation(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Certain APIs on Windows have 2 internal implementations, one
+    based on documented Windows APIs, another one based
+    NtQuerySystemInformation() which gets called as fallback in
+    case the first fails because of limited permission error.
+    Here we test that the two methods return the exact same value,
+    see:
+    https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/304.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.pid = spawn_testproc().pid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        terminate(cls.pid)
+
+    def test_memory_info(self):
+        mem_1 = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_info()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_memory_info",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "msg"),
+        ) as fun:
+            mem_2 = psutil.Process(self.pid).memory_info()
+            assert len(mem_1) == len(mem_2)
+            for i in range(len(mem_1)):
+                assert mem_1[i] >= 0
+                assert mem_2[i] >= 0
+                assert abs(mem_1[i] - mem_2[i]) < 512
+            assert fun.called
+
+    def test_create_time(self):
+        ctime = psutil.Process(self.pid).create_time()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_times",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "msg"),
+        ) as fun:
+            assert psutil.Process(self.pid).create_time() == ctime
+            assert fun.called
+
+    def test_cpu_times(self):
+        cpu_times_1 = psutil.Process(self.pid).cpu_times()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_times",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "msg"),
+        ) as fun:
+            cpu_times_2 = psutil.Process(self.pid).cpu_times()
+            assert fun.called
+            assert abs(cpu_times_1.user - cpu_times_2.user) < 0.01
+            assert abs(cpu_times_1.system - cpu_times_2.system) < 0.01
+
+    def test_io_counters(self):
+        io_counters_1 = psutil.Process(self.pid).io_counters()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_io_counters",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "msg"),
+        ) as fun:
+            io_counters_2 = psutil.Process(self.pid).io_counters()
+            for i in range(len(io_counters_1)):
+                assert abs(io_counters_1[i] - io_counters_2[i]) < 5
+            assert fun.called
+
+    def test_num_handles(self):
+        num_handles = psutil.Process(self.pid).num_handles()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.proc_num_handles",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.EPERM, "msg"),
+        ) as fun:
+            assert psutil.Process(self.pid).num_handles() == num_handles
+            assert fun.called
+
+    def test_cmdline(self):
+        for pid in psutil.pids():
+            try:
+                a = cext.proc_cmdline(pid, use_peb=True)
+                b = cext.proc_cmdline(pid, use_peb=False)
+            except OSError as err:
+                err = convert_oserror(err)
+                if not isinstance(
+                    err, (psutil.AccessDenied, psutil.NoSuchProcess)
+                ):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                assert a == b
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+class RemoteProcessTestCase(PsutilTestCase):
+    """Certain functions require calling ReadProcessMemory.
+    This trivially works when called on the current process.
+    Check that this works on other processes, especially when they
+    have a different bitness.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def find_other_interpreter():
+        # find a python interpreter that is of the opposite bitness from us
+        code = "import sys; sys.stdout.write(str(sys.maxsize > 2**32))"
+
+        # XXX: a different and probably more stable approach might be to access
+        # the registry but accessing 64 bit paths from a 32 bit process
+        for filename in glob.glob(r"C:\Python*\python.exe"):
+            proc = subprocess.Popen(
+                args=[filename, "-c", code],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+            )
+            output, _ = proc.communicate()
+            proc.wait()
+            if output == str(not IS_64BIT):
+                return filename
+
+    test_args = ["-c", "import sys; sys.stdin.read()"]
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+
+        other_python = self.find_other_interpreter()
+        if other_python is None:
+            raise pytest.skip(
+                "could not find interpreter with opposite bitness"
+            )
+        if IS_64BIT:
+            self.python64 = sys.executable
+            self.python32 = other_python
+        else:
+            self.python64 = other_python
+            self.python32 = sys.executable
+
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["THINK_OF_A_NUMBER"] = str(os.getpid())
+        self.proc32 = self.spawn_testproc(
+            [self.python32] + self.test_args, env=env, stdin=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        self.proc64 = self.spawn_testproc(
+            [self.python64] + self.test_args, env=env, stdin=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        super().tearDown()
+        self.proc32.communicate()
+        self.proc64.communicate()
+
+    def test_cmdline_32(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc32.pid)
+        assert len(p.cmdline()) == 3
+        assert p.cmdline()[1:] == self.test_args
+
+    def test_cmdline_64(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc64.pid)
+        assert len(p.cmdline()) == 3
+        assert p.cmdline()[1:] == self.test_args
+
+    def test_cwd_32(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc32.pid)
+        assert p.cwd() == os.getcwd()
+
+    def test_cwd_64(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc64.pid)
+        assert p.cwd() == os.getcwd()
+
+    def test_environ_32(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc32.pid)
+        e = p.environ()
+        assert "THINK_OF_A_NUMBER" in e
+        assert e["THINK_OF_A_NUMBER"] == str(os.getpid())
+
+    def test_environ_64(self):
+        p = psutil.Process(self.proc64.pid)
+        try:
+            p.environ()
+        except psutil.AccessDenied:
+            pass
+
+
+# ===================================================================
+# Windows services
+# ===================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not WINDOWS, reason="WINDOWS only")
+class TestServices(PsutilTestCase):
+    def test_win_service_iter(self):
+        valid_statuses = set([
+            "running",
+            "paused",
+            "start",
+            "pause",
+            "continue",
+            "stop",
+            "stopped",
+        ])
+        valid_start_types = set(["automatic", "manual", "disabled"])
+        valid_statuses = set([
+            "running",
+            "paused",
+            "start_pending",
+            "pause_pending",
+            "continue_pending",
+            "stop_pending",
+            "stopped",
+        ])
+        for serv in psutil.win_service_iter():
+            data = serv.as_dict()
+            assert isinstance(data['name'], str)
+            assert data['name'].strip()
+            assert isinstance(data['display_name'], str)
+            assert isinstance(data['username'], str)
+            assert data['status'] in valid_statuses
+            if data['pid'] is not None:
+                psutil.Process(data['pid'])
+            assert isinstance(data['binpath'], str)
+            assert isinstance(data['username'], str)
+            assert isinstance(data['start_type'], str)
+            assert data['start_type'] in valid_start_types
+            assert data['status'] in valid_statuses
+            assert isinstance(data['description'], str)
+            pid = serv.pid()
+            if pid is not None:
+                p = psutil.Process(pid)
+                assert p.is_running()
+            # win_service_get
+            s = psutil.win_service_get(serv.name())
+            # test __eq__
+            assert serv == s
+
+    def test_win_service_get(self):
+        ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = (
+            psutil._psplatform.cext.ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST
+        )
+        ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = psutil._psplatform.cext.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
+
+        name = next(psutil.win_service_iter()).name()
+        with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess) as cm:
+            psutil.win_service_get(name + '???')
+        assert cm.value.name == name + '???'
+
+        # test NoSuchProcess
+        service = psutil.win_service_get(name)
+        if PY3:
+            args = (0, "msg", 0, ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+        else:
+            args = (ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST, "msg")
+        exc = WindowsError(*args)
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.winservice_query_status", side_effect=exc
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                service.status()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.winservice_query_config", side_effect=exc
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.NoSuchProcess):
+                service.username()
+
+        # test AccessDenied
+        if PY3:
+            args = (0, "msg", 0, ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
+        else:
+            args = (ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, "msg")
+        exc = WindowsError(*args)
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.winservice_query_status", side_effect=exc
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                service.status()
+        with mock.patch(
+            "psutil._psplatform.cext.winservice_query_config", side_effect=exc
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(psutil.AccessDenied):
+                service.username()
+
+        # test __str__ and __repr__
+        assert service.name() in str(service)
+        assert service.display_name() in str(service)
+        assert service.name() in repr(service)
+        assert service.display_name() in repr(service)