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authorS. Solomon Darnell2025-03-28 21:52:21 -0500
committerS. Solomon Darnell2025-03-28 21:52:21 -0500
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+"""Functions for computing an approximate minimum weight vertex cover.
+
+A |vertex cover|_ is a subset of nodes such that each edge in the graph
+is incident to at least one node in the subset.
+
+.. _vertex cover: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_cover
+.. |vertex cover| replace:: *vertex cover*
+
+"""
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+__all__ = ["min_weighted_vertex_cover"]
+
+
+@nx._dispatchable(node_attrs="weight")
+def min_weighted_vertex_cover(G, weight=None):
+    r"""Returns an approximate minimum weighted vertex cover.
+
+    The set of nodes returned by this function is guaranteed to be a
+    vertex cover, and the total weight of the set is guaranteed to be at
+    most twice the total weight of the minimum weight vertex cover. In
+    other words,
+
+    .. math::
+
+       w(S) \leq 2 * w(S^*),
+
+    where $S$ is the vertex cover returned by this function,
+    $S^*$ is the vertex cover of minimum weight out of all vertex
+    covers of the graph, and $w$ is the function that computes the
+    sum of the weights of each node in that given set.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : NetworkX graph
+
+    weight : string, optional (default = None)
+        If None, every node has weight 1. If a string, use this node
+        attribute as the node weight. A node without this attribute is
+        assumed to have weight 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    min_weighted_cover : set
+        Returns a set of nodes whose weight sum is no more than twice
+        the weight sum of the minimum weight vertex cover.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a directed graph, a vertex cover has the same definition: a set
+    of nodes such that each edge in the graph is incident to at least
+    one node in the set. Whether the node is the head or tail of the
+    directed edge is ignored.
+
+    This is the local-ratio algorithm for computing an approximate
+    vertex cover. The algorithm greedily reduces the costs over edges,
+    iteratively building a cover. The worst-case runtime of this
+    implementation is $O(m \log n)$, where $n$ is the number
+    of nodes and $m$ the number of edges in the graph.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Bar-Yehuda, R., and Even, S. (1985). "A local-ratio theorem for
+       approximating the weighted vertex cover problem."
+       *Annals of Discrete Mathematics*, 25, 27–46
+       <http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~reuven/PDF/vc_lr.pdf>
+
+    """
+    cost = dict(G.nodes(data=weight, default=1))
+    # While there are uncovered edges, choose an uncovered and update
+    # the cost of the remaining edges.
+    cover = set()
+    for u, v in G.edges():
+        if u in cover or v in cover:
+            continue
+        if cost[u] <= cost[v]:
+            cover.add(u)
+            cost[v] -= cost[u]
+        else:
+            cover.add(v)
+            cost[u] -= cost[v]
+    return cover