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+"""Beautiful Soup Elixir and Tonic - "The Screen-Scraper's Friend".
+
+http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
+
+Beautiful Soup uses a pluggable XML or HTML parser to parse a
+(possibly invalid) document into a tree representation. Beautiful Soup
+provides methods and Pythonic idioms that make it easy to navigate,
+search, and modify the parse tree.
+
+Beautiful Soup works with Python 3.7 and up. It works better if lxml
+and/or html5lib is installed, but they are not required.
+
+For more than you ever wanted to know about Beautiful Soup, see the
+documentation: http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/
+"""
+
+__author__ = "Leonard Richardson (leonardr@segfault.org)"
+__version__ = "4.13.3"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004-2025 Leonard Richardson"
+# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
+__license__ = "MIT"
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AttributeResemblesVariableWarning",
+    "BeautifulSoup",
+    "Comment",
+    "Declaration",
+    "ProcessingInstruction",
+    "ResultSet",
+    "CSS",
+    "Script",
+    "Stylesheet",
+    "Tag",
+    "TemplateString",
+    "ElementFilter",
+    "UnicodeDammit",
+    "CData",
+    "Doctype",
+
+    # Exceptions
+    "FeatureNotFound",
+    "ParserRejectedMarkup",
+    "StopParsing",
+
+    # Warnings
+    "AttributeResemblesVariableWarning",
+    "GuessedAtParserWarning",
+    "MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning",
+    "UnusualUsageWarning",
+    "XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning",
+]
+
+from collections import Counter
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+# The very first thing we do is give a useful error if someone is
+# running this code under Python 2.
+if sys.version_info.major < 3:
+    raise ImportError(
+        "You are trying to use a Python 3-specific version of Beautiful Soup under Python 2. This will not work. The final version of Beautiful Soup to support Python 2 was 4.9.3."
+    )
+
+from .builder import (
+    builder_registry,
+    TreeBuilder,
+)
+from .builder._htmlparser import HTMLParserTreeBuilder
+from .dammit import UnicodeDammit
+from .css import CSS
+from ._deprecation import (
+    _deprecated,
+)
+from .element import (
+    CData,
+    Comment,
+    DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
+    Declaration,
+    Doctype,
+    NavigableString,
+    PageElement,
+    ProcessingInstruction,
+    PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS,
+    ResultSet,
+    Script,
+    Stylesheet,
+    Tag,
+    TemplateString,
+)
+from .formatter import Formatter
+from .filter import (
+    ElementFilter,
+    SoupStrainer,
+)
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    cast,
+    Counter as CounterType,
+    Dict,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Sequence,
+    Optional,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from bs4._typing import (
+    _Encoding,
+    _Encodings,
+    _IncomingMarkup,
+    _InsertableElement,
+    _RawAttributeValue,
+    _RawAttributeValues,
+    _RawMarkup,
+)
+
+# Import all warnings and exceptions into the main package.
+from bs4.exceptions import (
+    FeatureNotFound,
+    ParserRejectedMarkup,
+    StopParsing,
+)
+from bs4._warnings import (
+    AttributeResemblesVariableWarning,
+    GuessedAtParserWarning,
+    MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning,
+    UnusualUsageWarning,
+    XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning,
+)
+
+
+class BeautifulSoup(Tag):
+    """A data structure representing a parsed HTML or XML document.
+
+    Most of the methods you'll call on a BeautifulSoup object are inherited from
+    PageElement or Tag.
+
+    Internally, this class defines the basic interface called by the
+    tree builders when converting an HTML/XML document into a data
+    structure. The interface abstracts away the differences between
+    parsers. To write a new tree builder, you'll need to understand
+    these methods as a whole.
+
+    These methods will be called by the BeautifulSoup constructor:
+      * reset()
+      * feed(markup)
+
+    The tree builder may call these methods from its feed() implementation:
+      * handle_starttag(name, attrs) # See note about return value
+      * handle_endtag(name)
+      * handle_data(data) # Appends to the current data node
+      * endData(containerClass) # Ends the current data node
+
+    No matter how complicated the underlying parser is, you should be
+    able to build a tree using 'start tag' events, 'end tag' events,
+    'data' events, and "done with data" events.
+
+    If you encounter an empty-element tag (aka a self-closing tag,
+    like HTML's <br> tag), call handle_starttag and then
+    handle_endtag.
+    """
+
+    #: Since `BeautifulSoup` subclasses `Tag`, it's possible to treat it as
+    #: a `Tag` with a `Tag.name`. Hoever, this name makes it clear the
+    #: `BeautifulSoup` object isn't a real markup tag.
+    ROOT_TAG_NAME: str = "[document]"
+
+    #: If the end-user gives no indication which tree builder they
+    #: want, look for one with these features.
+    DEFAULT_BUILDER_FEATURES: Sequence[str] = ["html", "fast"]
+
+    #: A string containing all ASCII whitespace characters, used in
+    #: during parsing to detect data chunks that seem 'empty'.
+    ASCII_SPACES: str = "\x20\x0a\x09\x0c\x0d"
+
+    # FUTURE PYTHON:
+    element_classes: Dict[Type[PageElement], Type[PageElement]]  #: :meta private:
+    builder: TreeBuilder  #: :meta private:
+    is_xml: bool
+    known_xml: Optional[bool]
+    parse_only: Optional[SoupStrainer]  #: :meta private:
+
+    # These members are only used while parsing markup.
+    markup: Optional[_RawMarkup]  #: :meta private:
+    current_data: List[str]  #: :meta private:
+    currentTag: Optional[Tag]  #: :meta private:
+    tagStack: List[Tag]  #: :meta private:
+    open_tag_counter: CounterType[str]  #: :meta private:
+    preserve_whitespace_tag_stack: List[Tag]  #: :meta private:
+    string_container_stack: List[Tag]  #: :meta private:
+    _most_recent_element: Optional[PageElement]  #: :meta private:
+
+    #: Beautiful Soup's best guess as to the character encoding of the
+    #: original document.
+    original_encoding: Optional[_Encoding]
+
+    #: The character encoding, if any, that was explicitly defined
+    #: in the original document. This may or may not match
+    #: `BeautifulSoup.original_encoding`.
+    declared_html_encoding: Optional[_Encoding]
+
+    #: This is True if the markup that was parsed contains
+    #: U+FFFD REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER characters which were not present
+    #: in the original markup. These mark character sequences that
+    #: could not be represented in Unicode.
+    contains_replacement_characters: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        markup: _IncomingMarkup = "",
+        features: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        builder: Optional[Union[TreeBuilder, Type[TreeBuilder]]] = None,
+        parse_only: Optional[SoupStrainer] = None,
+        from_encoding: Optional[_Encoding] = None,
+        exclude_encodings: Optional[_Encodings] = None,
+        element_classes: Optional[Dict[Type[PageElement], Type[PageElement]]] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        """Constructor.
+
+        :param markup: A string or a file-like object representing
+         markup to be parsed.
+
+        :param features: Desirable features of the parser to be
+         used. This may be the name of a specific parser ("lxml",
+         "lxml-xml", "html.parser", or "html5lib") or it may be the
+         type of markup to be used ("html", "html5", "xml"). It's
+         recommended that you name a specific parser, so that
+         Beautiful Soup gives you the same results across platforms
+         and virtual environments.
+
+        :param builder: A TreeBuilder subclass to instantiate (or
+         instance to use) instead of looking one up based on
+         `features`. You only need to use this if you've implemented a
+         custom TreeBuilder.
+
+        :param parse_only: A SoupStrainer. Only parts of the document
+         matching the SoupStrainer will be considered. This is useful
+         when parsing part of a document that would otherwise be too
+         large to fit into memory.
+
+        :param from_encoding: A string indicating the encoding of the
+         document to be parsed. Pass this in if Beautiful Soup is
+         guessing wrongly about the document's encoding.
+
+        :param exclude_encodings: A list of strings indicating
+         encodings known to be wrong. Pass this in if you don't know
+         the document's encoding but you know Beautiful Soup's guess is
+         wrong.
+
+        :param element_classes: A dictionary mapping BeautifulSoup
+         classes like Tag and NavigableString, to other classes you'd
+         like to be instantiated instead as the parse tree is
+         built. This is useful for subclassing Tag or NavigableString
+         to modify default behavior.
+
+        :param kwargs: For backwards compatibility purposes, the
+         constructor accepts certain keyword arguments used in
+         Beautiful Soup 3. None of these arguments do anything in
+         Beautiful Soup 4; they will result in a warning and then be
+         ignored.
+
+         Apart from this, any keyword arguments passed into the
+         BeautifulSoup constructor are propagated to the TreeBuilder
+         constructor. This makes it possible to configure a
+         TreeBuilder by passing in arguments, not just by saying which
+         one to use.
+        """
+        if "convertEntities" in kwargs:
+            del kwargs["convertEntities"]
+            warnings.warn(
+                "BS4 does not respect the convertEntities argument to the "
+                "BeautifulSoup constructor. Entities are always converted "
+                "to Unicode characters."
+            )
+
+        if "markupMassage" in kwargs:
+            del kwargs["markupMassage"]
+            warnings.warn(
+                "BS4 does not respect the markupMassage argument to the "
+                "BeautifulSoup constructor. The tree builder is responsible "
+                "for any necessary markup massage."
+            )
+
+        if "smartQuotesTo" in kwargs:
+            del kwargs["smartQuotesTo"]
+            warnings.warn(
+                "BS4 does not respect the smartQuotesTo argument to the "
+                "BeautifulSoup constructor. Smart quotes are always converted "
+                "to Unicode characters."
+            )
+
+        if "selfClosingTags" in kwargs:
+            del kwargs["selfClosingTags"]
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Beautiful Soup 4 does not respect the selfClosingTags argument to the "
+                "BeautifulSoup constructor. The tree builder is responsible "
+                "for understanding self-closing tags."
+            )
+
+        if "isHTML" in kwargs:
+            del kwargs["isHTML"]
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Beautiful Soup 4 does not respect the isHTML argument to the "
+                "BeautifulSoup constructor. Suggest you use "
+                "features='lxml' for HTML and features='lxml-xml' for "
+                "XML."
+            )
+
+        def deprecated_argument(old_name: str, new_name: str) -> Optional[Any]:
+            if old_name in kwargs:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'The "%s" argument to the BeautifulSoup constructor '
+                    'was renamed to "%s" in Beautiful Soup 4.0.0'
+                    % (old_name, new_name),
+                    DeprecationWarning,
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+                return kwargs.pop(old_name)
+            return None
+
+        parse_only = parse_only or deprecated_argument("parseOnlyThese", "parse_only")
+        if parse_only is not None:
+            # Issue a warning if we can tell in advance that
+            # parse_only will exclude the entire tree.
+            if parse_only.excludes_everything:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"The given value for parse_only will exclude everything: {parse_only}",
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        from_encoding = from_encoding or deprecated_argument(
+            "fromEncoding", "from_encoding"
+        )
+
+        if from_encoding and isinstance(markup, str):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "You provided Unicode markup but also provided a value for from_encoding. Your from_encoding will be ignored."
+            )
+            from_encoding = None
+
+        self.element_classes = element_classes or dict()
+
+        # We need this information to track whether or not the builder
+        # was specified well enough that we can omit the 'you need to
+        # specify a parser' warning.
+        original_builder = builder
+        original_features = features
+
+        builder_class: Type[TreeBuilder]
+        if isinstance(builder, type):
+            # A builder class was passed in; it needs to be instantiated.
+            builder_class = builder
+            builder = None
+        elif builder is None:
+            if isinstance(features, str):
+                features = [features]
+            if features is None or len(features) == 0:
+                features = self.DEFAULT_BUILDER_FEATURES
+            possible_builder_class = builder_registry.lookup(*features)
+            if possible_builder_class is None:
+                raise FeatureNotFound(
+                    "Couldn't find a tree builder with the features you "
+                    "requested: %s. Do you need to install a parser library?"
+                    % ",".join(features)
+                )
+            builder_class = possible_builder_class
+
+        # At this point either we have a TreeBuilder instance in
+        # builder, or we have a builder_class that we can instantiate
+        # with the remaining **kwargs.
+        if builder is None:
+            builder = builder_class(**kwargs)
+            if (
+                not original_builder
+                and not (
+                    original_features == builder.NAME
+                    or (
+                        isinstance(original_features, str)
+                        and original_features in builder.ALTERNATE_NAMES
+                    )
+                )
+                and markup
+            ):
+                # The user did not tell us which TreeBuilder to use,
+                # and we had to guess. Issue a warning.
+                if builder.is_xml:
+                    markup_type = "XML"
+                else:
+                    markup_type = "HTML"
+
+                # This code adapted from warnings.py so that we get the same line
+                # of code as our warnings.warn() call gets, even if the answer is wrong
+                # (as it may be in a multithreading situation).
+                caller = None
+                try:
+                    caller = sys._getframe(1)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                if caller:
+                    globals = caller.f_globals
+                    line_number = caller.f_lineno
+                else:
+                    globals = sys.__dict__
+                    line_number = 1
+                filename = globals.get("__file__")
+                if filename:
+                    fnl = filename.lower()
+                    if fnl.endswith((".pyc", ".pyo")):
+                        filename = filename[:-1]
+                if filename:
+                    # If there is no filename at all, the user is most likely in a REPL,
+                    # and the warning is not necessary.
+                    values = dict(
+                        filename=filename,
+                        line_number=line_number,
+                        parser=builder.NAME,
+                        markup_type=markup_type,
+                    )
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        GuessedAtParserWarning.MESSAGE % values,
+                        GuessedAtParserWarning,
+                        stacklevel=2,
+                    )
+        else:
+            if kwargs:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Keyword arguments to the BeautifulSoup constructor will be ignored. These would normally be passed into the TreeBuilder constructor, but a TreeBuilder instance was passed in as `builder`."
+                )
+
+        self.builder = builder
+        self.is_xml = builder.is_xml
+        self.known_xml = self.is_xml
+        self._namespaces = dict()
+        self.parse_only = parse_only
+
+        if hasattr(markup, "read"):  # It's a file-type object.
+            markup = markup.read()
+        elif not isinstance(markup, (bytes, str)) and not hasattr(markup, "__len__"):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Incoming markup is of an invalid type: {markup!r}. Markup must be a string, a bytestring, or an open filehandle."
+            )
+        elif len(markup) <= 256 and (
+            (isinstance(markup, bytes) and b"<" not in markup and b"\n" not in markup)
+            or (isinstance(markup, str) and "<" not in markup and "\n" not in markup)
+        ):
+            # Issue warnings for a couple beginner problems
+            # involving passing non-markup to Beautiful Soup.
+            # Beautiful Soup will still parse the input as markup,
+            # since that is sometimes the intended behavior.
+            if not self._markup_is_url(markup):
+                self._markup_resembles_filename(markup)
+
+        # At this point we know markup is a string or bytestring.  If
+        # it was a file-type object, we've read from it.
+        markup = cast(_RawMarkup, markup)
+
+        rejections = []
+        success = False
+        for (
+            self.markup,
+            self.original_encoding,
+            self.declared_html_encoding,
+            self.contains_replacement_characters,
+        ) in self.builder.prepare_markup(
+            markup, from_encoding, exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings
+        ):
+            self.reset()
+            self.builder.initialize_soup(self)
+            try:
+                self._feed()
+                success = True
+                break
+            except ParserRejectedMarkup as e:
+                rejections.append(e)
+                pass
+
+        if not success:
+            other_exceptions = [str(e) for e in rejections]
+            raise ParserRejectedMarkup(
+                "The markup you provided was rejected by the parser. Trying a different parser or a different encoding may help.\n\nOriginal exception(s) from parser:\n "
+                + "\n ".join(other_exceptions)
+            )
+
+        # Clear out the markup and remove the builder's circular
+        # reference to this object.
+        self.markup = None
+        self.builder.soup = None
+
+    def copy_self(self) -> "BeautifulSoup":
+        """Create a new BeautifulSoup object with the same TreeBuilder,
+        but not associated with any markup.
+
+        This is the first step of the deepcopy process.
+        """
+        clone = type(self)("", None, self.builder)
+
+        # Keep track of the encoding of the original document,
+        # since we won't be parsing it again.
+        clone.original_encoding = self.original_encoding
+        return clone
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # Frequently a tree builder can't be pickled.
+        d = dict(self.__dict__)
+        if "builder" in d and d["builder"] is not None and not self.builder.picklable:
+            d["builder"] = type(self.builder)
+        # Store the contents as a Unicode string.
+        d["contents"] = []
+        d["markup"] = self.decode()
+
+        # If _most_recent_element is present, it's a Tag object left
+        # over from initial parse. It might not be picklable and we
+        # don't need it.
+        if "_most_recent_element" in d:
+            del d["_most_recent_element"]
+        return d
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        # If necessary, restore the TreeBuilder by looking it up.
+        self.__dict__ = state
+        if isinstance(self.builder, type):
+            self.builder = self.builder()
+        elif not self.builder:
+            # We don't know which builder was used to build this
+            # parse tree, so use a default we know is always available.
+            self.builder = HTMLParserTreeBuilder()
+        self.builder.soup = self
+        self.reset()
+        self._feed()
+
+    @classmethod
+    @_deprecated(
+        replaced_by="nothing (private method, will be removed)", version="4.13.0"
+    )
+    def _decode_markup(cls, markup: _RawMarkup) -> str:
+        """Ensure `markup` is Unicode so it's safe to send into warnings.warn.
+
+        warnings.warn had this problem back in 2010 but fortunately
+        not anymore. This has not been used for a long time; I just
+        noticed that fact while working on 4.13.0.
+        """
+        if isinstance(markup, bytes):
+            decoded = markup.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+        else:
+            decoded = markup
+        return decoded
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _markup_is_url(cls, markup: _RawMarkup) -> bool:
+        """Error-handling method to raise a warning if incoming markup looks
+        like a URL.
+
+        :param markup: A string of markup.
+        :return: Whether or not the markup resembled a URL
+            closely enough to justify issuing a warning.
+        """
+        problem: bool = False
+        if isinstance(markup, bytes):
+            problem = (
+                any(markup.startswith(prefix) for prefix in (b"http:", b"https:"))
+                and b" " not in markup
+            )
+        elif isinstance(markup, str):
+            problem = (
+                any(markup.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("http:", "https:"))
+                and " " not in markup
+            )
+        else:
+            return False
+
+        if not problem:
+            return False
+        warnings.warn(
+            MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning.URL_MESSAGE % dict(what="URL"),
+            MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _markup_resembles_filename(cls, markup: _RawMarkup) -> bool:
+        """Error-handling method to issue a warning if incoming markup
+        resembles a filename.
+
+        :param markup: A string of markup.
+        :return: Whether or not the markup resembled a filename
+            closely enough to justify issuing a warning.
+        """
+        markup_b: bytes
+
+        # We're only checking ASCII characters, so rather than write
+        # the same tests twice, convert Unicode to a bytestring and
+        # operate on the bytestring.
+        if isinstance(markup, str):
+            markup_b = markup.encode("utf8")
+        else:
+            markup_b = markup
+
+        # Step 1: does it end with a common textual file extension?
+        filelike = False
+        lower = markup_b.lower()
+        extensions = [b".html", b".htm", b".xml", b".xhtml", b".txt"]
+        if any(lower.endswith(ext) for ext in extensions):
+            filelike = True
+        if not filelike:
+            return False
+
+        # Step 2: it _might_ be a file, but there are a few things
+        # we can look for that aren't very common in filenames.
+
+        # Characters that have special meaning to Unix shells. (< was
+        # excluded before this method was called.)
+        #
+        # Many of these are also reserved characters that cannot
+        # appear in Windows filenames.
+        for byte in markup_b:
+            if byte in b"?*#&;>$|":
+                return False
+
+        # Two consecutive forward slashes (as seen in a URL) or two
+        # consecutive spaces (as seen in fixed-width data).
+        #
+        # (Paths to Windows network shares contain consecutive
+        #  backslashes, so checking that doesn't seem as helpful.)
+        if b"//" in markup_b:
+            return False
+        if b"  " in markup_b:
+            return False
+
+        # A colon in any position other than position 1 (e.g. after a
+        # Windows drive letter).
+        if markup_b.startswith(b":"):
+            return False
+        colon_i = markup_b.rfind(b":")
+        if colon_i not in (-1, 1):
+            return False
+
+        # Step 3: If it survived all of those checks, it's similar
+        # enough to a file to justify issuing a warning.
+        warnings.warn(
+            MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning.FILENAME_MESSAGE % dict(what="filename"),
+            MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+        return True
+
+    def _feed(self) -> None:
+        """Internal method that parses previously set markup, creating a large
+        number of Tag and NavigableString objects.
+        """
+        # Convert the document to Unicode.
+        self.builder.reset()
+
+        if self.markup is not None:
+            self.builder.feed(self.markup)
+        # Close out any unfinished strings and close all the open tags.
+        self.endData()
+        while (
+            self.currentTag is not None and self.currentTag.name != self.ROOT_TAG_NAME
+        ):
+            self.popTag()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset this object to a state as though it had never parsed any
+        markup.
+        """
+        Tag.__init__(self, self, self.builder, self.ROOT_TAG_NAME)
+        self.hidden = True
+        self.builder.reset()
+        self.current_data = []
+        self.currentTag = None
+        self.tagStack = []
+        self.open_tag_counter = Counter()
+        self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack = []
+        self.string_container_stack = []
+        self._most_recent_element = None
+        self.pushTag(self)
+
+    def new_tag(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        namespace: Optional[str] = None,
+        nsprefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        attrs: Optional[_RawAttributeValues] = None,
+        sourceline: Optional[int] = None,
+        sourcepos: Optional[int] = None,
+        string: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwattrs: _RawAttributeValue,
+    ) -> Tag:
+        """Create a new Tag associated with this BeautifulSoup object.
+
+        :param name: The name of the new Tag.
+        :param namespace: The URI of the new Tag's XML namespace, if any.
+        :param prefix: The prefix for the new Tag's XML namespace, if any.
+        :param attrs: A dictionary of this Tag's attribute values; can
+            be used instead of ``kwattrs`` for attributes like 'class'
+            that are reserved words in Python.
+        :param sourceline: The line number where this tag was
+            (purportedly) found in its source document.
+        :param sourcepos: The character position within ``sourceline`` where this
+            tag was (purportedly) found.
+        :param string: String content for the new Tag, if any.
+        :param kwattrs: Keyword arguments for the new Tag's attribute values.
+
+        """
+        attr_container = self.builder.attribute_dict_class(**kwattrs)
+        if attrs is not None:
+            attr_container.update(attrs)
+        tag_class = self.element_classes.get(Tag, Tag)
+
+        # Assume that this is either Tag or a subclass of Tag. If not,
+        # the user brought type-unsafety upon themselves.
+        tag_class = cast(Type[Tag], tag_class)
+        tag = tag_class(
+            None,
+            self.builder,
+            name,
+            namespace,
+            nsprefix,
+            attr_container,
+            sourceline=sourceline,
+            sourcepos=sourcepos,
+        )
+
+        if string is not None:
+            tag.string = string
+        return tag
+
+    def string_container(
+        self, base_class: Optional[Type[NavigableString]] = None
+    ) -> Type[NavigableString]:
+        """Find the class that should be instantiated to hold a given kind of
+        string.
+
+        This may be a built-in Beautiful Soup class or a custom class passed
+        in to the BeautifulSoup constructor.
+        """
+        container = base_class or NavigableString
+
+        # The user may want us to use some other class (hopefully a
+        # custom subclass) instead of the one we'd use normally.
+        container = cast(
+            Type[NavigableString], self.element_classes.get(container, container)
+        )
+
+        # On top of that, we may be inside a tag that needs a special
+        # container class.
+        if self.string_container_stack and container is NavigableString:
+            container = self.builder.string_containers.get(
+                self.string_container_stack[-1].name, container
+            )
+        return container
+
+    def new_string(
+        self, s: str, subclass: Optional[Type[NavigableString]] = None
+    ) -> NavigableString:
+        """Create a new `NavigableString` associated with this `BeautifulSoup`
+        object.
+
+        :param s: The string content of the `NavigableString`
+        :param subclass: The subclass of `NavigableString`, if any, to
+               use. If a document is being processed, an appropriate
+               subclass for the current location in the document will
+               be determined automatically.
+        """
+        container = self.string_container(subclass)
+        return container(s)
+
+    def insert_before(self, *args: _InsertableElement) -> List[PageElement]:
+        """This method is part of the PageElement API, but `BeautifulSoup` doesn't implement
+        it because there is nothing before or after it in the parse tree.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "BeautifulSoup objects don't support insert_before()."
+        )
+
+    def insert_after(self, *args: _InsertableElement) -> List[PageElement]:
+        """This method is part of the PageElement API, but `BeautifulSoup` doesn't implement
+        it because there is nothing before or after it in the parse tree.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("BeautifulSoup objects don't support insert_after().")
+
+    def popTag(self) -> Optional[Tag]:
+        """Internal method called by _popToTag when a tag is closed.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if not self.tagStack:
+            # Nothing to pop. This shouldn't happen.
+            return None
+        tag = self.tagStack.pop()
+        if tag.name in self.open_tag_counter:
+            self.open_tag_counter[tag.name] -= 1
+        if (
+            self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack
+            and tag == self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack[-1]
+        ):
+            self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack.pop()
+        if self.string_container_stack and tag == self.string_container_stack[-1]:
+            self.string_container_stack.pop()
+        # print("Pop", tag.name)
+        if self.tagStack:
+            self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
+        return self.currentTag
+
+    def pushTag(self, tag: Tag) -> None:
+        """Internal method called by handle_starttag when a tag is opened.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # print("Push", tag.name)
+        if self.currentTag is not None:
+            self.currentTag.contents.append(tag)
+        self.tagStack.append(tag)
+        self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
+        if tag.name != self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
+            self.open_tag_counter[tag.name] += 1
+        if tag.name in self.builder.preserve_whitespace_tags:
+            self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack.append(tag)
+        if tag.name in self.builder.string_containers:
+            self.string_container_stack.append(tag)
+
+    def endData(self, containerClass: Optional[Type[NavigableString]] = None) -> None:
+        """Method called by the TreeBuilder when the end of a data segment
+        occurs.
+
+        :param containerClass: The class to use when incorporating the
+        data segment into the parse tree.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if self.current_data:
+            current_data = "".join(self.current_data)
+            # If whitespace is not preserved, and this string contains
+            # nothing but ASCII spaces, replace it with a single space
+            # or newline.
+            if not self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack:
+                strippable = True
+                for i in current_data:
+                    if i not in self.ASCII_SPACES:
+                        strippable = False
+                        break
+                if strippable:
+                    if "\n" in current_data:
+                        current_data = "\n"
+                    else:
+                        current_data = " "
+
+            # Reset the data collector.
+            self.current_data = []
+
+            # Should we add this string to the tree at all?
+            if (
+                self.parse_only
+                and len(self.tagStack) <= 1
+                and (not self.parse_only.allow_string_creation(current_data))
+            ):
+                return
+
+            containerClass = self.string_container(containerClass)
+            o = containerClass(current_data)
+            self.object_was_parsed(o)
+
+    def object_was_parsed(
+        self,
+        o: PageElement,
+        parent: Optional[Tag] = None,
+        most_recent_element: Optional[PageElement] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Method called by the TreeBuilder to integrate an object into the
+        parse tree.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if parent is None:
+            parent = self.currentTag
+        assert parent is not None
+        previous_element: Optional[PageElement]
+        if most_recent_element is not None:
+            previous_element = most_recent_element
+        else:
+            previous_element = self._most_recent_element
+
+        next_element = previous_sibling = next_sibling = None
+        if isinstance(o, Tag):
+            next_element = o.next_element
+            next_sibling = o.next_sibling
+            previous_sibling = o.previous_sibling
+            if previous_element is None:
+                previous_element = o.previous_element
+
+        fix = parent.next_element is not None
+
+        o.setup(parent, previous_element, next_element, previous_sibling, next_sibling)
+
+        self._most_recent_element = o
+        parent.contents.append(o)
+
+        # Check if we are inserting into an already parsed node.
+        if fix:
+            self._linkage_fixer(parent)
+
+    def _linkage_fixer(self, el: Tag) -> None:
+        """Make sure linkage of this fragment is sound."""
+
+        first = el.contents[0]
+        child = el.contents[-1]
+        descendant: PageElement = child
+
+        if child is first and el.parent is not None:
+            # Parent should be linked to first child
+            el.next_element = child
+            # We are no longer linked to whatever this element is
+            prev_el = child.previous_element
+            if prev_el is not None and prev_el is not el:
+                prev_el.next_element = None
+            # First child should be linked to the parent, and no previous siblings.
+            child.previous_element = el
+            child.previous_sibling = None
+
+        # We have no sibling as we've been appended as the last.
+        child.next_sibling = None
+
+        # This index is a tag, dig deeper for a "last descendant"
+        if isinstance(child, Tag) and child.contents:
+            # _last_decendant is typed as returning Optional[PageElement],
+            # but the value can't be None here, because el is a Tag
+            # which we know has contents.
+            descendant = cast(PageElement, child._last_descendant(False))
+
+        # As the final step, link last descendant. It should be linked
+        # to the parent's next sibling (if found), else walk up the chain
+        # and find a parent with a sibling. It should have no next sibling.
+        descendant.next_element = None
+        descendant.next_sibling = None
+
+        target: Optional[Tag] = el
+        while True:
+            if target is None:
+                break
+            elif target.next_sibling is not None:
+                descendant.next_element = target.next_sibling
+                target.next_sibling.previous_element = child
+                break
+            target = target.parent
+
+    def _popToTag(
+        self, name: str, nsprefix: Optional[str] = None, inclusivePop: bool = True
+    ) -> Optional[Tag]:
+        """Pops the tag stack up to and including the most recent
+        instance of the given tag.
+
+        If there are no open tags with the given name, nothing will be
+        popped.
+
+        :param name: Pop up to the most recent tag with this name.
+        :param nsprefix: The namespace prefix that goes with `name`.
+        :param inclusivePop: It this is false, pops the tag stack up
+          to but *not* including the most recent instqance of the
+          given tag.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # print("Popping to %s" % name)
+        if name == self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
+            # The BeautifulSoup object itself can never be popped.
+            return None
+
+        most_recently_popped = None
+
+        stack_size = len(self.tagStack)
+        for i in range(stack_size - 1, 0, -1):
+            if not self.open_tag_counter.get(name):
+                break
+            t = self.tagStack[i]
+            if name == t.name and nsprefix == t.prefix:
+                if inclusivePop:
+                    most_recently_popped = self.popTag()
+                break
+            most_recently_popped = self.popTag()
+
+        return most_recently_popped
+
+    def handle_starttag(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        namespace: Optional[str],
+        nsprefix: Optional[str],
+        attrs: _RawAttributeValues,
+        sourceline: Optional[int] = None,
+        sourcepos: Optional[int] = None,
+        namespaces: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[Tag]:
+        """Called by the tree builder when a new tag is encountered.
+
+        :param name: Name of the tag.
+        :param nsprefix: Namespace prefix for the tag.
+        :param attrs: A dictionary of attribute values. Note that
+           attribute values are expected to be simple strings; processing
+           of multi-valued attributes such as "class" comes later.
+        :param sourceline: The line number where this tag was found in its
+            source document.
+        :param sourcepos: The character position within `sourceline` where this
+            tag was found.
+        :param namespaces: A dictionary of all namespace prefix mappings
+            currently in scope in the document.
+
+        If this method returns None, the tag was rejected by an active
+        `ElementFilter`. You should proceed as if the tag had not occurred
+        in the document. For instance, if this was a self-closing tag,
+        don't call handle_endtag.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # print("Start tag %s: %s" % (name, attrs))
+        self.endData()
+
+        if (
+            self.parse_only
+            and len(self.tagStack) <= 1
+            and not self.parse_only.allow_tag_creation(nsprefix, name, attrs)
+        ):
+            return None
+
+        tag_class = self.element_classes.get(Tag, Tag)
+        # Assume that this is either Tag or a subclass of Tag. If not,
+        # the user brought type-unsafety upon themselves.
+        tag_class = cast(Type[Tag], tag_class)
+        tag = tag_class(
+            self,
+            self.builder,
+            name,
+            namespace,
+            nsprefix,
+            attrs,
+            self.currentTag,
+            self._most_recent_element,
+            sourceline=sourceline,
+            sourcepos=sourcepos,
+            namespaces=namespaces,
+        )
+        if tag is None:
+            return tag
+        if self._most_recent_element is not None:
+            self._most_recent_element.next_element = tag
+        self._most_recent_element = tag
+        self.pushTag(tag)
+        return tag
+
+    def handle_endtag(self, name: str, nsprefix: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Called by the tree builder when an ending tag is encountered.
+
+        :param name: Name of the tag.
+        :param nsprefix: Namespace prefix for the tag.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # print("End tag: " + name)
+        self.endData()
+        self._popToTag(name, nsprefix)
+
+    def handle_data(self, data: str) -> None:
+        """Called by the tree builder when a chunk of textual data is
+        encountered.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        self.current_data.append(data)
+
+    def decode(
+        self,
+        indent_level: Optional[int] = None,
+        eventual_encoding: _Encoding = DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
+        formatter: Union[Formatter, str] = "minimal",
+        iterator: Optional[Iterator[PageElement]] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Returns a string representation of the parse tree
+            as a full HTML or XML document.
+
+        :param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
+           indented this many levels. (The ``formatter`` decides what a
+           'level' means, in terms of spaces or other characters
+           output.) This is used internally in recursive calls while
+           pretty-printing.
+        :param eventual_encoding: The encoding of the final document.
+            If this is None, the document will be a Unicode string.
+        :param formatter: Either a `Formatter` object, or a string naming one of
+            the standard formatters.
+        :param iterator: The iterator to use when navigating over the
+            parse tree. This is only used by `Tag.decode_contents` and
+            you probably won't need to use it.
+        """
+        if self.is_xml:
+            # Print the XML declaration
+            encoding_part = ""
+            declared_encoding: Optional[str] = eventual_encoding
+            if eventual_encoding in PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS:
+                # This is a special Python encoding; it can't actually
+                # go into an XML document because it means nothing
+                # outside of Python.
+                declared_encoding = None
+            if declared_encoding is not None:
+                encoding_part = ' encoding="%s"' % declared_encoding
+            prefix = '<?xml version="1.0"%s?>\n' % encoding_part
+        else:
+            prefix = ""
+
+        # Prior to 4.13.0, the first argument to this method was a
+        # bool called pretty_print, which gave the method a different
+        # signature from its superclass implementation, Tag.decode.
+        #
+        # The signatures of the two methods now match, but just in
+        # case someone is still passing a boolean in as the first
+        # argument to this method (or a keyword argument with the old
+        # name), we can handle it and put out a DeprecationWarning.
+        warning: Optional[str] = None
+        if isinstance(indent_level, bool):
+            if indent_level is True:
+                indent_level = 0
+            elif indent_level is False:
+                indent_level = None
+            warning = f"As of 4.13.0, the first argument to BeautifulSoup.decode has been changed from bool to int, to match Tag.decode. Pass in a value of {indent_level} instead."
+        else:
+            pretty_print = kwargs.pop("pretty_print", None)
+            assert not kwargs
+            if pretty_print is not None:
+                if pretty_print is True:
+                    indent_level = 0
+                elif pretty_print is False:
+                    indent_level = None
+                warning = f"As of 4.13.0, the pretty_print argument to BeautifulSoup.decode has been removed, to match Tag.decode. Pass in a value of indent_level={indent_level} instead."
+
+        if warning:
+            warnings.warn(warning, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        elif indent_level is False or pretty_print is False:
+            indent_level = None
+        return prefix + super(BeautifulSoup, self).decode(
+            indent_level, eventual_encoding, formatter, iterator
+        )
+
+
+# Aliases to make it easier to get started quickly, e.g. 'from bs4 import _soup'
+_s = BeautifulSoup
+_soup = BeautifulSoup
+
+
+class BeautifulStoneSoup(BeautifulSoup):
+    """Deprecated interface to an XML parser."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
+        kwargs["features"] = "xml"
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The BeautifulStoneSoup class was deprecated in version 4.0.0. Instead of using "
+            'it, pass features="xml" into the BeautifulSoup constructor.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        super(BeautifulStoneSoup, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+# If this file is run as a script, act as an HTML pretty-printer.
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import sys
+
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(sys.stdin)
+    print((soup.prettify()))