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height:75.51%'><span style='font-family:Verdana;font-size:64%'><i>Genetic
versus Physical maps for App expression</i></span><span style='font-family:
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style='font-size:117%;color:#E9EB5D'><i>The difference between genetic and
physical scale is analogous to measuring the </i></span></span><span
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style='font-size:117%;color:#E9EB5D'><i>separation between New York and Boston
in either travel hours or kilometers</i></span><span style='font-size:150%;
color:#E9EB5D'><i>.</i></span><span style='font-size:167%;color:#E9EB5D;
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<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Verdana size=3>The map on the top has an
X-axis scale based on frequency of recombinations events between markers (B
to D transitions, see slide 19 for a color-coded example). These so-called
genetic maps are scaled in centimorgan (recombinations per 100 gametes). In contrast,
the physical map shown below the genetic map has an X-axis scale based on DNA
length measured in nucleotides or base-pairs. Notice the large difference
between the two maps in the size of Chr 19 (large on the genetic scale but
small on the physical scale).</font><br>
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<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Verdana size=3>Also notice the large
difference in the width of the chromosome 7 QTL peak. In mice, recombinations
occur with higher frequency toward the telomeric side (right side) of each
chromosome. As a result, genetic maps are stretched out more toward the
telomere relative to a physical map. The QTL on distal Chr 7 is therefore
actually more precisely mapped than might appear looking at the genetic map.</font><br>
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<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Verdana size=3>The physical scale is
becoming more useful than the genetic scale primarily because many other data
types can be easily superimposed on a physical map. You will see more
examples in the next several slides.</font><br>
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