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+1. Title of Database: Abalone data
+
+2. Sources:
+
+   (a) Original owners of database:
+	Marine Resources Division
+	Marine Research Laboratories - Taroona
+	Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Tasmania
+	GPO Box 619F, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
+	(contact: Warwick Nash +61 02 277277, wnash@dpi.tas.gov.au)
+
+   (b) Donor of database:
+	Sam Waugh (Sam.Waugh@cs.utas.edu.au)
+	Department of Computer Science, University of Tasmania
+	GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
+
+   (c) Date received: December 1995
+
+
+3. Past Usage:
+
+   Sam Waugh (1995) "Extending and benchmarking Cascade-Correlation", PhD
+   thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Tasmania.
+
+   -- Test set performance (final 1044 examples, first 3133 used for training):
+	24.86% Cascade-Correlation (no hidden nodes)
+	26.25% Cascade-Correlation (5 hidden nodes)
+	21.5%  C4.5
+	 0.0%  Linear Discriminate Analysis
+	 3.57% k=5 Nearest Neighbour
+      (Problem encoded as a classification task)
+
+   -- Data set samples are highly overlapped.  Further information is required
+	to separate completely using affine combinations.  Other restrictions
+	to data set examined.
+
+   David Clark, Zoltan Schreter, Anthony Adams "A Quantitative Comparison of
+   Dystal and Backpropagation", submitted to the Australian Conference on
+   Neural Networks (ACNN'96). Data set treated as a 3-category classification
+   problem (grouping ring classes 1-8, 9 and 10, and 11 on).
+
+   -- Test set performance (3133 training, 1044 testing as above):
+	64%    Backprop
+	55%    Dystal
+   -- Previous work (Waugh, 1995) on same data set:
+	61.40% Cascade-Correlation (no hidden nodes)
+	65.61% Cascade-Correlation (5 hidden nodes)
+	59.2%  C4.5
+	32.57% Linear Discriminate Analysis
+	62.46% k=5 Nearest Neighbour
+
+
+4. Relevant Information Paragraph:
+
+   Predicting the age of abalone from physical measurements.  The age of
+   abalone is determined by cutting the shell through the cone, staining it,
+   and counting the number of rings through a microscope -- a boring and
+   time-consuming task.  Other measurements, which are easier to obtain, are
+   used to predict the age.  Further information, such as weather patterns
+   and location (hence food availability) may be required to solve the problem.
+
+   From the original data examples with missing values were removed (the
+   majority having the predicted value missing), and the ranges of the
+   continuous values have been scaled for use with an ANN (by dividing by 200).
+
+   Data comes from an original (non-machine-learning) study:
+
+	Warwick J Nash, Tracy L Sellers, Simon R Talbot, Andrew J Cawthorn and
+	Wes B Ford (1994) "The Population Biology of Abalone (_Haliotis_
+	species) in Tasmania. I. Blacklip Abalone (_H. rubra_) from the North
+	Coast and Islands of Bass Strait", Sea Fisheries Division, Technical
+	Report No. 48 (ISSN 1034-3288)
+
+
+5. Number of Instances: 4177
+
+
+6. Number of Attributes: 8
+
+
+7. Attribute information:
+
+   Given is the attribute name, attribute type, the measurement unit and a
+   brief description.  The number of rings is the value to predict: either
+   as a continuous value or as a classification problem.
+
+	Name		Data Type	Meas.	Description
+	----		---------	-----	-----------
+	Sex		nominal			M, F, and I (infant)
+	Length		continuous	mm	Longest shell measurement
+	Diameter	continuous	mm	perpendicular to length
+	Height		continuous	mm	with meat in shell
+	Whole weight	continuous	grams	whole abalone
+	Shucked weight	continuous	grams	weight of meat
+	Viscera weight	continuous	grams	gut weight (after bleeding)
+	Shell weight	continuous	grams	after being dried
+	Rings		integer			+1.5 gives the age in years
+
+   Statistics for numeric domains:
+
+		Length	Diam	Height	Whole	Shucked	Viscera	Shell	Rings
+	Min	0.075	0.055	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.002	    1
+	Max	0.815	0.650	1.130	2.826	1.488	0.760	1.005	   29
+	Mean	0.524	0.408	0.140	0.829	0.359	0.181	0.239	9.934
+	SD	0.120	0.099	0.042	0.490	0.222	0.110	0.139	3.224
+	Correl	0.557	0.575	0.557	0.540	0.421	0.504	0.628	  1.0
+
+
+8. Missing Attribute Values: None
+
+
+9. Class Distribution:
+
+	Class	Examples
+	-----	--------
+	1	1
+	2	1
+	3	15
+	4	57
+	5	115
+	6	259
+	7	391
+	8	568
+	9	689
+	10	634
+	11	487
+	12	267
+	13	203
+	14	126
+	15	103
+	16	67
+	17	58
+	18	42
+	19	32
+	20	26
+	21	14
+	22	6
+	23	9
+	24	2
+	25	1
+	26	1
+	27	2
+	29	1
+	-----	----
+	Total	4177