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<title>PowerPoint Presentation - Complex trait analysis, develop-ment, and
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</layer><script>
mytop = 0.15 * g_height; myleft = 0.31 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.4 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script language=JavaScript><!--
xx = 0.31 * g_width;
yy = 0.15 * g_height;
ht = 0.05 * g_height;
wd = 0.4 * g_width;
document.write(
'<img border=0 src="slide0017_image078.gif" x=' + xx + ' y=' +yy + ' height=' + ht + ' width=' + wd + '>' );
//-->
</script></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.17 * g_height; myleft = 0.09 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0'>D<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.17 * g_height; myleft = 0.17 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#F6BF69'>B<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#F6BF69;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.77 * g_height; myleft = 0.05 * g_width; myheight = 0.26 * g_height; mywidth = 1.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0.02 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.22 * g_height; mywidth = 1.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.14 * g_height; mywidth = 1.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.06 * g_height; mywidth = 1.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script><span
style='text-align:left'><span style='font-size:233%;color:#E2EBF0'>D</span><span
style='font-size:233%;color:#E9EB5D'> </span><span style='font-size:200%;
color:#E9EB5D'>and </span><span style='font-size:233%;color:#F6BF69'>B</span><span
style='font-size:233%;color:#E9EB5D'> </span><span style='font-size:200%;
color:#E9EB5D'>may be SNP-like variants in the promoter </span></span></layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 1 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script><span
style='text-align:left'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D'>itself (cis
QTL) or in </span><span style='font-size:200%;color:#EAEC5E'>upstream genes
(trans QTLs)</span><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E9EB5D;display:none'><br>
</span></span></layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.14 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.89 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E9EB5D;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.07 * g_height; myleft = 0.04 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.22 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.22 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D'>UPSTREAM<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.05 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.22 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D'>modulators<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.1 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.2 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D;mso-special-format:
lastCR;display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.07 * g_height; myleft = 0.44 * g_width; myheight = 0.18 * g_height; mywidth = 0.17 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:16;mso-text-indent-alt:
16'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0'>High<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:16;mso-text-indent-alt:
16'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.63 * g_height; myleft = 0.08 * g_width; myheight = 0.18 * g_height; mywidth = 0.06 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0'>D<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#E2EBF0;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.63 * g_height; myleft = 0.15 * g_width; myheight = 0.18 * g_height; mywidth = 0.06 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.16 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.04 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#F6BF69'>B<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.08 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.08 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:300%;color:#F6BF69;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.71 * g_height; myleft = 0.07 * g_width; myheight = 0.12 * g_height; mywidth = 0.16 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.1 * g_height; mywidth = 0.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D'><i>cis QTL</i></span><span
style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D;display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.05 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.12 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.57 * g_height; myleft = -0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.07 * g_height; mywidth = 1.01 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script language=JavaScript><!--
xx = -0.01 * g_width;
yy = 0.57 * g_height;
ht = 0.07 * g_height;
wd = 1.01 * g_width;
document.write(
'<img border=0 src="slide0017_image079.gif" x=' + xx + ' y=' +yy + ' height=' + ht + ' width=' + wd + '>' );
//-->
</script></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.44 * g_height; myleft = 0.47 * g_width; myheight = 0.12 * g_height; mywidth = 0.09 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.06 * g_height; mywidth = 0.09 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:233%;color:#F6BF69'>Low<br>
</span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.06 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.06 * g_height; mywidth = 0.07 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:233%;color:#F6BF69;mso-special-format:lastCR;
display:none'><br>
</span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.58 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.06 * g_height; mywidth = 1.14 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0.01 * g_width; myheight = 0.04 * g_height; mywidth = 1.13 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span
style='font-family:Gadget;font-size:167%;color:white'>>>>>PROMOTER--ATG-Exon1-Intron1-Exon2-Intron2
- etc-3'UTR >>>>></span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.37 * g_height; myleft = 0.08 * g_width; myheight = 0.2 * g_height; mywidth = 0.13 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div><script language=JavaScript><!--
xx = 0.08 * g_width;
yy = 0.37 * g_height;
ht = 0.2 * g_height;
wd = 0.13 * g_width;
document.write(
'<img border=0 src="slide0017_image080.gif" x=' + xx + ' y=' +yy + ' height=' + ht + ' width=' + wd + '>' );
//-->
</script></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.39 * g_height; myleft = 0.1 * g_width; myheight = 0.12 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-family:Palatino;font-size:233%;
color:white'><b><br>
</b></span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.06 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-family:Palatino;font-size:233%;
color:white;mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'><b><br>
</b></span></div>
</layer></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.4 * g_height; myleft = 0.17 * g_width; myheight = 0.12 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:left;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:normal;font-style:
normal;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-effect:none;mso-fareast-hint:
no;layout-flow:horizontal;color:black;mso-color-index:1;font-size:80%;
mso-text-raise:0%'><script>
mytop = 0 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
<div style='text-align:center;mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;
mso-text-indent-alt:17'><span style='font-family:Palatino;font-size:233%;
color:white'><b><br>
</b></span></div>
</layer><script>
mytop = 0.06 * g_height; myleft = 0 * g_width; myheight = 0.05 * g_height; mywidth = 0.03 * g_width;
document.write( '<layer top=' + mytop + ' left=' + myleft + ' height=' + myheight + ' width=' + mywidth + ' >' );
</script>
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<div style='mso-line-spacing:" 0 0";mso-margin-left-alt:17;mso-text-indent-alt:
17'><span style='font-size:200%;color:#E9EB5D'><i>trans QTL</i></span><span
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<td width="100%"></td>
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<tr>
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<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3>This slide is
illustrates two categories of QTLs that modulate variability in transcript
abundance.</font><br>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><br>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3>1. cis QTLs are defined
as QTLs that are closely linked to the gene whose transcript is the measured
trait. For example, a polymorphism in the promoter that affects the binding
of a transcription factor. However, cis QTLs can be far upstream or
downstream polymorphisms in enhancers. They may also be polymorphisms in
neigghboring genes.</font><br>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><br>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3>2. trans QTLs map far
enough away from the location of the gene that gives rise to the transcript
that is being measured so that we can be quite certain that the QTL is not
IN the gene itself. The most blatant type of trans-QTL would be a
polymorphism in a transcription factor. BUT in the majority of cases, the
trans QTLs can be far removed in a mechanistic sense from the actual events
modulating transcript abundance. That is why there are three overlappoing
arrows above.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The way in which
an upstream polymorphism influences a downstream difference in mRNA
abundance can be very indirect. Effects can :</font><br>
</td>
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<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>a.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>cross tissue types (a polymorphic liver enzyme may affect
CNS gene expression)</font><br>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>cross time (the modulator is only expressed for one day
during development but has permanent effects in adults),</font><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=1></td>
<td align=left colspan=1><font face=Helvetica size=3><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>c.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>may be contingent on environmental factors (heat shock
may trigger the expression of a polymorphic factor that affects mRNA
abundance).</font><br>
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