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Date: Tue, 8 May 2012 18:39:56 -0500
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PowerPoint Presentation - Complex trait analysis, develop-ment, and
genomics
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Genetic
versus Physical maps for App expression
The
difference between genetic and physical scale is analogous to measuring the separation
between New York and Boston in either travel hours or kilometers.
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The map on the top has an
X-axis scale based on frequency of recombinations events between markers (B
to D transitions, see slide 19 for a color-coded example). These so-called
genetic maps are scaled in centimorgan (recombinations per 100 gametes). In
contrast, the physical map shown below the genetic map has an X-axis scale
based on DNA length measured in nucleotides or base-pairs. Notice the large
difference between the two maps in the size of Chr 19 (large on the genetic
scale but small on the physical scale).
Also notice the large
difference in the width of the chromosome 7 QTL peak. In mice,
recombinations occur with higher frequency toward the telomeric side (right
side) of each chromosome. As a result, genetic maps are stretched out more
toward the telomere relative to a physical map. The QTL on distal Chr 7 is
therefore actually more precisely mapped than might appear looking at the
genetic map.
The physical scale is
becoming more useful than the genetic scale primarily because many other
data types can be easily superimposed on a physical map. You will see more
examples in the next several slides.