guix: Add support for channel dependencies.

* guix/channels.scm (<channel-metadata>): New record.
(read-channel-metadata, channel-instance-dependencies): New procedures.
(latest-channel-instances): Include channel dependencies; add optional
argument PREVIOUS-CHANNELS.
(channel-instance-derivations): Build derivation for additional channels and
add it as dependency to the channel instance derivation.
* doc/guix.texi (Channels): Add subsection "Declaring Channel Dependencies".
* tests/channels.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (SCM_TESTS): Add it.

Makefile.am

@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ SCM_TESTS =					\
   tests/base16.scm				\
   tests/base32.scm				\
   tests/base64.scm				\
+  tests/channels.scm				\
   tests/cpan.scm				\
   tests/cpio.scm				\
   tests/crate.scm				\

doc/guix.texi

@@ -3037,6 +3037,39 @@ the new and upgraded packages that are listed, some like @code{my-gimp} and
 @code{my-emacs-with-cool-features} might come from
 @code{my-personal-packages}, while others come from the Guix default channel.
 
+@cindex dependencies, channels
+@cindex meta-data, channels
+@subsection Declaring Channel Dependencies
+
+Channel authors may decide to augment a package collection provided by other
+channels.  They can declare their channel to be dependent on other channels in
+a meta-data file @file{.guix-channel}, which is to be placed in the root of
+the channel repository.
+
+The meta-data file should contain a simple S-expression like this:
+
+@lisp
+(channel
+ (version 0)
+ (dependencies
+  (channel
+   (name 'some-collection)
+   (url "https://example.org/first-collection.git"))
+  (channel
+   (name 'some-other-collection)
+   (url "https://example.org/second-collection.git")
+   (branch "testing"))))
+@end lisp
+
+In the above example this channel is declared to depend on two other channels,
+which will both be fetched automatically.  The modules provided by the channel
+will be compiled in an environment where the modules of all these declared
+channels are available.
+
+For the sake of reliability and maintainability, you should avoid dependencies
+on channels that you don't control, and you should aim to keep the number of
+dependencies to a minimum.
+
 @subsection Replicating Guix
 
 @cindex pinning, channels

guix/channels.scm

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
 ;;; Copyright © 2018 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
+;;; Copyright © 2018 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
 ;;;
 ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
 ;;;
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
   #:use-module (guix store)
   #:use-module (guix i18n)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-2)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
   #:autoload   (guix self) (whole-package)
@@ -73,7 +75,6 @@
   (commit    channel-commit (default #f))
   (location  channel-location
              (default (current-source-location)) (innate)))
-;; TODO: Add a way to express dependencies among channels.
 
 (define %default-channels
   ;; Default list of channels.
@@ -93,6 +94,12 @@
   (commit    channel-instance-commit)
   (checkout  channel-instance-checkout))
 
+(define-record-type <channel-metadata>
+  (channel-metadata version dependencies)
+  channel-metadata?
+  (version       channel-metadata-version)
+  (dependencies  channel-metadata-dependencies))
+
 (define (channel-reference channel)
   "Return the \"reference\" for CHANNEL, an sexp suitable for
 'latest-repository-commit'."
@@ -100,20 +107,90 @@
     (#f      `(branch . ,(channel-branch channel)))
     (commit  `(commit . ,(channel-commit channel)))))
 
-(define (latest-channel-instances store channels)
+(define (read-channel-metadata instance)
+  "Return a channel-metadata record read from the channel INSTANCE's
+description file, or return #F if the channel instance does not include the
+file."
+  (let* ((source (channel-instance-checkout instance))
+         (meta-file (string-append source "/.guix-channel")))
+    (and (file-exists? meta-file)
+         (and-let* ((raw (call-with-input-file meta-file read))
+                    (version (and=> (assoc-ref raw 'version) first))
+                    (dependencies (or (assoc-ref raw 'dependencies) '())))
+           (channel-metadata
+            version
+            (map (lambda (item)
+                   (let ((get (lambda* (key #:optional default)
+                                (or (and=> (assoc-ref item key) first) default))))
+                     (and-let* ((name (get 'name))
+                                (url (get 'url))
+                                (branch (get 'branch "master")))
+                       (channel
+                        (name name)
+                        (branch branch)
+                        (url url)
+                        (commit (get 'commit))))))
+                 dependencies))))))
+
+(define (channel-instance-dependencies instance)
+  "Return the list of channels that are declared as dependencies for the given
+channel INSTANCE."
+  (match (read-channel-metadata instance)
+    (#f '())
+    (($ <channel-metadata> version dependencies)
+     dependencies)))
+
+(define* (latest-channel-instances store channels #:optional (previous-channels '()))
   "Return a list of channel instances corresponding to the latest checkouts of
-CHANNELS."
-  (map (lambda (channel)
-         (format (current-error-port)
-                 (G_ "Updating channel '~a' from Git repository at '~a'...~%")
-                 (channel-name channel)
-                 (channel-url channel))
-         (let-values (((checkout commit)
-                       (latest-repository-commit store (channel-url channel)
-                                                 #:ref (channel-reference
-                                                        channel))))
-           (channel-instance channel commit checkout)))
-       channels))
+CHANNELS and the channels on which they depend.  PREVIOUS-CHANNELS is a list
+of previously processed channels."
+  ;; Only process channels that are unique, or that are more specific than a
+  ;; previous channel specification.
+  (define (ignore? channel others)
+    (member channel others
+            (lambda (a b)
+              (and (eq? (channel-name a) (channel-name b))
+                   (or (channel-commit b)
+                       (not (or (channel-commit a)
+                                (channel-commit b))))))))
+  ;; Accumulate a list of instances.  A list of processed channels is also
+  ;; accumulated to decide on duplicate channel specifications.
+  (match (fold (lambda (channel acc)
+                 (match acc
+                   ((#:channels previous-channels #:instances instances)
+                    (if (ignore? channel previous-channels)
+                        acc
+                        (begin
+                          (format (current-error-port)
+                                  (G_ "Updating channel '~a' from Git repository at '~a'...~%")
+                                  (channel-name channel)
+                                  (channel-url channel))
+                          (let-values (((checkout commit)
+                                        (latest-repository-commit store (channel-url channel)
+                                                                  #:ref (channel-reference
+                                                                         channel))))
+                            (let ((instance (channel-instance channel commit checkout)))
+                              (let-values (((new-instances new-channels)
+                                            (latest-channel-instances
+                                             store
+                                             (channel-instance-dependencies instance)
+                                             previous-channels)))
+                                `(#:channels
+                                  ,(append (cons channel new-channels)
+                                           previous-channels)
+                                  #:instances
+                                  ,(append (cons instance new-instances)
+                                           instances))))))))))
+               `(#:channels ,previous-channels #:instances ())
+               channels)
+    ((#:channels channels #:instances instances)
+     (let ((instance-name (compose channel-name channel-instance-channel)))
+       ;; Remove all earlier channel specifications if they are followed by a
+       ;; more specific one.
+       (values (delete-duplicates instances
+                                  (lambda (a b)
+                                    (eq? (instance-name a) (instance-name b))))
+               channels)))))
 
 (define* (checkout->channel-instance checkout
                                      #:key commit
@@ -235,8 +312,21 @@ INSTANCES."
           (lambda (instance)
             (if (eq? instance core-instance)
                 (return core)
-                (build-channel-instance instance
-                                        (cons core dependencies))))
+                (match (channel-instance-dependencies instance)
+                  (()
+                   (build-channel-instance instance
+                                           (cons core dependencies)))
+                  (channels
+                   (mlet %store-monad ((dependencies-derivation
+                                        (latest-channel-derivation
+                                         ;; %default-channels is used here to
+                                         ;; ensure that the core channel is
+                                         ;; available for channels declared as
+                                         ;; dependencies.
+                                         (append channels %default-channels))))
+                     (build-channel-instance instance
+                                             (cons dependencies-derivation
+                                                   (cons core dependencies))))))))
           instances)))
 
 (define (whole-package-for-legacy name modules)

tests/channels.scm

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
+;;; Copyright © 2018 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
+;;;
+;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
+;;;
+;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
+;;; your option) any later version.
+;;;
+;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+;;;
+;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+(define-module (test-channels)
+  #:use-module (guix channels)
+  #:use-module ((guix build syscalls) #:select (mkdtemp!))
+  #:use-module (guix tests)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
+  #:use-module (srfi srfi-64)
+  #:use-module (ice-9 match))
+
+(test-begin "channels")
+
+(define* (make-instance #:key
+                        (name 'fake)
+                        (commit "cafebabe")
+                        (spec #f))
+  (define instance-dir (mkdtemp! "/tmp/checkout.XXXXXX"))
+  (and spec
+       (with-output-to-file (string-append instance-dir "/.guix-channel")
+         (lambda _ (format #t "~a" spec))))
+  ((@@ (guix channels) channel-instance)
+   name commit instance-dir))
+
+(define instance--boring (make-instance))
+(define instance--no-deps
+  (make-instance #:spec
+                 '(channel
+                   (version 0)
+                   (dependencies
+                    (channel
+                     (name test-channel)
+                     (url "https://example.com/test-channel"))))))
+(define instance--simple
+  (make-instance #:spec
+                 '(channel
+                   (version 0)
+                   (dependencies
+                    (channel
+                     (name test-channel)
+                     (url "https://example.com/test-channel"))))))
+(define instance--with-dupes
+  (make-instance #:spec
+                 '(channel
+                   (version 0)
+                   (dependencies
+                    (channel
+                     (name test-channel)
+                     (url "https://example.com/test-channel"))
+                    (channel
+                     (name test-channel)
+                     (url "https://example.com/test-channel")
+                     (commit "abc1234"))
+                    (channel
+                     (name test-channel)
+                     (url "https://example.com/test-channel-elsewhere"))))))
+
+(define read-channel-metadata
+  (@@ (guix channels) read-channel-metadata))
+
+
+(test-equal "read-channel-metadata returns #f if .guix-channel does not exist"
+  #f
+  (read-channel-metadata instance--boring))
+
+(test-assert "read-channel-metadata returns <channel-metadata>"
+  (every (@@ (guix channels) channel-metadata?)
+         (map read-channel-metadata
+              (list instance--no-deps
+                    instance--simple
+                    instance--with-dupes))))
+
+(test-assert "read-channel-metadata dependencies are channels"
+  (let ((deps ((@@ (guix channels) channel-metadata-dependencies)
+               (read-channel-metadata instance--simple))))
+    (match deps
+      (((? channel? dep)) #t)
+      (_ #f))))
+
+(test-assert "latest-channel-instances includes channel dependencies"
+  (let* ((channel (channel
+                   (name 'test)
+                   (url "test")))
+         (test-dir (channel-instance-checkout instance--simple)))
+    (mock ((guix git) latest-repository-commit
+           (lambda* (store url #:key ref)
+             (match url
+               ("test" (values test-dir 'whatever))
+               (_ (values "/not-important" 'not-important)))))
+          (let ((instances (latest-channel-instances #f (list channel))))
+            (and (eq? 2 (length instances))
+                 (lset= eq?
+                        '(test test-channel)
+                        (map (compose channel-name channel-instance-channel)
+                             instances)))))))
+
+(test-assert "latest-channel-instances excludes duplicate channel dependencies"
+  (let* ((channel (channel
+                   (name 'test)
+                   (url "test")))
+         (test-dir (channel-instance-checkout instance--with-dupes)))
+    (mock ((guix git) latest-repository-commit
+           (lambda* (store url #:key ref)
+             (match url
+               ("test" (values test-dir 'whatever))
+               (_ (values "/not-important" 'not-important)))))
+          (let ((instances (latest-channel-instances #f (list channel))))
+            (and (eq? 2 (length instances))
+                 (lset= eq?
+                        '(test test-channel)
+                        (map (compose channel-name channel-instance-channel)
+                             instances))
+                 ;; only the most specific channel dependency should remain,
+                 ;; i.e. the one with a specified commit.
+                 (find (lambda (instance)
+                         (and (eq? (channel-name
+                                    (channel-instance-channel instance))
+                                   'test-channel)
+                              (eq? (channel-commit
+                                    (channel-instance-channel instance))
+                                   'abc1234)))
+                       instances))))))
+
+(test-end "channels")