{
  "titles": [
    "2017 - diabetes-mellitus-in-developing-countries-and-underserved-commun-2017.pdf",
    "2018 - Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.pdf",
    "2014 - Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes.pdf",
    "2011 - Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes.pdf",
    "2010 - Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake.pdf",
    "2008 - Public Health Genomics Approach to Type 2 Diabetes.pdf",
    "2009 - Zinc and Diabetes - clinical links and molecular mechanisms.pdf",
    "2011 - Type 2 diabetes across generations from pathophysiology to prevention and management.pdf",
    "2007 - Physical activity modifies the effect of SNPs in the SLC2A2 (GLUT2).pdf",
    "2011 - Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes.pdf"
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  "contexts": [
    "of Type 2 Diabetes   The lifestyle intervention using physical exercise  and modi  cation of nutrition is ef  cient in pre- venting type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance [  99 ]. Clinical trials con  rm  that lifestyle interventions (dietary modi  cation  and increased physical activity) reduce the risk of progressing from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes [  105 ]. Assessing T2D risk accord- ing to FINDRISK scale [ 106 ] is quite common in",
    "Major clinical trials have demonstrated that diet and lifestyle modifications are  effective in preventing T2DM in high-risk individuals.  T2DM management strategies including lifestyle modifications, social support and  ensuring medication adherence are key to reducing the incidence of diabetes  mellitus complications. REVIEWS NATURE REVIEWS | ENDOCRINOLOGY  VOLUME 14 | FEBRUARY 2018 | 89",
    "focused on people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose because of their high risk of development of type 2 diabetes. Several studies have examined the ability of lifestyle modi  cation and drugs to slow progression to diabetes (table 2). Findings from these trials have nearly all shown a bene  t, with lifestyle modi  cations being more e   cacious than any drug, with  the exception of the thiazolidinedione anti diabetics. 163175",
    "no or just minor weight loss was achieved, diabetes incidence was also reduced (   Pan et al., 1997   ;    Ramachandran et al., 2006   ). In addition, on the long term weight was partially or totally regained in all of the studies (   Knowler et al., 2009   ;    Li et al., 2008   ;    Lindstrom et al., 2006   ;    Lindstrom et al., 2003   ). Despite this regain T2DM risk remained low or decreased further, thus the e  ect of lifestyle is unlikely to be solely due to",
    "proven particularly effective for preven-tion and management of type 2 diabetes.For example, improvement in dietaryquality, in conjunction with other lifestylemodications like increased physical ac-tivity, was shown to be more effectivethan pharmacological treatment in pre-vention of diabetes in individuals at highrisk (1). Further, lifestyle modicationmay mitigate the risk associated with thestrongest known diabetes risk loci (2).While the existence of environmental in-uences on genetic risk (and vice",
    "spite of our incomplete knowledge of the genetics of type 2diabetes today, the burden of type 2 diabetes can be amelio-rated at the population level. Recent studies have found thatlifestyle changes through diet and exercise can prevent or",
    "Lifestyle modification including exercise, nutrition and behavioral changes is the cornerstone to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic medication either as single agent or combination therapy is frequently required to maintain metabolic control, as assessed by monitoring ofglycated hemoglobin A 1C(HbA 1C) levels. Eventually, asignificant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes require the exogenous administration of insulin [40].",
    "diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 134350. 114 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in  the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393403. 115 Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, Mukesh B, Bhaskar AD,",
    "type 2 diabetes. Physical activity, favorable dietary changes,and weight reduction were essential components of a success-ful lifestyle intervention in two large randomized controlled trials on the prevention of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individ-uals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), including theFinnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (44) and the Diabe-tes Prevention Program (DPP) (22). In the DPS, increasedphysical activity was associated with a decreased risk of type",
    "demonstrate that lifestyle modi  cation comprising higher levels  of PA and prudent food consumption may be e  ective in obesity  and T2DM prevention. The positive e  ect of lifestyle on body  weight seems somewhat transient, whereas the e  ect on T2DM  is sustained for longer periods. Furthermore, lifestyle modi  ca- tion appears to have an e  ect on diabetes risk independently of  body weight and even of weight loss.      Lifestyle and Genetics in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes"
  ],
  "answer": "Lifestyle changes, particularly those involving diet and physical activity, have been shown to be effective in managing and even reversing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Several sources in the provided context support this:  1. **Prevention and Management**: Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, have been proven effective in preventing the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes [1], [2], [3], [5], [9]. These interventions are more efficacious than pharmacological treatments in some cases [5].  2. **Sustained Effects**: The positive effects of lifestyle changes on type 2 diabetes risk are sustained over longer periods, even if weight is partially or totally regained [4], [10]. This suggests that the benefits of lifestyle modifications are not solely dependent on weight loss.  3. **Cornerstone of Treatment**: Lifestyle modification, including exercise, nutrition, and behavioral changes, is considered the cornerstone for both preventing and treating type 2 diabetes [7].  In summary, lifestyle changes can indeed play a significant role in reversing type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by multiple clinical trials and studies [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [7], [9], [10].",
  "question": "Can lifestyle changes reverse type 2 diabetes?"
}