{
  "titles": [
    "2009 - Pathomechanisms of Type 2 Diabetes Genes.pdf",
    "2008 - Glossary of Genetics Genomics Terms.pdf",
    "2016 - The Application of Genomics.pdf",
    "2015 -precision-medicine-for-managing-diabetes.pdf",
    "2019 - Genetic Risk Scores for Diabetes Diagnosis.pdf",
    "2018 - Human Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.pdf",
    "2008 - Genotype Score in Addition to Common Risk Factors for Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes.pdf",
    "2009 - Genetics of Type 1A Diabetes.pdf",
    "2010 - Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and the Framingham Heart Study.pdf",
    "2014 -  Impact of Delivery Models on Understanding Genomic Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.pdf"
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    "genetic knowledge beyond its use for predic-tion of the individuals type 2 diabetes risk?One major advantage of knowing an at-riskpersons genotype could be to offer an individ-ually tailored lifestyle intervention program to prevent or, at least, to significantly retard the",
    "Genetic factors appear to play a role in determining an individuals risk of developing diabetes. It is hoped",
    "(35). If genetic tests are not helpful in the prediction and prevention of diabetes,they could have a role in discriminatingbetween type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Theepidemic of obesity (36) has made it moredifcult to distinguish diabetes type be- cause many children and young adultswith type 1 diabetes are also obese (37).Misclassi cation poses signi cant risks; an incorrect diagnosis of type 2 diabetes",
    "geted at specific genetic mutations, it is likely that accompa-nying diagnostic tests for biomarkers will also become available to confirm whether the target biomarker is present. Genomic Analyses for Diabetes Risk",
    "genes improves prediction of type 1 diabetes[published correction appears in Diabetologia. 2015; 58(1):206]. Diabetologia . 2014; 57(12):2521 2529. 57. Oram RA, Patel K, Hill A, Shields B, McDonald TJ, Jones A, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN. A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can aid discrimination between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults.Diabetes Care . 2016; 39(3):337 344. 58. Redondo MJ, Oram RA, Steck AK. Genetic risk",
    "10.2337/db13-1663.  20. Vassy JL, et al. A genotype risk score predicts type 2 diabetes from young  adulthood: the CARDIA study. Diabetologia. 2012;55:26042612. doi:  10.1007/s00125-012-2637-7.  21. Vassy JL, et al. Is genetic testing useful to predict type 2 diabe-tes? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;26:189201. doi:  10.1016/j.beem.2011.09.002.  22. Khera AV, et al. Genome-wide polygenic score to identify a monogenic  risk-equivalent for coronary disease. bioRxiv. 2017. doi: 10.1101/218388.",
    "Genotype Score for Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes n engl j med 359;21 www.nejm.org november 20, 2008 2209Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a m ajor  health problem worldwide.1 Fortunately,  its development can be prevented in many  instances,2 and persons at risk can be readily  identified with the measurement of a few com - mon risk factors.3-5 Type 2 diabetes is heritable,  with a risk for people with familial diabetes as  compared with those without familial diabetes that is increased by a factor of 2 to 6.",
    "risk of type 1 diabetes offers the potential for improved prediction, stratification of patients according to risk, and selection of possible therapeutic targets. As germ-line factors, genetic risk variants are present and amenable to study at all times  be -",
    "offers the opportunity to test whetherknowledge of these genetic loci canimprove our ability to detect who willultimately develop diabetes. To answerthis question, we genotyped 18 well-validated single nucleotide polymorph-isms that had previously been associat- ed with diabetes in large genetics",
    "Comprehension of Genomic Risk for  Diabetes  Public Health Genomics 2014;17:95104  DOI: 10.1159/000358413101their results in-person from a genetic counselor were able  to correctly indicate their genomic or lifetime risk score for T2DM and interpret their genomic risk, compared to 50% of participants receiving their results online. This finding aligns with reports that suggest genetic counsel-ing (though limited to reporting of test results in this study) improves patients accuracy of risk perception"
  ],
  "answer": "Genetic testing can help predict a person's risk for diabetes in several ways:  1. **Tailored Interventions**: Knowing an individual's genotype can allow for the development of personalized lifestyle intervention programs aimed at preventing or significantly delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes [1].  2. **Role of Genetic Factors**: Genetic factors play a role in determining an individual's risk of developing diabetes, suggesting that genetic testing can help identify those at higher risk [2].  3. **Genetic Risk Scores**: A genotype risk score can predict type 2 diabetes from a young age, as demonstrated in studies like the CARDIA study [6]. This score can help identify individuals who are at increased risk due to their genetic makeup.  4. **Heritability and Risk Assessment**: Type 2 diabetes is heritable, and genetic testing can help identify individuals with a familial risk, which is increased by a factor of 2 to 6 compared to those without familial diabetes [7].  5. **Improved Prediction and Stratification**: Genetic testing offers the potential for improved prediction and stratification of patients according to their risk, which can aid in selecting possible therapeutic targets [8].  6. **Identification of Genetic Variants**: By genotyping specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diabetes, genetic testing can improve the ability to detect who will ultimately develop the disease [9].  Overall, genetic testing provides valuable insights into an individual's risk for diabetes, enabling more targeted prevention and management strategies.",
  "question": "How can genetic testing help predict a person's risk for diabetes?"
}